Abstract: An alkali metal secondary electrochemical cell, and preferably a lithium ion cell, activated with an equilibrated quaternary solvent system, is described. The solvent system comprises a mixture of dialkyl carbonates and cyclic carbonates, and preferably a quaternary mixture of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate with dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate in an equilibrated molar mixture. Lithium ion cells activated with this electrolyte have good room temperature cycling characteristics and excellent low temperature discharge behavior.

Abstract: In a rechargeable non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using positive electrodes, negative electrodes and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution, additives to the electrolytic solution are used in combination, preferably in combination of at least two compounds selected from o-terphenyl, triphenylene, cyclohexylbenzene and biphenyl, and thus there are provided batteries excellent in safety and storage characteristics.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte for use in improving overcharge safety in a lithium battery includes an organic solvent, a lithium salt, and a benzyl biphenyl compound, a hydride thereof or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A method for adhesion of wound electrodes or electrode lamination for use in a lithium-ion secondary battery, comprising acts of dissolving a polymer applied on electrode sheets in a selected solvent; applying the solvent containing polymer on surfaces of the electrode sheets; and vaporizing the solvent by heating to laminate electrode sheets together is disclosed.

Abstract: An organic electrolytic solution includes ethylenically unsaturated compounds which suppress swelling of a battery due to the gas produced when the battery is stored at high temperature or when charging/discharging cycles are repeatedly performed, and reduces internal resistance of the battery. Polymer electrolytes and lithium batteries are manufactured using the organic electrolytic solutions. The ethylenically unsaturated compounds are vinylene carbonates, vinyl sulfones, acrylonitriles or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A lithium ion electrochemical cell having high charge/discharge capacity, long cycle life and exhibiting a reduced first cycle irreversible capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one phosphate additive having the formula: (R1O)P(═O)(OR2)(OR3) and wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different, wherein at least one, but not all three, of the R groups is hydrogen, or at least one of the R groups has at least 3 carbon atoms and contains an sp or sp2 hybridized carbon atom bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom bonded to the oxygen atom bonded to the phosphorous atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the removal of protic impurities from battery electrolytes which are suitable for lithium cells by chemical adsorption.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium battery in which the cathode comprises an electroactive sulfur-containing material and the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent, and one or more capacity-enhancing reactive components. Suitable reactive components include electron transfer mediators of the formula: wherein: R4 is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or substituted derivatives thereof; E is the same or different at each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of O, NR5, and S; where R5 is alkyl, aryl, or substituted derivatives thereof; a is an integer from 0 to 1; and r is an integer from 2 to 5. Also are provided methods for making the lithium battery.

Abstract: The prevent invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte for batteries comprising the dissolving of an electrolytic salt in an organic solvent, wherein said organic solvent contains at least one type each of cyclic carbonate compound, alkyl mono-carbonate compound represented by chemical formula (1), alkylene bis-carbonate compound represented by chemical formula (2), glycol diether compound represented by chemical formula (3) (R6O—(R7O)n—R8) and phosphorous-containing organic compound. The use of at least one type of glycol diether represented with this general formula is able to yield satisfactory output characteristics by lowering the internal resistance of the battery as a result of increasing the mobility of lithium ions at the solid-liquid interface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a conductive electrolyte for use in high voltage electrolytic capacitors and to an electrolytic capacitor impregnated with the electrolyte of the present invention for use in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The electrolyte according to the present invention is composed of a two solvent mixture of ethylene glycol and di(ethylene glycol); a combination of boric acid with an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of carbon chain length from eight to thirteen, such as suberic, azelaic, sebacic, undecanedioic, dodecanedioic, or brassylic acid; a very long chain dicarboxylic acid, where the acid moieties are separated by 34 carbons; and a nitro-substituted aromatic compound as a degassing agent, such as 3-nitroacetophenone or 2-nitroanisole. This electrolyte is then titrated with a light amine such as ammonia, diethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, or triethylamine.

Abstract: A stabilized vanadium electrolyte solution for use in an all-vanadium redox cell or battery, the stabilized electrolyte solution comprising vanadium redox ions, an electrolyte and a stabilizing agent, wherein precipitation of vanadium redox ions from the electrolyte solution is prevented or reduced by the stabilizing agent when precipitation of the vanadium redox ions would otherwise occur and wherein the stabilizing agent is present in the electrolyte solution at a concentration of from 0.05 to 20% mol/mol of stabilizing agent to vanadium redox ions.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur battery includes a positive electrode having at least one positive active material selected from the group consisting of an elemental sulfur, Li2Sn (n≧1), Li2Sn (n≧1) dissolved in catholytes, an organosulfur compound, and a carbon-sulfur polymer ((C2Sx)n: x=2.5˜50, n≧2), an electrolyte having salts of an organic cation, and a negative electrode having a negative active material selected from the group consisting of a material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, a material capable of reversibly forming a lithium-containing compound by a reaction with lithium ions, a lithium metal, and a lithium alloy.

Abstract: There are disclosed a non-aqueous electrolyte which comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt, and further contains a compound represented by the following formula (I): 1

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery is provided.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery is provided. The electrolyte includes a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt. The non aqueous organic solvent includes cyclic carbonate such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, chain carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and methyl propyl carbonate, and alkyl acetate such as n-methyl acetate, n-ethyl acetate and n-propyl acetate. The electrolyte can be used in a rechargeable lithium battery to provide good low temperature characteristics and safety.

Abstract: The present invention achieves an increased capacity and prolonged life of nonaqueous electrolyte batteries of the type in which light metals, such as magnesium, calcium or aluminum, are used in the negative electrode. The present invention also provides a thermally stable nonaqueous electrolytic solution for use with such batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery in accordance with the present invention includes a positive electrode; a negative electrode containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, calcium and magnesium; and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution composed of a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and an alkyl sulfone having a structure represented by R1R2SO2, where R1 and R2 are each independently an alkyl group, and at least one type of salt selected from the group consisting of aluminum salt, calcium salt and magnesium salt.

Abstract: Refined ethylene sulfite exhibits an excellent storage stability when used as a constituent of an electrolyte. A method of producing same has a step of reacting ethylene glycol and thionyl chloride to producing raw ethylene sulfite, a rectifying step for rectifying the raw ethylene sulfite, and a refining process for refining the raw ethylene sulfite or the rectified ethylene sulfite conducted before or after the rectifying step. The refining process is at least one process selected from the group consisting of a washing process, a dehydration process by total reflux distillation, a second rectifying process, and an absorbing process. Refined ethylene sulfite produced according to the method contains chloroethanol in an amount of not more than 1000 ppm.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery. The electrolyte includes non-aqueous solvent and silicon powder. Silicon powder reacts with hydrogen halide produced by reacting a solute with water, thereby removing the hydrogen halide. The solvent may be an organic solvent such as a cyclic or chain carbonates, or a mixture thereof. The amount of silicon powder is 0.01 to 5 wt % of the organic solvent.

Abstract: To improve an impregnation property of an electrolyte and the cycle characteristics, which have been a problem in the case of employing a casing having a variable shape.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte containing a non-aqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt dissolved therein and a tert-butylbenzene derivative having the formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 independently represent a hydrogen atom or C1 to C12 hydrocarbon group and a lithium secondary battery using the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium secondary battery comprising a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a compound which is oxidized at a voltage higher than a charge end voltage of the lithium secondary battery and a compound which inhibits reactions at voltages lower than said charge end voltage.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to solid composite cathodes which comprise (a)sulfur-containing cathode material which, in its oxidized state, comprises a polysulfide moiety of the formula, -Sm-, wherein m is an integer from 3 to 10; and (b) a non-electroactive particulate material having a strong adsorption of soluble polysulfides. The present invention also pertains to electric current producing cells comprising such solid composite cathodes, and methods of making such solid composite cathodes and electric current producing cells.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery is provided.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode or the negative electrode is an electrode obtained by depositing a thin film of active material capable of lithium storage and release on a current collector, the thin film is divided into columns by gaps formed therein in a manner to extend in its thickness direction and the columnar portions are adhered at their bottoms to the current collector, and the nonaqueous electrolyte contains at least one selected from phosphate ester, phosphite ester, borate ester and carboxylic ester having a fluoroalkyl group.

Abstract: The invention relates to additives to improve the reversibility of a carbon electrode of a lithium ion secondary electrochemical generator. These additives are composed of cyclic or non-cyclic &agr;-halogenated esters such as &agr;-bromo-&ggr;-butyrolactone or methyl chloroformiate. They may be added to the electrolyte at a rate of 0.5 to 3% by volume or adsorbed on the carbon electrode to form a passivation film on said electrode during the first use of the generator.

Abstract: A negative active material for a lithium secondary battery which is capable of improving packing density and has good high-rate charge/discharge and cycle life characteristics is provided. The negative active material includes a crystalline carbon core and an amorphous carbon shell. Alternatively, the negative active material includes secondary particles prepared by gathering at least one crystalline carbon primary particle. A surface of the secondary particles is coated with an amorphous carbon and the secondary particles has a substantially spherical form. The negative active material has two exothermic peak of the differential thermal analysis at 1000° C. or less. A lithium secondary battery using the negative active material can use propylene carbonate for an organic solvent of an electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an active element having an anode including carbon, a cathode including a metal oxide, a separator between the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode. The anode, cathode, and separator are preferably in planar form rolled into a spiral. There is a sealed housing having an interior in which the active element is received, and a gas filling a gas space of the sealed housing. The gas has from about 10 to about 100 percent by volume of the conductive gas hydrogen, helium, and/or neon, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery comprising (i) a non-aqueous solvent, especially consists essentially of a high dielectric solvent and a low viscosity solvent, and (ii) an electrolyte salt, dissolved therein and (iii) an alkyne derivative or an alkyne carbonate derivative and also a lithium secondary battery using the same are disclosed.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to supply organic borates highly soluble even in a solvent of a low dielectric constant; nonaqueous electrolytes made from these organic borates and excellent in characteristics; lithium secondary batteries with improved high-temperature storage characteristics; electric appliances that can be free of protection circuits, and; various applications of the electric appliances.

Abstract: A gel electrolyte comprised of a non-aqueous electrolytic solution immersed in a matrix polymer, in which ion conductivity of a solvent is improved and superior cyclic characteristics are achieved. To this end, the gel electrolyte includes an electrolyte, a matrix polymer and a non-aqueous solvent. The non-aqueous solvent is a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and &ggr;-butyrolactone (GBL). The non-aqueous solvent is of a weight composition in an area in a triangular phase diagram (EC, PC, GBL) surrounded by a point (70, 30, 0), a point (55, 15, 30), a point (15, 55, 30) and a point (30, 70, 0). A gel electrolyte battery employing this electrolyte is also disclosed.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery having an electrode body including a positive electrode made of a positive electrode active material layer joined to a current collector, a negative electrode made of a negative electrode active material layer joined to a current collector, a separator which is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and retains an electrolytic solution containing lithium ions, and a porous adhesive resin layer which retains the electrolytic solution and joins the separator to at least one of the positive electrode active material layer and to the negative electrode active material layer, the electrode body being sealed into a packaging bag, wherein an adhesive resin film capable of absorbing the electrolytic solution and gelling adheres the electrode body to the packaging bag.

Abstract: In primary cells, the addition of gaseous carbon dioxide to the nonaqueous electrolyte has beneficial effects in terms of minimizing or eliminating voltage delay and reducing Rdc build-up when the cell is subjected to pulse current discharge conditions. For secondary systems, carbon dioxide provided in the electrolyte benefits cycling efficiency. The problem is that carbon dioxide readily degases from an electrolyte prepared under an ambient atmosphere. To prevent this, the carbon dioxide-containing electrolyte is prepared and stored in a carbon dioxide atmosphere. Also, the thusly prepared electrolyte is filed into the casing in a carbon dioxide-containing atmosphere. This prevents degassing of the additive from the electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode comprising a carbonaceous material, an organic electrolyte comprising a lithium salt and a solvent, and a separator. The solvent comprises ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), a chain carbonate and phenylethylene carbonate, the content of the chain carbonate, ethylene carbonate (EC) and the propylene carbonate (PC) are from 50 to 90 vol %, from 5 to 45 vol % and from 5 to 45 vol %, respectively, based on the total volume of the ethylene carbonate (EC), the propylene carbonate and the chain carbonate, and the content of the phenylethylene carbonate is from 0.1 to 5.0 wt % based on the total weight of the electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the invention exhibits a great discharge capacity, an excellent cycle life performance and an excellent low-temperature discharge performance.

Abstract: Electrolytic compositions comprising a perfluoropolyether additive of formula (I): 1

Abstract: In a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery provided with a positive electrode 1, a negative electrode 2, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, a lithium-containing composite nickel oxide is used as a chief component of the positive electrode material for the positive electrode, a lithium-containing titanium oxide is used as a chief component of the negative electrode material for the negative electrode, and the solvent of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains a cyclic carbonic ester and a chain carbonic ester in such a manner that the cyclic carbonic ester and chain carbonic ester are contained in amounts of not less than 10% by volume of the whole solvent, respectively, and the total content of the cyclic carbonic ester and the chain carbonic ester is not less than 60% by volume of the whole solvent.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochemical cell in which the cathode comprises an electroactive sulfur-containing material, the anode comprises lithium, and the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent, and a self-discharge inhibiting amount of one or more organic sulfites. Suitable organic sulfites include alkyl sulfite esters. Also are provided methods for increasing the storage life of electrochemical cells.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium-sulfur battery having one solvent having a dielectric constant that is greater than or equal to 20, another solvent having a viscosity that is less than or equal to 1.3, and an electrolyte salt. This battery shows excellent capacity and cycle life characteristics.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrochemical cell having an electrolyte which comprises a solute, a solvent, and an additive. The additive is a dialkylamide. The dialkylamide lessens the extent of decomposition of the solute, which is a lithium salt. The ionic species of the lithium salt are thereby preserved. The additive also prevents damage to active material by absorbing excess charge energy below the breakdown potential of the active material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new sandwich cathode design having two cathode active materials provided on opposite sides of a current collector. The respective active materials are similar in terms of, for example, their rate capability, their energy density, or some other parameter. However, one material may have an advantage over the other in one characteristic, but is disadvantageous in another. The cathode is built in a sandwich configuration having a first one of the active materials sandwiched between two current collectors. Then, the second active material is provided in contact with at least the other side of one of the current collectors, and preferably facing the anode. An exemplary cathode has the following configuration: MnO2/current collector/SVO/current collector/MnO2.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery electrolyte comprising a non-aqueous solvent and a lithium salt dissolved therein, said electrolyte containing at least one compound having the formula (I) or (II): wherein, R1 and R2 independently indicate, a C1 to C12 alkyl group, a C3 to C6 cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group, x indicates an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and n indicates an integer of 1 or 2; R3—S—M  (II) wherein, R3 indicates a C1 to C15 alkyl group or a C3 to C12 cycloalkyl group which may be substituted with at least one C1 to C4 alkyl group, a C7 to C15 benzyl group which may be substituted with at least one C1 to C4 alkyl group, or a C6 to C15 aryl group, which may be substituted with at least one C1 to C4 alkyl group, M indicates an alkali metal, and R3 may be substituted with at least one halogen atom; and a lithium secondary battery using the same.

Abstract: The present comprises an electrode having the configuration: first active material/current collector/second active material. One of the electrode active materials in a cohesive form is incapable of moving through the current collector to the other side thereof. However, in an un-cohesive form, the one electrode active material is capable of communication through the current collector. The other or second active material is in a form in-capable of communication through the current collector, whether it is in a cohesive or un-cohesive powder form. Then, the assembly of first active material/current collector/second active material is pressed from either the direction of the first electrode active material to the second electrode active material, or visa versa.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolytic solution having an electrolyte salt dissolved in an organic solvent, which contains a silicon compound having an unsaturated bond which is represented by formula (I): 1

Abstract: The present invention provides a rechargeable lithium electrochemical cell comprising an electrolyte containing a lithium salt dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent, at least one positive electrode, and at least one negative electrode of the paste type containing an electrochemically active material which is a carbon compound suitable for inserting lithium ions and a binder, the cell being characterized in that said solvent contains at least one saturated cyclic carbonate and at least one linear ester of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, and in that said binder is a polymer having no fluorine.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrochemical cell having an electrolyte which comprises a solute, a solvent, and an additive. The additive is a dialkylamide. The dialkylamide lessens the extent of decomposition of the solute, which is a lithium salt. The ionic species of the lithium salt are thereby preserved. The additive also prevents damage to active material by absorbing excess charge energy below the breakdown potential of the active material.

Abstract: A hybrid polymer electrolyte includes a copolymer matrix of poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(vinylidene chloride) having a plurality of pores, and a solution of an alkali metal salt in an organic solvent entrained in the pores of the copolymer matrix. The pores of the copolymer matrix occupy 10 to 50 volume percent of the hybrid polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrolyte for use in a rechargeable cell whose charging voltage exceeds 3.8 volts includes a redox chemical comprising a substituted aromatic molecule in which &agr; hydrogens are either absent, or are sterically against loss from the ionized form of the molecule. Such as chemical can act as a redox shuttle during overcharge, suppressing damage to the cell and preventing the deposition of metallic lithium during the overcharge of a lithium ion cell, but does not affect normal operation of the cell during either charge or discharge. One such molecule is hexaethyl benzene.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R represents a substituent containing a —(CR1R2—CR3R4—O)n— bond (in which R1 to R4 are independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, n being an integer of 2 to 20); Q represents an atomic group forming an aromatic cation having a 5- or 6-membered ring structure with a nitrogen atom, which may have a substituent; and X− represents an anion. A photoelectric conversion device comprising the electrolyte composition and a photo-electrochemical cell composed thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte. The negative electrode includes a negative active material selected from materials in which lithium intercalation reversibly occur, lithium alloy or lithium metal. The positive electrode includes at least one of elemental sulfur and organosulfur compounds for a positive active material, and an electrically conductive material. The electrolyte includes at least two groups selected from a weak polar solvent group, a strong polar solvent group, and a lithium protection solvent group, where the electrolyte includes at least one or more solvents selected from the same group. The electrolyte may optionally include one or more electrolyte salts.

Abstract: An electrode component for an electrochemical cell or a capacitor is described wherein the electrode is produced by physical vapor depositing an electrode active material onto a substrate to coat the substrate. The thusly produced electrode is useful as a cathode in a primary electrochemical cell and as a cathode and an anode in a secondary cell, and as an electrode in an electrochemical capacitor and an electrolytic capacitor.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemical cell having an electrolyte comprising a solvent and a solute, the solute comprising a lithium salt, and the solvent comprising an organic solvent selected from the group of lactones.