Abstract: Disclosed is a lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode including a material that is capable of reversible intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions as a positive active material; a negative electrode including a material that is capable of reversible intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions as a negative active material; and an electrolyte including a lithium salt, a carbonate-based organic solvent, and an isoxazole compound of the following formula (1): 1

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium battery includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive comprising a) a sulfone-based compound and b) a C3 to C30 organic peroxide or azo-based compound. The electrolyte may further include a poly(ester)(meth)acrylate or a polymer that is derived from a (polyester)polyol with at least three hydroxyl (—OH) groups, where a portion or all of the hydroxyl groups are substituted with a (meth)acrylic ester and the remaining hydroxyl groups that are not substituted with the (meth)acrylic ester are substituted with a group having no radical reactivity. The lithium battery comprising the electrolyte of the present invention has a significantly improved charge-discharge and cycle life characteristics, recovery capacity ratio at high temperature, and swelling inhibition properties.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium-sulfur battery has organic solvents including dimethoxyethane, dioxolane, and diglyme.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technology of inhibiting the decomposition of the solvent of the electrolyte solution for the secondary battery. Further, the present invention provides a technology of prohibiting the resistance increase of the secondary battery and improving the storage properties such as improving the capacity retention ratio. The electrolyte solution 15 comprising non-proton solvent and cyclic sulfonic ester including at least two sulfonyl groups may be used.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a battery comprises LiBOB salt in gamma butyrolactone and a low viscosity solvent. The low viscosity solvent may comprise a nitrile, an ether, a linear carbonate, or a linear ester. This electrolyte is suitable for use in lithium ion batteries having graphite negative electrodes. Batteries using this electrolyte have high conductivity, low polarization, and high discharge capacity.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery including 5 to 40 volume % of at least one fluorine-substituted ether compound represented by R1—O—R2 (wherein R1 and R2 are alkyl groups substituted with fluorine), having a substitution ratio of hydrogen with fluorine of 57 to 86%, a viscosity of 0.9 to 2.3 cp, and a boiling point of at least 88° C., and 60 to 90 volume % of a non-aqueous organic solvent having a flash point of at least 80° C.

Abstract: A new sandwich cathode design having a first cathode active material of a relatively low energy density but of a relatively high rate capability sandwiched between two current collectors and with a second cathode active material having a relatively high energy density but of a relatively low rate capability in contact with the opposite sides of the two current collectors, is described. The present cathode design is relatively safer under short circuit and abuse conditions than cells having a cathode active material of a relatively high rate density but a relatively low energy capability alone. A preferred cathode is: CFx/current collector/SVO/current collector/CFx. The SVO provides the discharge end of life indication since CFx and SVO cathode cells discharge under different voltage profiles. This is useful as an end-of-replacement indicator (ERI) for an implantable medical device, such as a cardiac pacemaker.

Abstract: An improved cathode material for nonaqueous electrolyte lithium electrochemical cell is described. The preferred active material is &egr;-phase silver vanadium oxide (Ag2V4O11) coated with a protective layer of a metal oxide, preferably &ggr;-phase SVO (Ag1.2V3O1.8). The SVO core provides high capacity and rate capability while the protective coating reduces reactivity of the active particles with electrolyte to improve the long-term stability of the cathode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte of polyether poly(N-substituted urethane) comprising an electrolytic compound and a polymer matrix, wherein the polymer matrix is a copolymer comprising polyether unit and polyurethane unit and has 50,000-2,000,000 of a weight average molecular weight, where N-positions of the polyurethane unit are substituted with oligo(ethylene oxide) derivatives which provide flexibility and electrolytic conduction of the polymer matrix by controlling its length, composition, structure and crosslinked degree. Accordingly, the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention provides excellent thermal stability, electrochemical stability and mechanical properties and thus, is suitable for use in polymer secondary batteries and electrochemical devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of salt-based compounds as additives in electrolytes for improvinq the properties of electrochemical cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are oxidizer-treated lithium electrodes, battery cells containing such oxidizer-treated lithium electrodes, battery cell electrolytes containing oxidizing additives, and methods of treating lithium electrodes with oxidizing agents and battery cells containing such oxidizer-treated lithium electrodes. Battery cells containing SO2 as an electrolyte additive in accordance with the present invention exhibit higher discharge capacities after cell storage over cells not containing SO2. Pre-treating the lithium electrode with SO2 gas prior to battery assembly prevented cell polarization. Moreover, the SO2 treatment does not negatively impact sulfur utilization and improves the lithium's electrochemical function as the negative electrode in the battery cell.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery including an electrode assembly composed of positive and negative electrode plates wound up spirally with a separator and disposed in a cell casing filled with electrolyte containing lithium salt dissolved in organic solvent wherein the cell casing is provided with a current interrupt device for cutting off a charge current of the battery when an internal gas pressure of the battery exceeds a predetermined value, and wherein the organic solvent contains aklylbenzene derivative or cycloalkylbenzene derivative having tertiary carbon adjacent a phenyl group.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the invention comprises a non-aqueous electrolyte which contains a chain carbonic ester having a hydrocarbon group with carbon number varied from 4 to 12 and a hydrocarbon group with carbon number varied from 1 to 12, a non-aqueous solvent and a lithium salt; wherein the non-aqueous solvent contains ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or gamma-butyrolactone, and the sum of volume ratios of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and gamma-butyrolactone in the non-aqueous solvent is 80% or more.

Abstract: A lithium battery with improved safety that utilizes one or more additives in the battery electrolyte solution wherein a lithium salt is dissolved in an organic solvent, which may contain propylene, carbonate. For example, a blend of 2 wt % triphenyl phosphate (TPP), 1 wt % diphenyl monobutyl phosphate (DMP) and 2 wt % vinyl ethylene carbonate additives has been found to significantly enhance the safety and performance of Li-ion batteries using a LiPF6 salt in EC/DEC electrolyte solvent. The invention relates to both the use of individual additives and to blends of additives such as that shown in the above example at concentrations of 1 to 4-wt % in the lithium battery electrolyte. This invention relates to additives that suppress gas evolution in the cell, passivate graphite electrode and protect it from exfoliating in the presence of propylene carbonate solvents in the electrolyte, and retard flames in the lithium batteries.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention includes a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt, a cyclic sultone derivative, and an acid anhydride, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte contains the cyclic sultone derivative in an amount of 0.3 to 3% by mass and the non-aqueous electrolyte contains the acid anhydride in an amount of 0.3 to 3% by mass. Furthermore, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery includes at least one selected from a cyclic sultone derivative and an acid anhydride, and an electrolyte salt. The electrolyte salt contains lithium salt A and lithium salt B. The lithium salt A is at least one selected from LiBF4, LiPF6, LiAsF6, and LiSbF6, and the lithium salt B is a lithium salt other than the lithium salt A. The electrolyte contains the lithium salt A in an amount of 2 mol % or more.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor, which is advantageous not only in that both electric conductivity and withstand voltage property are high, but also in that thermal stability is excellent, and an electrolytic capacitor using the electrolyte. Specifically, the present invention provides an electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor, comprising a solvent, at least one quaternary amidinium salt selected from the group consisting of a quaternary amidinium salt of a hydroxy-substituted aromatic monocarboxylic acid and a quaternary amidinium salt of phthalic acid, and metal oxide particles, and an electrolytic capacitor using the electrolyte.

Abstract: An improved cathode material for nonaqueous electrolyte lithium electrochemical cell is described. The preferred active material is silver vanadium oxide (SVO) coated with a protective layer of an inert metal oxide (MxOy) or lithiated metal oxide (LixMyOz). The SVO core provides high capacity and rate capability while the protective coating reduces reactivity of the active particles with electrolyte to improve the long-term stability of the cathode.

Abstract: A new cathode design has a first cathode active material of a relatively low energy density but of a relatively high rate capability contacted to the outer sides of first and second cathode current collectors and a second cathode active material having a relatively high energy density but of a relatively low rate capability in contact with the inner sides of the current collectors. The first and second current collectors have a thickness in the range of from about 0.001 inches to about 0.002 inches. A conventional Li/SVO cell powering an implantable medical device has the cathode with a current collector of about 0.003 inches. Even though the present current collectors are about one-half as thick as that of a conventional cell, their combined thickness means that the cell has no reduction in current carrying capacity.

Abstract: A new cathode design has a first cathode active material of a relatively low energy density but of a relatively high rate capability contacted to the outer sides of first and second cathode current collectors and a second cathode active material having a relatively high energy density but of a relatively low rate capability in contact with the inner sides of the current collectors. The second cathode active material has a greater peripheral extend than the current collectors and the opposed layers of the first cathode active material between which it is sandwiched. This construction helps prevent delamination by promoting improved contact of the respective active materials to the current collectors. The present cathode design is useful for powering an implantable medical device requiring a high rate discharge application.

Abstract: A new cathode design has a first cathode active material of a relatively low energy density but of a relatively high rate capability contacted to a first cathode current collector and a second cathode active material having a relatively high energy density but of a relatively low rate capability in contact with a second cathode current collector, is described. The first and second cathode current collectors are connected to a common terminal lead. The present cathode design is useful for powering an implantable medical device requiring a high rate discharge application.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a high voltage, highly conductive electrolyte for use in electrolytic capacitors and to an electrolytic capacitor impregnated with the electrolyte of the present invention for use in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The electrolyte according to the present invention is composed of a two solvent mixture of ethylene glycol and N-methylformamide; a combination of hypophosphorous acid, boric acid and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid of carbon chain length from eight to twelve, such as azelaic, sebacic, or brassylic acid; an amine including ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, diethylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, or triethanolamine; and a nitro-substituted aromatic compound as a degassing agent, such as 3′-nitroacetophenone. Anhydrous ammonia may also be added to neutralize the solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, comprising an electrode group including a positive electrode, a negative electrode including a material for absorbing-desorbing lithium ions, and a separator arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte impregnated in the electrode group and including a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium salt dissolved in the nonaqueous solvent, and a jacket for housing the electrode group and having a thickness of 0.3 mm or less, wherein the nonaqueous solvent &ggr;-butyrolactone in an amount larger than 50% by volume and not larger than 95% by volume based on the total amount of the nonaqueous solvent.

Abstract: Provided are a nonaqueous electrolyte for improving battery safety by suppressing risks associated with the battery becoming overcharged as a result of certain uncontrolled conditions and a lithium battery with improved overcharge safety. The nonaqueous electrolyte includes an organic solvent, a lithium salt, and a biphenylene oxide based compound.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte has electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, wherein the ratio of the nonaqueous solvent having a ring structure is 50 wt % or more in all nonaqueous electrolyte solution components and the nonaqueous solvent includes at least one or more kinds of halogenated solvents expressed by a below-described general formula (1).

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes positive and negative electrodes, a separator, a nonaqueous electrolyte provided by dissolving a lithium salt in a nonaqueous solvent.

Abstract: There are disclosed a non-aqueous electrolyte which comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt, and further contains a compound represented by the following formula (I): 1

Abstract: The present invention achieves an increased capacity and prolonged life of nonaqueous electrolyte batteries of the type in which light metals, such as magnesium, calcium or aluminum, are used in the negative electrode. The present invention also provides a thermally stable nonaqueous electrolytic solution for use with such batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery in accordance with the present invention includes a positive electrode; a negative electrode containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, calcium and magnesium; and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution composed of a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and an alkyl sulfone having a structure represented by R1R2SO2, where R1 and R2 are each independently an alkyl group, and at least one type of salt selected from the group consisting of aluminum salt, calcium salt and magnesium salt.

Abstract: Batteries including a lithium anode stabilized with a metal-lithium alloy and battery cells comprising such anodes are provided. In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell having an anode and a sulfur electrode including at least one of elemental sulfur, lithium sulfide, and a lithium polysulfide is provided. The anode includes a lithium core and an aluminum-lithium alloy layer over the lithium core. In another embodiment, a surface coating, which is effective to increase cycle life and storageability of the electrochemical cell, is formed on the anode. In a more particular embodiment, the anode is in an electrolyte solution, and, more particularly, an electrolyte solution including either elemental sulfur, a sulfide, or a polysulfide where the surface coating is composed of Al2S3.

Abstract: To improve an impregnation property of an electrolyte and the cycle characteristics, which have been a problem in the case of employing a casing having a variable shape.

Abstract: The negative electrode or anode for a secondary electrochemical cell comprising a mixture of graphite or “hairy carbon” and a lithiated metal oxide, a lithiated mixed metal oxide or a lithiated metal sulfide, and preferably a lithiated metal vanadium oxide, is described. A most preferred formulation is graphite mixed with lithiated silver vanadium oxide or lithiated copper silver vanadium oxide.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte electric double-layer capacitor which has superior resistance to deterioration and superior properties at low temperatures while maintaining electrical characteristics such as sufficient electric conductivity and the like, and a non-aqueous electrolyte of the capacitor has low surface resistance. A first aspect of the non-aqueous electrolyte electric double-layer capacitor has a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte which contains at least 2% by volume to less than 20% by volume of phosphazene derivative and a supporting electrolyte. A second aspect thereof has the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the non-aqueous electrolyte which contains at least 20% by volume of phosphazene derivative and the supporting electrolyte.

Abstract: A discharge capacity retention of a non-aqueous secondary battery is enhanced by incorporating into its non-aqueous electrolytic solution a small amount of a substituted diphenyldisulfide derivative in which each of the diphenyl groups has a substituent such as alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkyloxy, aryloxy, acyloxy, alkanesulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, halogen, CF3, CCl3, or CBr3. Preferably, a small amount of methyl 2-propylcarbonate, 2-propynyl methanesulfonate, 1,3-propanesultone, divinylsulfone, 1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate or cyclohexylbenzene is further incorporated.

Abstract: Improved electrolytes for application in electrical storage devices, such as batteries and capacitors, electrochromic display and other applications requiring tonically conductive medium are disclosed. The electrolytes of the invention contain organic cation salts, also called ionic liquids or molten salts. These improved electrolytes have useful characteristics such as high thermal stability and reduced flammability.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium-sulfur battery having one solvent having a dielectric constant that is greater than or equal to 20, another solvent having a viscosity that is less than or equal to 1.3, and an electrolyte salt. This battery shows excellent capacity and cycle life characteristics.

Abstract: A new sandwich cathode design having a first cathode active material of a relatively low energy density but of a relatively high rate capability sandwiched between two current collectors and with a second cathode active material having a relatively high energy density but of a relatively low rate capability in contact with the opposite sides of the two current collectors, is described. The present cathode design is relatively safer under short circuit and abuse conditions than cells having a cathode active material of a relatively high energy density but a relatively low rate capability alone. A preferred cathode is: CFx/current collector/SVO/current collector/CFx. The SVO provides the discharge end of life indication since CFx and SVO cathode cells discharge under different voltage profiles. This is useful as an end-of-replacement indicator (ERI) for an implantable medical device, such as a cardiac pacemaker.

Abstract: A new sandwich cathode design is provided comprising a cathode active material mixed with a binder and a conductive diluent in at least two differing formulations. The formulations are then individually pressed on opposite sides of a current collector, so that both are in direct contact with the current collector. Preferably, the active formulation on the side of the current collector facing the anode is of a lesser percentage of the active material than that on the opposite side of the current collector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of removing water and a free acids content in an electrolytic solution for a lithium battery, and to an electrolytic solution for a lithium battery having a low water content and acids content. The present method is characterized by comprising steps of (a) leading an inert gas through the solvent having a water content of 100 ppm or lower under heating of the solvent to vaporize water together with the solvent to thereby reduce the water content of the solvent, and (b) dissolving the lithium electrolyte in the solvent while maintaining a temperature of the solvent at 20° C. or lower. The present method can make the water content at most 3 ppm and the free acids content less than 1 ppm.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium-sulfur battery that includes a first component solvent with a sulfur solubility greater than or equal to 20 mM, a second component solvent with a sulfur solubility less than 20 mM, a third component solvent with a high dielectric constant and a high viscosity, and an electrolyte salt. This battery shows excellent capacity and cycle life characteristics.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte. The negative electrode includes a negative active material selected from materials in which lithium intercalation reversibly occur, lithium alloy or lithium metal. The positive electrode includes at least one of elemental sulfur and organosulfur compounds for a positive active material, and an electrically conductive material. The electrolyte includes at least two groups selected from a weak polar solvent group, a strong polar solvent group, and a lithium protection solvent group, where the electrolyte includes at least one or more solvents selected from the same group. The electrolyte may optionally include one or more electrolyte salts.

Abstract: A high performance lithium-sulfur battery cell includes the following features: (a) a negative electrode including a metal or an ion of the metal; (b) a positive electrode comprising an electronically conductive material; and (c) a liquid catholyte including a solvent and dissolve electrochemically active material comprising sulfur in the form of at least one of a sulfide of the metal and a polysulfide of the metal. Such battery cells are characterized by an energy density, calculated based upon a laminate weight, of at least about 400 Watt-hours/kilogram when discharged at a rate of at least 0.1 mA/cm2. Cells meeting these criteria often find use as primary cells.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprising a medium rate electrode region intended to be discharged under a substantially constant drain and a high rate electrode region intended to be pulse discharged, is described. Both electrode regions share a common anode and are activated with the same electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode electrode containing a lithium complex oxide; an anode electrode containing metal lithium or its alloy, or carbon material; and a nonaquaeous organic electrolyte containing a nonaquaeous organic solvent, a lithium salt and an aromatic ether that can react to form dimers or polymers above a certain temperature and voltage and that can be expressed by Formula 1 below.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one phosphate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and an alkyl phosphate additive.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel polar solvents and novel electrolytic compositions comprising such solvents, and having a high range of stability, as required for applications in the field of electrochemistry. The present solvents have a highly polar amide function, and preferably combine with a salt soluble in the solvent and having an anion with a delocalized charge, and at least one polymer, to form an electrolytic composition.

Abstract: Novel sulfonylimide and sulfonylmethide compounds are described which are useful as conductive salts. Also described is the use of the above compounds in salt form in battery electrolytes, particular salts having mixed perfluorocarbon and hydrocarbon groups or having all hydrocarbon groups. The above salts are less expensive to produce and still exhibit excellent conductivity and low corrosivity.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery having improved storage stability is disclosed. The battery includes a positive electrode; s negative electrode in which the active material is lithium or a compound capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium; and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing an organic solvent, at least 10 wt % of which is dioxolane, a solute and a storage stabilizing additive which is an oxygen acid ester, isoxazole, oxazole or oxazoline or a derivative thereof. The additive reduces the self-discharge rate of the battery during storage.

Abstract: Disclosed are dioxolane-treated lithium electrodes, battery cells containing such dioxolane-treated lithium electrodes, battery cell electrolytes containing dioxolane, and methods of treating lithium electrodes with dioxolane and battery cells containing such dioxolane-treated lithium electrodes. Treating lithium with dioxolane prevents the lithium from reacting with a wide range of substances which can contaminate battery cells, particularly moisture and other protic impurities, that might otherwise react with the lithium to the detriment of its function as a negative electrode in a battery cell. Battery cells containing dioxolane as an electrolyte co-solvent in accordance with the present invention exhibit improved cycling performance over cells not containing dioxolane. Moreover, the dioxolane treatment does not negatively impact sulfur utilization and improves the lithium's electrochemical function as the negative electrode in the battery cell.

Abstract: A lithium ion electrochemical cell having high charge/discharge capacity, long cycle life and exhibiting a reduced first cycle irreversible capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one phosphate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a solvent mixture that includes ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The preferred additive is an alkyl phosphate compound.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of hydrogen fluoride to the nonaqueous electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and hydrogen fluoride having LiAsF.sub.6 or LiPF.sub.6 dissolved therein.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one phosphate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and an alkyl phosphate additive.