Abstract: A light control sheet capable of scattering an incident light of particular incident angle is produced by a method composed of preparing a film of a composition containing at least two photopolymerizable components having different refractive indexes, irradiating on the film a light from a particular direction, and obtaining a cured film of the light control sheet product. Such other light control sheets as capable of scattering a plurality of incident lights each of particular incident angle are obtained by modification of the above-mentioned method.

Abstract: The methods and apparatus disclosed herein provide commercially viable means to selectively improve the input and output characteristics of photosensitive materials, especially the output contrast variables. The present invention allows commercially available photosensitive material such as the high contrast Ilford Cibachrome Copy CCO Paper.RTM. to display dramatically improved color balance and contrast range characteristics when making reproductions from slides or prints. Recreational, professional and military photo duplication techniques are greatly improved by the present invention.

Abstract: Spatial phase modulating transparent masks comprising two or more portions having two different optical paths and their production processes are disclosed. The transparent masks are particularly useful as an exposure mask in the production of phase-shifted, distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor lasers for a single-mode operation. A process for the formation of phase-shifted diffraction gratings or corrugations which comprises exposing a substrate, through the above transparent mask, to exposure radiation is also disclosed. According to the present invention, the phase-shifted diffraction gratings can be easily and directly produced with a high accuracy and reliability.

Abstract: Process for production of photographic masks for tonal correction by dry dot etching comprising exposing a mask film, e.g., positive film, behind a film combination of half-tone positives and negatives that contains at least one pair of a positive and a negative of the same color separation, said pair being separated from one another by a spacer film, e.g., transparent, matt film, etc. The half-tone values at the points to be corrected are in the range of 30-70%.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, comprising a light-transmitting conductive support having provided thereon a light-transmitting electrophotographic photosensitive layer, said support having further provided on the side opposite to the photosensitive layer a light scattering layer comprising an inorganic fine powder and a binder or a light absorbing layer comprising a near infrared absorbing dye and a binder. The photoreceptor can provide a sharp image free from interference fringe-like non-uniformity of density even when a laser is used as a light source of exposure.

Abstract: A process for the irradiation of topaz and the product resulting therefrom is described whereby the colorless or pale-colored topaz is immersed in a high energy neutron environment at an exposure level sufficient to bring some color to the topaz gemstone, then irradiating the topaz gemstone with electrons at an exposure level in the range of approximately 1,000 to 10,000 megarads to produce a remarkable and enhanced "American" blue color. The purpose of such a process is to enhance the value of the preferred relatively "normal" sky-blue topaz gemstone by moderately deepening the blueness of the color of the topaz gemstone to a relatively "rare" and more desirable blue color such as "American Blue" or "Super Sky Blue". A further step of heating the topaz to about a temperature in the range of from 250 to 900 degrees Fahrenheit for periods of from about one to six hours may also be used to further enhance the color of the topaz following electron bombardment.

Abstract: An antigen-covered substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet light through a mask after which the exposed areas are rendered no longer antigenic. The unexposed areas retain their antigenic behavior and are available for the occurrence and detection of an immunological reaction.

Abstract: A light receiving member comprising an intermediate layer between a substrate of a metal of an alloy having a reflective surface and a photosensitive member, the reflective surface of said substrate forming a light-diffusing reflective surface, and the surface of said intermediate layer forming a rough surface. A light receiving member comprising a subbing layer having a light-diffusing reflective surface with an average surface roughness of half or more of the wavelength of the light source for image exposure provided between an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A method for constructing an optical filter for use in a holographic scanner includes exposing a photographic film to a laser, developing the film and reinserting the developed film into the unexpanded output beam of the laser to provide a uniform illumination of the outputted beam. The filter is positioned in the reference beam in the construction of a hologram used in the holographic scanner.

Abstract: Photosensitive element for forming a lithographic negative which comprises a support bearing a dry photosensitive layer consisting essentially of an intimate mixture of colloidal metal particles, e.g., silver, etc., colloid binder, free radical producing compound, and mercaptan compound, e.g., 2-mercaptobenzoxazole. A two layer photosensitive element embodiment comprises on a support a lower dry colloidal layer having dispersed colloidal metal particles and an upper dry layer consisting essentially of free-radical producing compound and a mercaptan compound. The elements are exposed imagewise, bleached, rinsed, and optionally fixed.

Abstract: An irreversible phototropic material consists of a plasticized matrix in which is suspended a phototropic transition metal salt and an additive which inhibits the production of haze in the phototropic material. Generally the additive is a substance which inhibits the reduction of the transition metal in the transition metal salt from a higher to a lower oxidation level. Suitable substances include chelating agents such as oxalic acid, ethylenediamine and EDTA, and oxidizing agents, such as chromium trioxide. The transition metal salt is preferably copper (II) chloride or a mixture of copper (II) chloride and bromide, while the matrix is preferably polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride/polyvinylidene chloride copolymer.These phototropic materials may be used in protective devices, such as goggles and windows, to protect objects or subjects against intense radiation.

Abstract: A diffusing plate having a smooth rough surface is obtained by recording on a photosensitive material the image of a mask having a regular fine pattern thereon, treating the photosensitive material to thereby obtain a photosensitive material having smooth roughness, transferring the smooth roughness of the treated photosensitive material to a metal mold, and embossing plastics on the metal mold.

Abstract: Coating for infrared transparency films and thermally imageable films and films prepared with such coating. The coating comprises a copolymer formed from (a) at least one fluorocarbon monomer and (b) at least one monomer which imparts hardness to the copolymer. The coating serves to prevent the transfer of toner powder from an original which is in actuality an electrophotographic copy to the transparency film. The copolymer may contain from about 12 percent to about 85 percent fluorocarbon monomer, the remainder being the monomer which imparts hardness to the coating. Suitable monomers for imparting hardness to the copolymer include acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, methacrylamides, acrylonitriles, methacrylonitriles, and styrenes.

Abstract: A collimator (21, 38, 38A) transmits intercepted X rays or the like along an array of predetermined spaced apart paths (22, 22A), which may be parallel or convergent, while absorbing intercepted radiation which is traveling in other directions. A laminated construction of the collimator provides for an extremely large number of very minute and closely spaced radiation passages (42, 42A) which may have a noncircular cross section to increase transmissivity. The laminated construction also reduces the amount of heavy and sometimes costly radiation absorbent material required in the collimator, enables precise control of the transmitted radiation paths and facilitates the establishing of a desired focal point for the paths. Photoetching techniques, including optical image reduction, are used in the manufacture of the collimator laminations. In some variations of the method, the radiation absorbent material is plated onto the laminations.

Abstract: Radiation is directed toward a support through an ordered array of lateral walls to form interlaid radiation-exposed and shadowed microareas on the support. A first composition is then located on the support in either the shadowed or unshadowed microareas. At least one additional composition is then positioned on the support in laterally displaced microareas forming an interlaid pattern with the first microareas.

Abstract: A color filter element comprising at least two differently colored sets of color arrays and having a barrier layer separating the sets to prevent color contamination between the sets is disclosed. The barrier layer is an optically clear polymerized, crosslinked hexaalkoxymethylmelamine monomer. The element is useful in color imaging devices.

Abstract: A photographic image-processing method which is capable of obtaining, from negative and positive films having an image whose density is in continuous gradation, a linear image representing the contour of that image. This method comprises the step of sandwiching a light scattering film between the negative and positive films in registration, thereby making a mask, and exposing a photographic paper to light at a right angle by way of the mask which is placed on the photographic paper, with a result that the light which passes through the light transmissive portion of the negative film is subjected to course alteration by the scattering film is order to pass through the light transmissive portion of the positive film, with a result that a linear contour image of the original image is formed on the photographic paper.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transparency, a method for forming it and a photographic mask having variations in optical density corresponding to deviations of a surface contour from a plane of an original surface. The transparency is a composite two layer, transparent, preferably resinous structure with a contoured interface between the layers. The transparency may be made by forming a first conformed transparent layer on the contoured surface of a substrate. A second conformed transparent layer is then formed on the contoured surface of the first transparent layer. One of said first or second transparent layers is uniformly colored, the other of said layers may be uncolored, or have a less intense, uniform, similar, or different color. Each of the layers has a refractive index substantially equal to that of the other layer at all points. Light may be passed through the transparency in substantially unrefracted rays, and in amounts related to the thickness of the most intensely colored layer.

Abstract: Photographic elements, multicolor filters and receivers are disclosed having supports providing microvessels for materials such as radiation-sensitive materials, imaging materials, mordants, silver precipitating agents and materials which are useful in conjunction with these materials. Processes of forming microvessels and introducing materials therein are also disclosed. Processes of forming images are disclosed employing microvessel containing elements. Image transfer processes are disclosed for producing one or a combination of silver and multicolor subtractive primary images alone or in combination with multicolor additive primary images.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a photomask having at least three distinct zones of light transmissibility is disclosed. A first mask is made from a predetermined pattern, this mask having only two distinct zones of light transmissibility. A second mask, made by contact printing of a diazo film, is formed from a selected portion of one zone of the original pattern, which zone has the greater light transmissibility. The second mask, being a contact print, is the photographic opposite of the first. The two masks are then aligned with the selected portion of the second mask superimposed over its original location in the first mask and a composite latent image thereof is formed in a suitable emulsion. This composite image is then developed and fixed on an appropriate support to form a photomask having at least three density zones.

Abstract: A photomask-forming photographic material which comprises a transparent support having a masking layer thereon, the masking layer having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer either directly or on at least one subbing layer on the masking layer.

Abstract: A method of making a grid for a cathode-ray tube includes the process of etching an electrically conductive base member of a first material from two sides through related openings in electrically conductive layers of a second material which overlays the two sides of the base material. Etching continues until an aperture of sufficient size is formed that the overlying layers overhang the aperture in the base member.

Abstract: A color filter array for a solid-state imaging device is disclosed. The color filter array is of the "wash-off" type wherein the individual filter elements are formed by dyeing tiny islands of a dyeable composition. As a barrier layer, the color filter array of the present disclosure uses a photocrosslinkable dye-impermeable polymer. The barrier is coated over a set of filter elements. A method of making the described solid-state device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing prints having continuous tone gradation which includes the steps of selectively placing solvents on a semi-opaque substrate having a surface altering the surface of the substrate enabling the substrate to hold a colorant, placing colorant on the areas of the substrate so treated, thereby producing continuous tone gradations, transferring an image of the continuous tone gradation substrate onto a conventional print plate and printing prints from the print plate. The steps of transferring can be done either by direct contact printing or by an intermediate conventional negative. The most preferred embodiment includes ethyl alcohol as the solvent, cellulose acetate as the substrate and india ink as the colorant. Multicolor prints can be made from varying density print plates produced by differing exposure times of transferring the image and overprinting the plates using differing inks.

Abstract: A rotating diaphragm is used to distribute a predetermined amount of light onto a light-sensitive phosphor layer on a glass faceplate in order to obtain sharp-edged phosphor stripes.

Abstract: A color solid-state imager comprises a semiconductor body over which are successively laminated a predetermined number of filter layers of any desired shape having predetermined spectral characteristics and, laminated on the filter layers, a predetermined number of layers composed of a transparent, organic high molecular material which is sensitive to radiation, the semiconductor substrate having at least a detector portion composed of an array of a plurality of optical detector elements. The method of making color solid-state imagers can be simplified by at least using the radiation-sensitive high molecular material for the intermediate layers or protection layers which are used for forming a laminate construction of color-decomposing filters.Further, in mounting the color-decomposing filters on the semiconductor substrate, it is particularly preferred to form beforehand a film of an organic high molecular material.

Abstract: Negative and positive films for use in multi-color printing are prepared by a process which utilizes crystals and interstices therebetween in color-separation negatives for multi-color printing without the use of half-tone screens. Exposure through masks of controlled density ranges relative to the color-separation negatives and positives prepared from the color original result in final negatives and positives as well as duplication negatives and positives which can be utilized in the multi-color printing process.

Abstract: An improved color filter array comprises a transparent heat-transfer dye-receiving layer containing an array of filter elements wherein the dye-receiving layer is a certain polyester wherein at least 30 mole percent of the recurring units contain a saturated gem-bivalent radical having a saturated polycyclic three-dimensional structure that includes a saturated bicyclic atomic bridge hydrocarbon ring member. The improved dye-receiving layers provide filter elements with excellent edge sharpness. The improved color filter arrays are useful in color imaging devices, such as solid-state video cameras.

Abstract: An orange colored photomask visually transmissive to yellow-orange light formed by heating an exposed and developed silver-halide emulsion coated photomask. At approximately 200.degree. C., black silver in the photomask begins to show evidence of conversion to a transparent red material. At a temperature of 250.degree. C. to 320.degree. C., the black silver opaque images are rapidly converted to orange, visually transmissive images which are essentially opaque to the ultraviolet light used to expose photoresist covered silicon wafers, while clear areas remain clear.