Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an organic compound from manure, including the steps of:i) concentrating the manure to form a vapor;ii) condensing said vapor to form a condensate;iii) adding to said condensate micro-organisms which are capable of producing the organic compound; andiv) separating from the condensate the organic compound produced by the micro-organisms.These micro-organisms comprise species of the genera Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Escherichia, Microbacterium, Micrococcus and Pseudomonas.

Abstract: A basic L-amino acid and an acidic L-amino acid may be concurrently produced by either culturing a basic L-amino acid-producing bacteria under conditions for producing an acidic L-amino acid or mix-culturing a basic L-amino acid-producing bacteria and an acidic L-amino acid-producing bacteria.

Abstract: A process for producing L-valine by fermentation which comprises culturing in a liquid culture medium an L-valine producing microorganism which belongs to the genus Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium and which is resistant to a polyketide, and then recovering L-valine accumulated in said culture medium.

Abstract: A method for producing L-threonine by fermentation which comprises culturing in a culture medium a microorganism of the genus Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium which is resistant to mycophenolic acid and is capable of producing L-threonine, accumulating L-threonine in the medium, and then recovering the L-threonine accumulated therein.

Abstract: A fermentative process for producing L-lysine is disclosed. The process is based on growing in a culture medium a mutant strain of the genus Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium (1) capable of producing L-lysine, and (2) having an intensified superoxide dismutase activity.

Abstract: A bacterial strain of Escherichia coli BKIIM B-3996, a producere of L-threonine, containing a recombinant plasmid pVIC40 and deposited on Nov. 19, 1987 in the collection of microorganism cultures at the USSR Antibiotics Research Institute under Reg. No. 1867.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing an L-amino acid, which entails culturing bacteria producing the L-amino acid in a medium containing cane molasses, sucrose or glucose as a main carbon source and containing at least one substance selected from the group consisting of N-methylglycine, N,N-dimethylglycine, N,N,N-trimethylglycine and (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium in an amount effective to enhance the yield of the L-amino acid; and harvesting the L-amino acid, and wherein the L-amino acid is selected from the group consisting of L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, L-glutamine, L-arginine, L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-threonine, L-histidine, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan, L-serine, L-ornithine, L-citrulline, L-tyrosine and L-leucine.

Abstract: A method for producing L-threonine, which comprises subjecting at least L- or DL-aspartic acid or a salt thereof to enzymatic reaction according to the reaction system not accompanied with growth of microorganism cells in an aqueous solution in the presence of a microorganism and collecting L-threonine formed, wherein the microorganism is a biotin-requiring microorganism for the growth belonging to coryneform bacterium; a plasmid comprising a DNA fragment containing at least a gene encoding biosynthesis of threonine which can be expressed within a biotin-requiring microorganism cell for the growth belonging to coryneform bacterium and a DNA fragment containing a gene encoding autonomous replication within coryneform bacterium cell; and a biotin-requiring microorganism for the growth belonging to coryneform bacterium which has been transformed with the plasmid described above, both of which are employed in the present method.

Abstract: A stable composition containing 35 to 48% lysine sulphate for animal nutrition is prepared by culturing a lysine-producing microorganism in a culture medium and adding sulfuric acid or ammonium sulphate during culturing to convert lysine as it is formed to lysine sulphate. The culture medium contains ammonia and ammonium sulphate, and a carbon source selected from glucose, sucrose and starch hydrolyzates in an amount such that the total weight ratio of fermentable substances/solids is greater than 80%. The concentration of the carbon source is maintained at 5 to 15 g/liter and ammonia is added during culturing to maintain an ammonium ion concentration of 1 to 5 g/liter. After allowing concentration of the carbon source to fall to less than 2 g/liter, culturing is stopped and the resultant cultured medium is concentrated and dried. The composition has good stability in moist air and preferably has a microporosity of about 0.3 cm.sup.3 /g and a surface area of about 0.5 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A method for the fermentative production of L-isoleucine from D,L-.alpha.-hydroxybutyrate by means of mutants of the genus Corynbecaterium which utilize D-lactate.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for the preparation of L-amino acids of general Formula I ##STR1## wherein A means the residue of an amino acid molecule, from D,L-aminonitriles of general Formula II ##STR2## wherein A has the meaning given above, characterized by fermenting the .alpha.-aminonitriles with a culture of Actinetobacter calcoaceticus DSM 3875 and reacting the thus-obtained D,L-amino acid amides of general Formula III ##STR3## wherein A has the meaning given above, with a culture of a microorganism containing amino acid amide racemases and L-amino acid amide amidases.

Abstract: Microorganisms belonging to the genus Providencia the species rettgeri at least leucine for the growth thereof, produce L-threonine by fermentation in higher yield and with increased amount of L-threonine accumulated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producicng L-threonine, which comprises culturing in a medium a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia and having a resistance to cysteine or cystine, or their analogue and an ability to produce L-threonine until L-threonine is accumulated in the culture broth, and recovering L-threonine therefrom.

Abstract: A process for the production of L-threonine, comprising cultivating a mutant bacterial species belonging to the genus Brevibacterium from which dihydrodipicolinate synthase has been deleted or removed in a liquid medium; accumulating the L-threonine as a product of cultivation; and harvesting the L-threonine from the culture medium.

Abstract: Process is described for the production of L-amino acids of general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 means an alkyl radical with at most 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted by hydroxy groups, mercapto groups, halogen atoms, amino groups, carbonyl groups or guanidino groups and/or interrupted by oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms or sulfur atoms, and in the case of mercapto compounds of formula I also their dithio compounds, characterized in that the microorganism Nocardia spec. DSM 3306 or its enzymes are allowed to act on a D,L-imidazolidinedione derivative of general formula II ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 has the above-named meaning or, in the case of mercapto compounds of formula II, also in their dithio compounds.

Abstract: The 5-substituted hydantoins represented below can be transformed into D-.alpha.-amino acids by the use of the cultured broth, cells or treated cells of the genus Hansenula:5-substituted hydantoins: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl, substituted alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl group.D-.alpha.-amino acids: ##STR2## wherein R represents the same meanings as above.

Abstract: The preparation of an L-amino acid, particularly valine, leucine, isoleucine, alanine and phenylalanine, from the corresponding .alpha.-keto carboxylic acid by bacterial fermentation in the presence of ammonium ions is carried out with the aid of thermophilic Bacillus strains at temperatures above 45.degree. C., in particular above 60.degree. C. Bacillus strains DSM 406, 452, 461, 42, 463, 465 and 466 are particularly suitable for this purpose. The greater solubility of the amino acid at the elevated fermentation temperature permits the separation out of the amino acid from the reaction mixture simply by cooling, whereafter the depleted reaction mixture can be pumped back into the fermenter. Especially favorable yields are achieved by supplying oxygen to the fermenter to an amount of less than about 20% dissolved oxygen.

Abstract: A method for producting L-threonine is described, comprising subjecting L- or DL-homoserine to enzymatic reaction in an aqueous medium in the presence of cells of biotin-requiring microorganisms belonging to the genus Brevibacterium and harvesting L-threonine from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing L-threonine, the process involves culturing in a medium a microorganism of the genus Escherichia capable of producing L-threonine which has resistance to at least one of rifampicin, lysine, methionine, aspartic acid and homoserine, or a decreased ability to degrade L-threonine, accumulating L-threonine in the culture liquor and recovering L-threonine therefrom.

Abstract: A process for recovering a high-purity L-amino acid from a fermentation liquor obtained by fermentation or an enzymic method, which comprises removing the impurities contained in said fermentation liquor by passing said fermentation liquor through an ultrafilter membrane and then through an ion-exchange or adsorbent resin; concentrating or cooling the effluent thus obtained to result in crystallization of said L-amino acid, and isolating said crystalline L-amino acid from said fermentation liquor.

Abstract: A process for recovering a high-purity L-amino acid from a fermentation liquor obtained by fermentation or an enzymic method, which comprises removing the impurities contained in said fermentation liquor by passing said fermentation liquor through an ultrafilter membrane and then through an ion-exchange or adsorbent resin; concentrating or cooling the effluent thus obtained to result in crystallization of said L-amino acid, and isolation said crystalline L-amino acid from said fermentation liquor.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing L-threonine, the process involves culturing in a medium a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia and having resistance to rifampicin, lysine, methionine, aspartic acid and homoserine, accumulating L-threonine in the culture and recovirng L-threonine therefrom.

Abstract: A method for producing an L-amino acid, which comprises inserting a gene which codes for an enzyme which is utilized on the route of biosynthesis of an L-amino acid product into one of at least two plasmid vectors which have compatible replicating origins different from each other, inserting a second gene which codes for an enzyme different from the first enzyme on the route of biosynthesis of the L-amino acid into a second of the plasmid vectors; introducing the thus obtained recombinant plasmids into a strain of Coryneform bacteria; and culturing the thus transformed strain which is capable of producing the L-amino acid, said two enzymes being highly rate determining enzymes for the biosynthesis of L-amino acid.

Abstract: A substantial elevation of the space-time yield is achieved in the preparation of D-.alpha.-amino acids by means of the biotransformation of hydantoins which are monosubstituted in the 5-position in an aqueous medium in the presence of cells of the microorganism Agrobacterium radiobacter if the biotransformation is carried out under a elevated pressure at the start of the reaction. A further improvement results if this elevated pressure is maintained for a period of at least 16 hours, then removed and the biotransformation continued at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A process for producing L-lysine is disclosed in which a recombinant vector, a DNA fragment of which contains a gene involved in the synthesis of dihydropicolinic acid synthetase, is used to transform a microorganism of the genus Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium. The transformant is then cultured in a medium which supports the accumulation of L-lysine. Subsequently the L-lysine is recovered from the culture broth.

Abstract: A recombinant DNA molecule comprising a plasmid vector having operationally inserted therein a gene coding for homoserine kinase is disclosed along with bacteria containing this recombinant DNA molecule and methods of using these bacteria to produce amino acids in large quantities.

Abstract: This invention provides a plasmid with a wide host range, which can replicate in microorganisms belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. These plasmids may be used to clone the genes repsonsible for the fermentative production of various useful biochemicals. The recombinant plasmids containing these genes can be used to transform bacteria so that the fermentative production of the biochemical is enhanced.

Abstract: Mutant microorganisms comprising Lactobacillus fermentum Lex.sup.+ which are obtained from Lactobacillus fermentum produce lysine in a significantly greater quantity than the wildtype microorganism. The microorganism is added to a sourdough starter to produce bread of increased nutritive content, such as flat bread. Freeze-dried cultures of the microorganism may be added to cereal grains such as wheat in bulk to increase the basic nutritive protein quality of the wheat, whereby foodstuffs produced from the cereal grains have increased protein values. Cultures of the microorganisms in admixture with yeast may be used as a bread starter.

Abstract: A biocatalytic method for producing a desired amino acid is disclosed. The method involves contacting a 2-ketoacid corresponding to the desired amino acid with lactic acid, aspartic acid and ammonia, or salts thereof, in the presence of:(a) one or more transaminase enzymes capable of catalyzing the conversion of the 2-ketoacid and L-aspartic acid to the desired amino acid and oxaloacetic acid;(b) a malate-lactate transhydrogenase enzyme capable of catalyzing the conversion of lactic acid and oxaloacetic acid to pyruvic acid and malic acid;(c) a fumarase enzyme capable of catalyzing the conversion of malic acid to fumaric acid; and(d) an aspartate-ammonia lyase enzyme capable of catalyzing the conversion of fumaric acid and ammonia to aspartic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparation of L-.alpha.-amino acid and D-.alpha.-amino acid amide from DL-.alpha.-amino-acid amide by contacting the DL-.alpha.-amino acid amide in an aqueous solution with an .alpha.-amino acid amidase containing preparation obtained from a culture of Pseudomonas putida in the presence of traces of bivalent metal ions as activator, characterized in that the aqueous solution also contains a potassium salt selected from the group consisting of potassium sulphate and potassium chloride.The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of L-.alpha.-amino acid and D-.alpha.- amino acid amide starting from the corresponding aldehyde, potassium cyanide and ammoniumsulphate, subsequent treatment with a ketone and potassiumhydroxide and finally subjecting to enzymatic hydrolysis with a preparation obtained from Pseudomonas putida.

Abstract: A method for producing a novel antifungal product from a Pediococcus species is described. The preferred product (AFP) comprises a compound which contains valine and lactic acid and has a molecular weight of less than about 500 daltons. The product (AFP) is particularly useful in retarding fungal growth in foods and other materials in need thereof.

Abstract: A genetic sequence coding for the production of a protein having the activity of diaminopimelic acid decarboxylase and having two Pst I cleavage sites in its DNA chain and a molecular weight of 2.9.+-.0.05 Md, is incorporated into a vehicle capable of replication in Coryneform bacteria and used to produce L-lysine by fermentation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a desired alpha-amino acid, AA.sub.d, or a derivative thereof. The process comprises:(a) reacting a first alpha-amino acid, AA.sub.NH.sbsb.2 ; a first alpha-keto acid, KA.sub.t ; a second alpha-keto acid, KA.sub.pre ; a first transaminase enzyme and a second transaminase enzyme to produce (i) the desired alpha-amino acid, AA.sub.d and (ii) a third alpha-keto acid, KA.sub.prod ; and(b) removing KA.sub.prod from the other keto acids, amino acids and enzymes wherein AA.sub.d and KA.sub.pre, AA.sub.t and KA.sub.t, and AA.sub.NH.sbsb.2 and KA.sub.prod are interconvertible, respectively, by amino group transfer. The first transaminase efficiently catalyzes reaction (i), but not reaction (ii) and the second transaminase efficiently catalyzes reaction (ii) but not reaction (i):AA.sub.NH.sbsb.2 +KA.sub.t .revreaction.AA.sub.t +KA.sub.prod (i)AA.sub.t +KA.sub.pre .revreaction.AA.sub.d +KA.sub.t (ii)In one embodiment KA.sub.

Abstract: Process for preparing D-2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyramide and/or L-2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyric acid, wherein an aqueous solution of DL-2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyramide is contacted with a preparation containing an aminoacyl amidase which has been obtained from a culture of Mycobacterium neoaurum and in that subsequently D-2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyramide and/or L-2-amino-2,3-dimethyl-butyric acid is (are) recovered from the resulting hydrolysis mixture. The compound D-2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyramide is novel.

Abstract: A process for producing a primary or secondary alcohol derivative of a phosopholipid which comprises reacting the phospholipid with a primary or secondary alcohol in the presence of phospholipase DM.

Abstract: A process for producing a sphingophospholipid derivative comprising reacting a sphingophospholipid with a specified compound having an alcoholic hydroxyl group selected from the group consisting of specified primary alcohol compounds, specified secondary alcohol compounds and specified saccharides or their phenol glycosides in the presence of phospholipase DM.

Abstract: .alpha.-Hydroxycarboxylic acids are continuously converted into the corresponding optically active .alpha.- aminocarboxylic acids. The conversion is carried out in a membrane reactor in the presence of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide increased in molecular weight by bonding to a water soluble high molecular weight material, a dehydrogenase specific for the .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid, a dehydrogenase specific for the corresponding .alpha.-amino-carboxylic acid and ammonium ions. There is continuously supplied to the membrane reactor an aqueous solution of the .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid to be reacted, a substantially lesser amount of the corresponding .alpha.-ketocarboxy lic acid, and an amount of ammonium ion at least equivalent to the .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid to be reacted. There is maintained over the membrane a difference in pressure 1 and 15 bar. Behind the membrane, there is continuously drawn off a filtrate stream containing the .alpha.-aminocarboxylic acid formed.

Abstract: Process for the enzymatic hydrolysis of a D-.alpha.-amino-acid amide to the corresponding D-.alpha.-amino-acid, wherein an aqueous solution of the D-.alpha.-amino-acid amide is contacted with an aminoacylamidase-containing preparation obtained from a culture of Rhodococcus erythropolis or a mutant thereof and the D-.alpha.-amino-acid is subsequently recovered from the hydrolysate obtained.

Abstract: Production of L-lysine is carried out by a process which involves culturing a mutant microorganism having increased L-lysine productivity belonging to the genus Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium and having a resistance to at least one of purine analog and pyrimidine analog.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing L-lysine by culturing a microorganism obtained by protoplast fusion and having an ability to produce L-lysine in a nutrient medium, forming and accumulating L-lysine in the resulting culture liquor, and recovering the L-lysine therefrom. Also, there are disclosed a number of microorganisms for producing L-lysine which are obtained by protoplast fusion.

Abstract: A genetic sequence coding for the production of a protein having the activity of homoserine dehydrogenase and having two Pst I cleavage sites in its DNA chain and a molecular weight of 2.24 Md, is incorporated into a vehicle capable of replication in Coryneform bacteria and used to produce L-threonine and L-isoleucine by fermentation.

Abstract: An L-lysine producing microorganism which is constructed by incorporation into a recipient strain of the genus Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium of a hybrid plasmid having inserted therein a DNA fragment which is derived from a donor strain of the genus Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium and which controls resistance to S-(2-aminoethyl)-cysteine and productivity of L-lysine, is useful for the production of high levels of L-lysine by fermentation.

Abstract: A method for removing impurities including humic substances, gums, polysaccharides, proteins or a mixture thereof from an amino acid fermented liquor obtained from cane, beet molasses, or a mixture thereof, said amino acid being selected from the group consisting of glutamic acid, lysine, and a mixture thereof; said method comprising:(a) adjusting the pH of the fermented liquor to a value of from 2-5 to precipitate said impurities, said impurities having an isoelectric point falling within a pH range of 2-5;(b) ultrafiltering said impurities from said fermented liquor using a semipermeable ultrafiltration membrane.

Abstract: A process is described for producing alpha amino acids or derivatives thereof. The process comprises reacting an alpha-keto acid with L-aspartic acid in the presence of transaminase enzyme to produce (1) an alpha amino acid corresponding to said alpha-keto acid and (2) oxaloacetate; and decarboxylating said oxaloacetate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing L-threonine which comprises causing D-threonine-aldolase, or D-threonine-aldolase and L-allothreonine-aldolase to act on a solution containing at least DL-threonine thereby obtaining L-threonine from a mixture containing at least DL-threonine.

Abstract: An improved method for the fermentative production of L-threonine in a high yield, which comprises cultivating a methionine metabolism-antagonist resistant mutant of Serratia marcescens having L-threonine productivity in a broth to form and accumulate L-threonine therein and recovering accumulated L-threonine from the broth.

Abstract: An L-threonine microorganism is produced by inserting a restriction endonuclease fragment of chromosomal DNA controlling .alpha.-amino-.beta.-hydroxy valeric acid resistance from a Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium into a plasmid and transforming a Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium which is sensitive to .alpha.-amino-.beta.-hydroxy valeric acid.

Abstract: L-threonine is produced by aerobically culturing a bacterium belonging to the genus Acinetobacter, which utilizes ethanol and has an ability to produce and accumulate L-threonine, in a culture medium in which ethanol is the main carbon source to produce and accumulate L-threonine in a culture liquor and recovering L-threonine from the culture liquor. The bacterium is preferably a mutant of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus YK-1011 (Ferm-P No. 5910).

Abstract: A process is disclosed in which an amino acid-producing microorganism having an ability to assimilate lactic acid is aerobically cultivated in the presence of at least one lactic acid microorganism in an aqueous nutrient medium containing at least one carbohydrate which is assimilable by the lactic acid microorganism but nonassimilable or weakly assimilable by the amino acid-producing microorganism as the main carbon source and an accumulated amino acid is recovered from the culture broth. An industrially advantageous production of an amino acid has become feasible by utilizing inexpensive carbon sources or those organic substances in agricultural or livestock wastes that have heretofore not been effectively utilized.

Abstract: A method for producing L-lysine by fermentation, which comprises, culturing aerobically in a culture medium a mutant of the genus Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium which is resistant to ethylene glycol and capable of producing L-lysine, and recovering the L-lysine which accumulates in the culture medium.