Abstract: A phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene, which has mutation such as mutation to replace 625th glutamic acid from the N-terminus of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase with lysine, mutation to replace 438th arginine from the N-terminus with cysteine and the like, is introduced into Escherichia coli or coryneform bacteria, so as to produce a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase which is not substantially inhibited by aspartic acid, thereby amino acid is efficiently produced.

Abstract: A mutant strain having an ability to produce L-glutamic acid in the absence of any biotin action-suppressing agent in a medium containing an excessive amount of biotin is obtained by giving temperature sensitivity with respect to a biotin action-suppressing agent to a coryneform L-glutamic acid-producing bacterium. This strain is cultivated in a liquid medium to produce and accumulate L-glutamic acid in the medium. A mutant strain having an ability to produce L-lysine and L-glutamic acid in the absence of any biotin action-suppressing agent in a medium containing an excessive amount of biotin is obtained by giving temperature sensitivity with respect to a biotin action-suppressing agent and giving L-lysine productivity to a coryneform L-glutamic acid-producing bacterium. This strain is cultivated in a liquid medium to simultaneously produce and accumulate L-lysine and L-glutamic acid in the medium.

Abstract: A method of producing L-amino acids by fermentation. Microorganisms of the genus Corynebacterium which exhibit an auxotrophy relative to an amino acid are used as biocatalysts. The method is characterized in that the carbon source on the one hand and the limiting amino acid on the other hand are fed in two or more different infeed currents to the process. The infeed profiles have, for example, a concave (saccharose) and an exponential (amino acid) form or a convex (saccharose) and likewise a convex (amino acid) form, with specific differing degrees of increase of the currents relative to each other over time.

Abstract: A method of producing a target substance by microbial fermentation, where the natural ability of the microorganism to produce NADPH from NADH is increased. The present method is useful for producing a wide variety of materials, such as amino acids, antibiotics, vitamins, growth factors and other physiologically active substances. The microorganism is modified to increase production of NADPH from NADH in order to increase the amount of an active substance in the culture medium. The modification of the microorganism results in the increased production of the amount of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase expressed by the microorganism. Further, the increase in the production of NADPH from NADH is increased by increasing the number of copies of a gene encoding a nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase enzyme. The copies of the gene are so produced to a number effective to increase the amount of the enzyme expressed by the microorganism, thereby increasing the enzyme activity of the microorganism.

Abstract: L-lysine is produced efficiently by cultivating, in a liquid medium, a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia with decreased or disappeared lysine decarboxylase activity relevant to decomposition of L-lysine, for example, a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia with restrained expression of a novel gene coding for lysine decarboxylase and/or a known gene cadA to allow L-lysine to be produced and accumulated in a culture liquid, and collecting it.

Abstract: A method of amplifying a desired gene in a chromosome of a coryneform bacterium, which comprises forming an artificial transposon in which a drug resistance gene and the desired gene are inserted into an insertion sequence of the coryneform bacterium, and introducing said artificial transposon into the coryneform bacterium. In accordance with the method of the present invention, a desired gene can be amplified in a chromosome in coryneform bacteria which are used in the industrial production of amino acids or nucleic acids.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a D-amino acid selected from the group consisting of D-methionine, D-valine, D-leucine, D-isoleucine and D-histidine, which comprises the steps of:making a culture or treated culture of a microorganism having ability to asymmetrically degrade a L-amino acid selected from the group consisting of L-methionine, L-valine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine and L-histidine act on a corresponding racemic amino acid to the L-amino acid; andseparating and collecting the remaining D-amino acid.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the fermentative preparation of amino acids, in which a strain of the genus Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium producing one or more amino acids is cultivated in a nutrient medium and the amino acids are isolated from the culture fluid at the end of fermentation. After the vigorous growth phase, the bacterial culture has at its disposal a smaller quantity of assimilable carbon source than it could metabolize on the basis of the structure of the strain and the quantity of other necessary supplements provided in the nutrient medium.

Abstract: A process for producing microorganisms which have increased L-lysine productivity is described. The process makes use of microorganisms of the genera Corynebacterium and Brevibacterium which are resistant to feedback inhibition by 2-azido-.epsilon.-caprolactam.

Abstract: Bacteriophages of food-contaminating or pathogenic bacteria or the lysins thereof are used to kill such bacteria. Examples include lysins from bacteriophages of Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium tyrobutyricum.Tests for bacterial contamination can be made specific for specific bacteria by using the appropriate bacteriophage or lysin thereof and determining whether cells are lysed thereby.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the fermentative production of an amino acid which comprises the use of phosphorous limited or phosphorous/carbon double limited growth conditions during the fermentative production.

Abstract: L-tertiary-Leucine and L-phosphinothricine are obtainable by transamination of the corresponding keto acids as a precursor in the presence of amino acids as amino group donors. The reaction is preferably carried out with microorganisms or their transaminases.

Abstract: The invention encompasses methods of detecting and/or quantifying .epsilon.(.gamma.-glutamyl)lysine isodipeptide by catalytically releasing lysine, then measuring free lysine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to materials and methods for production of natural and unnatural D-amino acids. In particular, the present invention relates to a fermentation method for the production of D-amino acids using recombinant host cells.Specifically, the invention relates to a method for producing a D-amino acid in a cell, comprising:(a) incorporating into the cell a D-aminotransferase gene and a L-aminodeaminase gene;(b) culturing the cell in a cell culture medium; and(c) isolating the D-amino acid from the cell culture medium.The invention also relates to a method for producing D-phenylalanine in a cell, comprising:(a) incorporating into the cell a D-aminotransferase gene, a L-aminodeaminase gene and means for increasing production of phenylpyruvate;(b) culturing the cell in a cell culture medium; and(c) isolating the D-phenylalanine from the cell culture medium.The invention also relates to the preparation of recombinant cells for use in the production of enantiomerically pure D-amino acids.

Abstract: A process for preparing D-lysine using a microorganism which has the ability to asymmetrically degrade L-lysine in a reaction medium is disclosed. The process is performed by first bringing racemic lysine into contact with a culture or a treated culture of the microorganism, and then collecting and isolating the D-lysine from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: DSM 9771 is a mutant of DSM 7330 which was obtained under selective pressure. Its enzymatic activity is higher by a factor of 2.3 than that of its parent organism. In the presence of an inducer, this activity may be farther increased by a factor of 2.7. The reaction catalyzed by this microorganism or enzymes therefrom is the enantioselective conversion of a D-5-monosubstituted hydantoin or an L-5-monosubstituted hydantoin or a D-N-carbamoyl amino acid or an L-N-carbamoyl amino acid to a corresponding L-.alpha.-amino acid.

Abstract: A bacterial strain of Escherichia coli BKIIM B-3996, a producer of L-threonine, containing a recombinant plasmid pVIC40 and deposited on Nov. 19, 1987 in the collection of microorganism cultures at the USSR Antibiotics Research Institute under Reg. No. 1867.

Abstract: Culturing an L-amino acid producing microorganism belonging to the genus Brevibacterium or Corynebacterium and having a resistance to a peptide containing glutamic acid or aspartic acid gives L-amino acids in high yield.

Abstract: The present invention provide a method for the industrial production of L-isoleucine which is useful as pharmaceuticals, foods, feed additives and the like. The method comprises cultivating in a nutrient medium a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia which is capable of rapidly growing in a medium containing L-homoserine as the single nitrogen source and has an ability to produce L-isoleucine in the medium, producing and accumulate L-isoleucine in a culture and recovering L-isoleucine therefrom.

Abstract: Recombinant DNA replicable in microorganisms belonging to the genus Corynebacterium, which contains a DNA fragment coding for an aspartokinase .alpha.-subunit protein originating from a bacterium belonging to the genus Corynebacterium, in which synergistic feedback inhibition by L-lysine and L-threonine is substantially desensitized, and a DNA fragment coding for an aspartokinase .beta.-subunit protein originating from a bacterium belonging to the genus Corynebacterium, in which synergistic feedback inhibition by L-lysine and L-threonine is substantially desensitized, is introduced into a microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium. Thus a transformant having enhanced production and excretion speeds of L-lysine is obtained. The transformant is cultivated in an appropriate medium, and produced L-lysine is separated.

Abstract: A DNA containing a gene which codes for aspartokinase III originating in Escherichia bacteria and which has in the coding region a mutation which releases the feedback inhibition by lysine on the aspartokinase III, a recombinant DNA wherein the DNA is linked to a vector DNA capable of autonomous replication in Escherichia bacteria, a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia which has been transformed by the introduction of the above mentioned recombinant DNA into the cells thereof, and a method for the production of L-threonine which comprises culturing the microorganism in a fermentation medium, producing and accumulating L-threonine in the culture medium, and collecting the L-threonine from said-culture medium. Escherichia bacteria-derived AK III genes are obtained which sufficiently release the feedback inhibition due to lysine.

Abstract: A method for constructing microorganism strains which produce amino acids comprising: combining in one bacterial genome (a) a mutation affecting the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase corresponding to the selected amino acid, conferring cells auxotrophy which cannot be fully suppressed by addition of usual concentration this amino acid into the culture medium and (b) a mutation which destroys the negative regulation of selected amino acid biosynthesis to yield a strain capable of increased production of the selected amino acid.Strains producing isoleucine and valine.Methods to produce isoleucine and valine by culturing those strains.

Abstract: The present invention relates to (a) process for producing L-lysine by fermentation which comprises culturing a microorganism having resistance to 4-N-(D-alanyl)-2,4-diamino-2,4-dideoxy-L-arabinose 2,4-dideoxy-L-arabinose or a derivative thereof and belonging to the genus Brevibacterium or the genus Corynebacterium, (b) said bacterium therefore and (c) a method of producing said bacterium.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for the isolation and characterization of C. glutamicum genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis, specifically, encoding hom, thrB, and thrC, and sequences regulating their expression. Techniques for modifying or replacing these sequences and means for facilitating further isolations and characterizations, including promoter probe vectors which are useful in screening for high efficiency and regulatable promoters and repressors, are also disclosed.A C. glutamicum genomic library was constructed by cleaving chromosomal DNA with restriction enzymes, inserting the DNA fragments into an appropriate vector, and transforming the resulting recombinant molecules (rDNA) into C. glutamicum. Amino acid biosynthetic genes hom, thrB, and thrC, encoding homoserine dehydrogenase, homoserine kinase, and threonine synthetase, respectively, were isolated by complementation of C. glutamicum auxotrophs. The hom-thrB genes were subcloned on a 3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an L-amino acid which comprises culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia, having resistance to 2-ketobutyric acid and ability to produce the L-amino acid in a medium until the L-amino acid is accumulated in the medium, and recovering the L-amino acid therefrom.

Abstract: A plasmid having a temperature-sensitive replication origin which has the following properties:a) capable of autonomous replication in Corynebacterium and being retained in Corynebacterium; and,b) when a cell containing said plasmid is cultured at 31.degree. to 37.degree. C., replication of the plasmid is inhibited and at the same time, the plasmid is removed from the cell body; and a method for performing homologous recombination in Corynebacterium using the plasmid.

Abstract: A production process of optically active amino acids comprising causing a microorganism belonging to Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium, Arthrobacter, Nocardiopsis or Bacillus sp. and having nitrile-hydrolyzing activity to act on a nitrile or derivative thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a DNA fragment derived from Coryneform bacteria and containing a gene coding for a protein having sucrase activity and a recombinant DNA vector containing said DNA fragment and capable of expression in Coryneform bacteria, The recombinant DNA is introduced into Coryneform bacteria to enhance their sucrase activity, By using the bacteria having enhanced sucrase activity a method is provided for efficiently producing L-amino acids and nucleic acids in a short period of time.

Abstract: A bacterial strain of Escherichia coli BKIIM B-3996, a producer of L-threonine, containing a recombinant plasmid pVIC40 and deposited on Nov. 19, 1987 in the collection of microorganism cultures at the USSR Antibiotics Research Institute under Reg. No. 1867.

Abstract: The present invention provides strains of Escherichia coli which have an isoleucine-tRNA synthetase with an increased Km and no negative feedback inhibition of isoleucine production. These strains are effective for the production of isoleucine in high amounts.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing L-valine which comprises cultivating, in a medium, a microorganism which belongs to the genus Corynebacterium or Brevibacterium, which exhibits a) an ability to produce L-valine, b) resistance to L-valine in a medium containing acetic acid as a sole carbon source, and c) sensitivity to a pyruvic acid analog in a medium containing glucose as a sole carbon source, until L-valine is accumulated in the culture broth, and recovering L-valine therefrom.

Abstract: The invention relates to coryneform microorganisms capable of assimilating lactose which carry a recombinant DNA capable of conferring the ability to assimilate lactose on coryneform microorganisms; and to a process for producing L-amino acids which comprises culturing said coryneform microorganism capable of assimilating lactose in a culture medium containing lactose to form an amino acid, and recovering said amino acid accumulated in the culture broth. Further, the invention relates to a method for preparing recombinant plasmids containing a DNA fragment essential to the expression of a gene in coryneform microorganisms.

Abstract: A process for the production of L-threonine by fermentation of Escherichia coli FERM BP-3756 or Escherichia coli FERM BP-4072 and a process for the production of L-isoleucine by the fermentation of Escherichia coli FERM BP-3757 is disclosed. The strains are resistant to purine analogues such as 6-dimethylaminopurine or 6-methylaminopurine.

Abstract: The present invention provides variant strains mass-producing .epsilon.PL which are obtained by variant treatment of a strain producing .epsilon.PL. For using the variant strains, the strains are cultured in a cultivated medium, .epsilon.PL is mass-produced and stored in the culture solution, and the stored .epsilon.PL is collected from the solution. For producing .epsilon.PL, a strain which produces .epsilon.PL is variant-treated, the obtained variant strain is cultivated in a culture medium to which L-lysine or L-lysine and one or more sugars are added, .epsilon.PL is mass-produced and stored in the culture solution, and the stored .epsilon.PL is collected from the solution.The variant strains producing .epsilon.PL in large quantities are preferably the strains which have tolerance to an analogue of L-lysine of Streptomyces albulus subsp. lysinopolymerus No. 346-D strain and plasmid-amplifiable variant strains of the same bacteria.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing L-threonine, which comprises culturing an L-threonine-producing microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia and having a resistance to at least one of L-phenylalanine and L-leucine in a medium until L-threonine is produced and accumulated in the culture, and recovering L-threonine therefrom.

Abstract: A chimeric gene construct comprising a DNA sequence encoding an enzyme having aspartate kinase (AK) activity is provided, which is capable of expression in plant cells with subsequent increased production of threonine. Transgenic plants containing in their cells said chimeric gene overproduce threonine and transgenic plants containing in their cells said chimeric gene and a second chimeric gene comprising a DNA sequence coding for an enzyme having dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS) activity, overproduce both threonine and lysine. The transgenic plants are resistant to lysine and threonine, to derivatives thereof and to selective inhibitors of the plant enzymes DHPS or AK, and thus these compounds may be used as selective herbicides in locus where the transgenic plants are cultivated.

Abstract: A process for producing L-lysine, which comprises culturing a mutant L-lysine-producing strain belonging to the genus Brevibacterium or the genus Corynebacterium and having selenalysine resistance in a nutrient medium, producing and accumulating L-lysine in the culture broth and collecting L-lysine from the culture broth.

Abstract: Higher amount of L-threonine can be accumulated by the cultivation of certain microorganism belonging to the genus Providencia, having a resistance to methionine antagonist and having capabilities of producing L-threonine.

Abstract: A basic L-amino acid and an acidic L-amino acid may be concurrently produced by either culturing a basic L-amino acid-producing bacteria under conditions for producing an acidic L-amino acid or mix-culturing a basic L-amino acid-producing bacteria and an acidic L-amino acid-producing bacteria.

Abstract: Recombinant cells and an improved method utilizing them is disclosed for the preparation of an optically pure, L-amino acid from its D and D,L isomer forms. The process utilizes cell cultures that possess high aminotransferase activity that exhibits moderate selectivity in the conversion of D and L amino acids to their respective 2-keto acids as well as absolute stereospecificity in the conversion of the 2-keto acids to the L isomer alone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fermentation process using a L-lysine-producing microorganism having a resistance to an acyl-lysine, a methylated acyl-lysine or both an acyl-lysine and a methylated acyl-lysine. By the process of the present invention, L-lysine may be produced in high yields providing an improved process that reduces the cost of industrially produced L-lysine.

Abstract: A process for producing L-lysine by fermentation includes the steps of culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium having a resistance to iodothyronine in a nutrient medium to form and accumulate L-lysine in the resulting culture and recovering the L-lysine therefrom.

Abstract: Culturing an L-amino acid producing microorganism belonging to the genus Brevibacterium or corynebacterium and having a resistance to a dipeptide containing glutamic acid or aspartic acid gives L-amino acids in high yield.

Abstract: Disclosed are Corynebacterium glutamicum CS-755 (KFCC 10672, FERM BP-2763), a L-lysine producing microorganism which is resistant to .alpha.-amino-.beta.-hydroxyvaleric acid, S-(.beta.-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine, methyl lysine, arginine analogues, other analogues, .beta.-(2 -thiazolyl)-DL-alanine, 5-hydroxyuridine, 6-azauracil, and 6-fluorotryptophan requires leucine and homoserine for growth, and a method for producing L-lysine comprising culturing the strain (KFCC 10672, FERM BP-2763) and recovering L-lysine from the resultant culture broth.

Abstract: Microorganisms belonging to the genus Providencia or the genus Escherichia and having a resistance to isoleucine antagonist, produce L-threonine by fermentation in higher yield and in more amount of L-threonine accumulated.

Abstract: L-lysine is produced by culturing, in a medium, an L-lysine-producing mutant which belongs to the genus Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes which is capable of growing at 40.degree. C. or higher and which has resistance to S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine thereby producing and accumulating L-lysine in the culture medium, and collecting L-lysine from the culture medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for expressing a gene and producing a metabolic product formed by the gene by culturing a transformant microorganism carrying a recombinant DNA constructed of a DNA fragment having at least one gene to be expressed and a vector DNA, at least one of which is foreign to the host microorganism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a general method of enzymatic synthesis of isotopically labeled carbohydrates, sugars and nucleosides. Labeled citric acid cycle intermediates, amino acids and ribose mononucleotides may be rapidly and conveniently synthesized from labeled pyruvate, lactate or L-alanine. The method employs a novel nicotinamide dinucleotide regeneration system which permits use of low NADH levels. The method may be manipulated to allow labeling at a variety of carbon/hydrogen sites.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing amino acids such as L-threohine and L-lysine, which comprises culturing, in a medium containing methanol as a major carbon source, a microorganism which belongs to the genus Methylobacillus and which has an ability to produce the amino acid(s) and resistance to at least one member selected from the group consisting of L-threonine, L-lysine and an amino acid analogue, said microorganism being obtained by mutation of a parent strain which belongs to the genus Methylobacillus and which has an enhanced sensitivity to at least one of an antibiotic and an amino acid analogue; allowing the amino acid(s) to accumulate in the culture; and recovering the amino acid(s) therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for producing (-) 2-substituted-ornithines comprising contacting a 2-substituted-piperidone with L-.alpha.-E-aminocaprolactam-hydrolas in the presence of a divalent cation.