Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of an interfacial enzyme immobilized on an insoluble support, by providing a bi-phase system comprised of an aqueous buffer solution and at least one first organic solvent; mixing said interfacial enzyme with the bi-phase system provided; adding the support to the obtained mixture and mixing; and isolating from the mixture obtained in the last step the interfacial enzyme immobilized on said support. The produced enzyme is locked in its catalytically active confirmation, and thus exhibits improved activity and stability. Also disclosed are uses of the produced enzymes, particularly in the preparation of biodiesel.

Abstract: Transgenic Yarrowia species are disclosed herein that comprise a polynucleotide encoding a cytosolic malic enzyme, a lipid content that is at least about 35% by weight of the dry cell weight of the Yarrowia species, and an engineered polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthetic pathway, wherein overexpression of the cytosolic malic enzyme increases lipid content.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing biodiesel from renewable oil and fat catalyzed by lipase with online dehydration. The method uses a short chain alcohol ROH as an acyl-acceptor, and utilizes a lipase as the catalyst to catalyze transesterification reaction of oil and fat feedstock with said short chain alcohol, so as to synthesize biodiesel; and online dehydration with a membrane or a molecular sieve is carried out during the whole process or part of the reaction process. Such online dehydration process greatly simplifies the operation procedure, and provides good economic and environmental benefits.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the removal of contaminants from a liquid culture microalgae and/or cyanobacteria comprise an inlet tube, a pump, a gas injector, a vertical chamber, and/or a collection container that promotes the production of foam in the microalgae culture, wherein the foam contains the contaminants.

Abstract: The invention relates to processing of oils and fats comprising applying an immobilized lipolytic enzyme, wherein a liquid aqueous lipolytic enzymes preparation is added to the immobilized lipolytic enzyme between feedstock batches, and/or is added to the immobilized lipolytic enzyme step wise or continuously during feedstock processing.

Abstract: Pythium, when cultured with crude glycerol as a carbon source, produces useful polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The crude glycerol is pretreated to remove soaps and methanol. An exemplary Pythium species for use in the production of EPA is Pythium irregulare.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the generation of triacylglycerols from gums that have been separated from an oil product. The gums are treated with an enzyme having PLC activity, which results in the formation of diacylglycerols and phosphates, and treated with an enzyme having PLA activity, which results in the formation of lyso-phospholipids and free fatty acids. The diacylglycerols and the free fatty acids from these two separate reactions then combine in the presence of the enzymes to generate new triacylglycerol molecules.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing fuels are provided. These methods use often difficult to process lignocellulosic materials, for example crop residues and grasses. The methods can be readily practiced on a commercial scale in an economically viable manner, in some cases using as feedstocks materials that would otherwise be discarded as waste.

Abstract: Process for the extraction of fatty acids from algal biomass comprising: producing an aqueous suspension of algal biomass; subjecting the aqueous suspension of algal biomass to acid hydrolysis and extraction by the addition of at least one non-polar organic solvent and at least one inorganic acid to said aqueous suspension of algal biomass, so as to obtain the following three phases: (i) a semisolid phase comprising a slurry of the algal biomass; (ii) an aqueous phase comprising inorganic compounds and hydrophilic organic compounds; (iii) an organic phase comprising fatty acids and hydrophobic organic compounds other than said fatty acids.

Abstract: The invention provides a genetically modified microorganism that acquires the ability to consume a renewable feedstock (such as cellulose) and produce products. This organism can be used to ferment cellulose, one of the most abundant renewable resources available, and produce products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in recombinant cells such as yeast or plant cells. Also provided are recombinant cells or plants which produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a group of new enzymes which possess desatorase or elongase activity that can be used in methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract: Provided are biomass-based materials and valuable uses of microalgal biomass including: (i) acetylation of microalgal biomass to produce a material useful in the production of thermoplastics; (ii) use of triglyceride containing microalgal biomass for production of thermoplastics; (iii) combination of microalgal biomass and at least one type of plant polymer to produce a material useful in the production of thermoplastics; (iv) anionization of microalgal biomass to form a water absorbant material; (v) cationization of microalgal biomass, and optional flocculation, to form a water absorbant material; (vi) crosslinking of anionized microalgal biomass; (vii) carbonization of microalgal biomass; and (viii) use of microalgal biomass in the making of paper.

Abstract: In an alcohol fermentation process, oil derived from biomass is hydrolyzed into an extractant available for in situ removal of a product alcohol such as butanol from a fermentation broth. The glycerides in the oil can be catalytically (e.g., enzymatically) hydrolyzed into free fatty acids, which form a fermentation product extractant having a partition coefficient for a product alcohol greater than a partition coefficient of the oil of the biomass for the product alcohol. Oil derived from a feedstock of an alcohol fermentation process can be hydrolyzed by contacting the feedstock including the oil with one or more enzymes whereby at least a portion of the oil is hydrolyzed into free fatty acids forming a fermentation product extractant, or the oil can be separated from the feedstock prior to the feedstock being fed to a fermentation vessel, and the separated oil can be contacted with the enzymes to form the fermentation product extractant.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for separating high value by-products, such as oil and/or germ, from grains used for alcohol production. In one embodiment, a method for separating by-products from grains used for alcohol production includes, subjecting milled grains to liquefaction to provide a liquefied starch solution including fiber, protein, and germ. The germ is separated from the liquefied starch solution. The separated germ is ground, e.g., to a particle size less than 50 microns, to release oil to provide a germ/oil mixture. Then, prior to fermentation, the oil is separated from the germ/oil mixture to yield an oil by-product. The pH of the germ/oil mixture can be adjusted to about 8 to about 10.5 and/or cell wall breaking enzymes or chemicals may be added to help release oil from the germ. In one example, the oil yield is greater than 1.0 lb/Bu.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method for treatment of fats, oils and grease (FOG) for separation of target products and/or the efficient production of biodiesel while reducing disposal of solid or liquid waste matter into landfills or water treatment facilities.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a phospholipid at low cost by reusing phospholipase A2 in a method for producing the phospholipid whereby an arbitrary fatty acid is bonded to the 2-position of a phospholipid using an esterification reaction catalyzed by phospholipase A2 in glycerol. The method for producing a phospholipid is characterized by comprising conducting an esterification reaction catalyzed by phospholipase A2 between a lysophospholipid and an acyl donor in glycerol to from a phospholipid, adding a solvent immiscible with glycerol to form a glycerol layer and a solvent layer, extracting said phospholipid into said solvent layer, allowing phospholipase A2 to migrate into said glycerol layer, and, after separating the glycerol layer and distilling off the solvent remaining therein, further adding to the residual glycerol solution the lysophospholipid and the acyl donor to thereby conduct the esterification reaction again with use of phospholipase A2 remaining in said glycerol solution.

Abstract: The MFE2 gene of a microorganism capable of producing glycolipids, such as, but not limited to C. bombicola is disrupted with the purpose of blocking the beta-oxidation pathway in the strain. Fermentation of a such strain having such disrupted genes on primary or secondary alcohols or diols, preferably on primary alcohols produces short chained glycolipids in high yield and purity.

Abstract: The invention is directed to isolated microorganisms, as well as biomasses, cultures, microbial oils, and compositions thereof. The invention also provides methods of producing the microbial oils and methods of using the isolated microorganisms, biomasses, and microbial oils.

Abstract: The described invention provides genetically engineered photosynthetic microorganisms expressing prokaryotic acyl-ACP thioesterases and methods of using the genetically engineered photosynthetic microorganisms for producing free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives.

Abstract: Methods of increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the total lipid fraction and in the oil fraction of PUFA-producing, oleaginous eukaryotes, accomplished by modifying the activity of peroxisome biogenesis factor (Pex) proteins. Disruptions of a chromosomal Pex3 gene, Pex10p gene or Pex16p gene in a PUFA-producing, oleaginous eukaryotic strain resulted in an increased amount of PUFAs, as a percent of total fatty acids and as a percent of dry cell weight, in the total lipid fraction and in the oil fraction of the strain, as compared to the parental strain whose native Pex protein was not disrupted.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to genetic engineering of bacteria. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to genetic engineering of Gram-negative bacteria expressing different species of lipid A on their surface. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides for an engineered strain of E. coli according to Table 1. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides for a lipopolysaccharide purified from an engineered strain of E. coli according to Table 1.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extracting lipids of varying polarities from oleaginous material.

Abstract: Methods for increasing C18 to C20 elongation conversion efficiency and/or ?4 desaturation conversion efficiency in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid [“LC-PUFA”]-producing recombinant oleaginous microbial host cells are provided herein, based on over-expression of acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases [“LPLATs”] (e.g., Ale1, LPAAT, LPCAT). Production host cells and oils produced by the methods of the invention are also claimed.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing a high-purity sphingomyelin and a high-purity plasmalogen-form glycerophospholipid from a biological material by simple procedures at high yields.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: The present invention provides for the improved production of fatty acid products in a recombinant microorganism or host cell engineered to express a non-native gene encoding a thioesterase and a non-native gene encoding a lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT), in which the LPAAT is overexpressed in the recombinant microorganism compared to an otherwise identical microorganism that does not include the non-native LPAAT gene. The invention also provides methods of producing fatty acid products using such recombinant microorganisms.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for producing a wax ester in recombinant host cells engineered to express a thioesterase, an acyl-CoA synthetase, an alcohol-forming fatty acyl reductase, and a wax ester synthase. The methods of the invention may take place in photosynthetic microorganisms, and particularly in cyanobacteria. Isolated nucleotide molecules and vectors expressing the thioesterase, acyl-CoA synthetase, alcohol-forming fatty acyl reductase, and wax ester synthase, recombinant host cells expressing the thioesterase, acyl-CoA synthetase, alcohol-forming fatty acyl reductase, and wax ester synthase, and systems for producing a wax ester via a pathway using these four enzymes, are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of manufacturing oils and oil-based products such as transportation fuels, industrial chemicals, edible oils, lubricants and plastics using sucrose feedstocks from sugar cane, sugar beets, and molasses for bioproduction processes. The disclosed processes utilize oleaginous microbes as a conversion technology to convert chemical energy produced by sugar cane, molasses and sugar beets into energy-containing oils and oil derivatives. Also provided herein are oleaginous microbes containing one or more exogenous sucrose utilization genes.

Abstract: Engineered strains of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica capable of producing greater than 25% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, an ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) in the total oil fraction are described. These strains comprise various chimeric genes expressing heterologous desaturases, elongases and acyltransferases and optionally comprise various native desaturase and acyltransferase knockouts to enable synthesis and high accumulation of EPA. Production host cells are claimed, as are methods for producing EPA within said host cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a method for processing a beer stream for the recovery of oil. The method includes a step of extracting oil from a beer stream into an organic phase comprising an organic solvent to provide in the organic phase at least a portion of the oil. In general, a beer stream refers to a composition containing alcohol, water, oil, and particulates, and can be a result of a fermentation process. The beer stream can contain other components commonly found in a stream coming off a fermentation process such as, for example, glycerol and acetic acid.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of improving the fermentation yield of polyunsaturated fatty acids, in which Schizochytrium limacinum is used as production strain to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and glycine betaine or trehalose is added to the fermentation medium. In the present invention, after Schizochytrium limacinum fermentation system is treated with exogenous glycine betaine, the yield of PUFA produced by fermentation with Schizochytrium limacinum can be greatly improved. The present invention significantly improves the yield of PUFA produced by microorganism, reduces the cost without harming the environment, and saves manpower and material resources by simple and effective regulation of fermentation, and thus the method is simple, convenient and cost-effective.

Abstract: The present invention relates to various methods to produce a variety of omega-3 fatty acids from various species of alga using crude glycerol as a substrate for algal growth. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to various methods to produced docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from a Schizochytrium, Phaeodactylum, Thraustochytrid, Ulkenia, and/or Labyrinthulea species of alga. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to various methods to produced eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from a Schizochytrium, Phaeodactylum, Thraustochytrid, Ulkenia, and/or Labyrinthulea species of alga. In one instance, the methods of the present invention utilize crude glycerol as at least a portion of the culture medium for the various micro-organisms disclosed herein to enable the production of one or more omega-3 fatty acids.

Abstract: A closed-loop system for growing algae in a bioreactor is disclosed, for example, to produce biofuel. An aqueous bioreactor solution is formulated such that the principal source of carbon for algae growth is supplied by sodium bicarbonate. During algae growth in the aqueous solution, the concentration of sodium bicarbonate in the solution is reduced while the concentration of sodium carbonate increases. A regenerator is provided to regenerate sodium bicarbonate from the sodium carbonate. Specifically, after sufficient growth, the algae are concentrated and an algae depleted media is produced. Carbon dioxide is then introduced into the algae depleted media to regenerate sodium bicarbonate from the sodium carbonate. The regenerated sodium bicarbonate is then recycled into the bioreactor to supply carbon for further algae growth.

Abstract: Described are procedures that promote the accumulation and release of intracellular lipid bodies from zygospores of single-celled alga. This disclosure describes procedures for manipulating the progression or synchronization of the algae's life cycle, and for simplifying lipid extraction by promoting spontaneous release of intracellular lipid reserves. The approach is relevant to the commercial production of biodiesel and food supplements derived from fatty acids.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of cultivating oil-bearing microbes using xylose alone or in combination with other depolymerized cellulosic material. Also provided are microorganisms comprising an exogenous gene encoding a polysaccharide degrading enzyme, such as a cellulase, a hemicellulase, a pectinase, or a driselase. Some methods of microbial fermentation are provided that comprise the use of xylose and depolymerized cellulosic materials for the production of oil-bearing microorgansims.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heterogeneous enzymatic catalyst consisting of a macroprous silica monolith incorporating an enzyme immobilized by means of a compiling agent, to a process for preparing this enzymatic catalyst, to the use of the catalyst for carrying out chemical reactions by continuous flow heterogeneous enzymatic catalyst and to a process of continuous flow heterogeneous enzymatic catalysis using said catalyst.

Abstract: Novel strains of microalgae which belong to the Botryococcus genus and which can grow in a mixotrophic mode, and a cultivation method which includes providing light in the form of flashes for the production of lipids and hydrocarbons, in particular in the form of botryococcenes, which are useful in the production of biofuel.

Abstract: The present invention is related to biosynthetic oil compositions and methods of making thereof. In some embodiments, the invention relates to the use of endogenous enzymes in plants capable of synthesizing oil. In preferred embodiments, said plants are algae. In further embodiments, said algae are from the family Chlamydomonas, Nannochloropsis, Dunaliella, Chiarella and Scenedesmus. In still further embodiments, said endogenous enzymes are diacylglycerol acyltransferases.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method of producing algae derived oils comprising growing, stressing, and harvesting algae and then extracting total lipids from which specific oil fractions are purified.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are magnetotactic algae, such as algae cells that include magnetic nanoparticles. In some examples the magnetotactic algae express a nucleic acid molecule encoding a bacterial MagA ferrous transporter, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a bacterial Mms6 magnetite binding protein, or both. Also disclosed herein are methods for producing magnetotactic algae and methods of producing biofuel or magnetic nanoparticles utilizing magnetotactic algae. Further disclosed herein are methods of enriching a population of magnetotactic algae cells (for example, increasing the number of magnetotactic algae cells in a population of algae cells). In further embodiments, disclosed herein are methods of selecting a transformed algae cell.

Abstract: A process for mixing seawater, feather additive, and one or more algae to prepare a nutrient-rich feedstock for cultivating, growing, and harvesting algae. The harvested algae are processed to produce biofuel, oil, nutrient supplements, and polymers used for cosmetics.

Abstract: Cultures of Chlamydomonas are disclosed comprising greater than 340 mg/l triacylglycerols (TAG). The cultures can include buoyant Chlamydomonas. Methods of forming the cultures are also disclosed. In some embodiments, these methods comprise providing Chlamydomonas growing in log phase in a first culture medium comprising a nitrogen source and acetate, replacing the first culture medium with a second medium comprising acetate but no nitrogen source, and subsequently supplementing the second medium with additional acetate. In some embodiments, a culture can comprise at least 1,300 mg/l triacyglycerols. In some embodiments, cultures can be used to produce a biofuel such as biodiesel.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the removal of contaminants from a liquid culture microalgae and/or cyanobacteria comprise an let tube, a pump, a gas injector, a vertical chamber, and/or a collection container that promotes the production of foam in the microalgae culture, wherein the foam contains the contaminants.

Abstract: A cyanobactenum that produces neutral lipids or alkanes, such as FAME OR FAEE, which may be used for biofuel production.

Abstract: A system for processing oil from algae is disclosed. Specifically, the system involves the use of a consortium of algae strains as its input, wherein each algae strain has a unique characteristic for resisting/dominating a particular operational/environmental factor. Also, the system recycles byproducts of the process for use as nutrients during algae growth and oil production. The system includes a conduit for growing algae and an algae separator that removes the algae from the conduit. Also, the system includes a device for lysing the algae and an oil separator to remove the oil from the lysed matter. Further, the system includes a biofuel reactor that receives oil from the oil separator and synthesizes biofuel and glycerin. Moreover, the algae separator, oil separator and biofuel reactor all recycle byproducts back to the conduit to support further algae growth.

Abstract: Genetically engineered microbial, e.g., Prototheca, cells provide microbial oil useful as a food additive and a source of renewable fuels and industrial chemicals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids by means of heterologous gene expression comprising the steps of providing a production organism which comprises a heterologous gene cluster encoding a polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway encompassing a subsequence ER encoding an enoylreductase and a subsequence AT encoding an acyltransferase, growing the production organism in the presence of a fermentable carbon source whereby one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids are produced, and optionally recovering the one or more polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract: a method for producing a hydrocarbon based product (e.g., biofuel or biodiesel), a microorganism (e.g., algae) that can be cultivated and harvested for producing a hydrocarbon based product, a method for producing a hydrocarbon based product from a by-product of biodiesel production, and a microorganism that can be cultivated from a by-product of biodiesel production and harvested for producing hydrocarbon based product.

Abstract: A process for separating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapen-taenoic acid (EPA) from less saturated long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in a lipid composition, wherein said PUFAs and LCFAs are present as (i) triglycerides, or (ii) free fatty acids or monoalkyl esters, by exchange of at least a portion of LCFAs with short and/or medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs). The process can suitably be employed on marine derived oil, marine oil 2 derived oil products and other sources of PUFAs, including PUFA-rich singe cell oils (SCOs), and oils from genetically modified organisms with a modified lipid metabolism. The inventive process is based on novel use of lipases and distillation techniques, selectively chemically modifying species in the substrate material such that the desired species and chemically similar species become sufficiently dissimilar to be separable.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for controlling molluscs, members of the Gastropoda and Bivalvia classes which includes but is not limited to lactones, lactams, carbamates, amides, and/or carboxylic acid containing compounds as active ingredients and/or compounds derived from Pseudomonas and/or Erwinia. Also provided are methods and compositions for increasing the efficacy of chemical and biological control for invasive molluscs in open waters, power plants, and drinking water treatment facilities under coldwater conditions.