Abstract: A method for separation and recovery of polymeric beads from an antibiotic fermentation broth comprising suspending a mixture of the beads and any inherent mold from the fermentation in an aqueous solution having a specific gravity which is effective to cause the beads to form a discrete layer at or on the surface of the solution, separate and apart from the mold. The separate layer of the beads may then be easily removed from the liquid by a conventional physical methods.

Abstract: A method for producing streptovaricin by culturing a streptovaricin producing strain in the presence of a nonionic adsorbent. This procedure substantially increases the production efficiency of the streptovaricin. A second embodiment wherein the streptovaricin producing strain is produced in the presence of fumaric acid or its water soluble salts to provide improvements in production efficiency is also disclosed.

Abstract: A natamycin producing Streptomyces species ferments to produce natamycin. A spore suspension of the Streptomyces species is propagated in a predetermined medium to obtain a quantity of Streptomyces cells. The Streptomyces cells ferment in a predetermined production medium having a controlled pH to produce a recoverable amount of natamycin.

Abstract: Described is a process for producing a new FK-506 antagonist agent, a C-21 hydroxylated analog of FR-900520 under novel fermentation conditions utilizing the novel microorganism, Streptomyces hygroscopicus (Merck Culture Collection MA 6832) ATCC No. 55166. The macrolide antagonist is useful in preventing and/or counteracting accidental or inadvertent FK-506 overdosage in an FK-506 therapeutic program designed to prevent autoimmune diseases or human host rejection of foreign organ transplants, e.g. bone marrow, liver, lung, kidney and heart transplants.

Abstract: Fermentation of the microorganism Streptomyces sp. MA6751 (ATCC No. 55043) in the presence of the Angiotensin II (A II) receptor antagonist ##STR1## yields an N2-glucuronide analog which is also an A II antagonist useful in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure and other indications known to respond to A II antagonists.

Abstract: The process for producing mureidomycin A, B, C or D or a salt thereof by cultivating Streptomyces flavidovirens SANK 60486, FERM BP-1347, in a culture medium therefor and isolating mureidomycin A, B, C or D or a salt thereof from the cultured broth.

Abstract: A process for inducing cytochrome P-450 enzyme production in bacteria of the genus Streptomyces using inducers such as soybean flour, genistein or genistin is described. Uses for the cytochrome P-450 enzymes produced are also discussed as is a process for using genetically engineered Streptomyces to determine the mutagenicity of chemicals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for selecting a mutant strain belonging to the genus Streptomyces which is a hyper-producer of Streptovaricin C superior to those know heretofore. This is accomplished by first subjecting a natural strain of Streptomyces spectabilis to conditions so as to isolate organisms which are streptovaricin resistant. The streptovaricin resistant organisms thus isolated are then subjected to mutagenesis and then cultured. The colonies which are asporogenous are individually cultured in fermentation batches such that the strains take the form of pellets of varying sizes and colors. From the batch having the most heterogeneous mixture of pellets, the smallest pellet or the pellet(s) having the deepest color (usually deep red or crimson) is isolated. We have discovered that the strain of this pellet has a high likelihood of being a hyperproducer of streptovaricin. The strain of this pellet may then be subjected to fermentation conditions to produce streptovaricin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for selecting a mutant strain belonging to the genus Streptomyces which is a hyper-producer of Streptovaricin C superior to those know heretofore. This is accomplished by first subjecting a natural strain of Streptomyces spectabilis to conditions so as to isolate organisms which are streptovaricin resistant. The streptovaricin resistant organisms thus isolated are then subjected to mutagenesis and then cultured. The colonies which are asporogenous are individually cultured in fermentation batches such that the strains take the form of pellets of varying sizes and colors. From the batch having the most heterogeneous mixture of pellets, the smallest pellet or the pellet(s) having the deepest color (usually deep red or crimson) is isolated. We have discovered that the strain of this pellet has a high likelihood of being a hyperproducer of streptovaricin. The strain of this pellet may then be subjected to fermentation conditions to produce streptovaricin.

Abstract: A microorganism for selective production of a specific compound of avermectin having one or more of the following properties:specific accumulation of avermectin compound "a",effective incorporation of isoleucine or its keto acid (3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid) into avermectin molecule, andmarkedly suppressed incorporation of valine or its keto acid (2-oxoisovaleric acid) into avermectin molecule.

Abstract: An acidic polycyclic ether antibiotic, having structure established by X-ray crystallography, is formed by fermentation of a novel microorganism, Streptomyces hygroscopicus ATCC 53626. This novel antibiotic is useful as an anticoccidial in chickens and as a growth promotant in cattle and swine.

Abstract: A process for the production and use of a xylanase enzyme, having a high specific activity, of use in the treatment and/or biobleaching of chemical pulps is described. The enzyme provides for a more commercially feasible process for the treatment of pulps, and lignocellulosic materials in general, which process provides improved results in delignification and brightening over conventional bleaching process, together with reduced bleaching chemical consumption and environmental impact.

Abstract: A newly discovered lignin peroxidase enzyme is provided. The enzyme is obtained from a bacterial source and is capable of degrading the lignin portion of lignocellulose in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme is extracellular, oxidative, inducible by lignin, larch wood xylan, or related substrates and capable of attacking certain lignin substructure chemical bonds that are not degradable by fungal lignin peroxidases.

Abstract: Described is a new process for producing the macrolide immunosuppressant, FK-506 under fermentation conditions utilizing the microorganism, Streptomyces sp., (Merck Culture Collection No. MA 6858) ATCC No. 55098. The immunosuppressant is useful in preventing human host rejection of foreign organ transplants, e.g. bone marrow and heart transplants.

Abstract: A method for separation and recovery of polymeric beads from an antibiotic fermentation broth comprising suspending a mixture of the beads and any inherent mold from the fermentation in an aqueous solution having a specific gravity which is effective to cause the beads to form a discrete layer at or on the surface of the solution, separate and apart from the mold. The separate layer of the beads may then be easily removed from the liquid by a conventional physical methods.

Abstract: Avermectin aglycones are glycosylated by fermentation in a medium of a non-producing mutant of Streptomyces avermitilis MA-6078. The glycosylation produces the monosaccharide and disaccharide derivatives while leaving the remainder of the molecule intact. The microorganism glycosylates with the .alpha.-L-oleandrose moiety.

Abstract: Novel macrolactones with pharmacological effects can be prepared with the aid of Streptoverticillium and Streptomycetes strains.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a one-step microbial process for the preparation of 13.beta.-hydroxy- or 14,15-epoxy-milbemycins of the following formulae I and II ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.1 ' represent methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or sec.-butyl or represent the group ##STR2## in which X represents methyl, ethyl or isopropyl, and A and A' represent the group ##STR3## in which R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, --C(O)-CH.sub.2 O-C(O)-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -COOH or --C(O)-CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -COOH, or mixtures of compounds of the formulae I and II, which process comprises bringing a milbemycin of the formula III ##STR4## dissolved in a liquid phase, in which R.sub.3 represents R.sub.1 or R.sub.1 ' and R.sub.4 represents A or A', and R.sub.1, R.sub.1 ', A and A' have the meanings given for formulae I and II, into contact with a microorganism that is capable of 13.beta.-hydroxylation or 14,15-epoxidation or of both reactions, or into contact with active constituents thereof.

Abstract: Compounds as described having the partial formula ##STR1## These compounds may have a 5-OH or --OMe group and at the 25- position an isopropylene group substituted by methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.The compounds may be used in agriculture or medicine as antiparasitics, and may be prepared by culturing certain Streptomyces strains, in particular Streptomyces thermoarchaensis NC1B 12015.

Abstract: The class II restriction endonuclease Sse 8387I is obtained from Streptomyces Sp 837 (FERM BP-3028). It recognizes the nucleotide sequence 5'-CCTGCA.dwnarw.GG-3' and cleaves at the position indicated by the arrow.

Abstract: A method for selecting hyper-producing strains of streptovaricin C by culturing streptomyces spectabilis and separating the asporogenous colonies. The asporogenous colonies are then separately cultured and tested for streptovaricin productivity. Those colonies having the highest productivity may then be easily selected.

Abstract: A novel .omega.-carboxyalcohol oxidase catalyzes at least one of the following reactions:a) R--CH.sub.2 OH+O.sub.2 .fwdarw.R--CHO+H.sub.2 O.sub.2b) R--CHO+O.sub.2 +H.sub.2 O.fwdarw.R--COOH+H.sub.2 O.sub.2wherein R is alkyl, alkenyl, .omega.-carboxyalkyl or .omega.- carboxyalkenyl. The enzyme has substrate specificity on at least 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid, 1-dodecanol, 1-decanol, 1-octanol and 1-hexanol, and has no substrate specificity on methanol, ethanol or glycerol. The enzyme does not require the presence of NAD or NADP for its use. Also disclosed is a process for producing the enzyme, an assay method for substrates of the enzyme, and a process for producing carboxylic acid employing the enzyme.

Abstract: A process for inducting cytochrome P-450 enzyme production in bacteria of the genus Streptomyces using inducers such as soybean flour, genistein or genistin is described. Uses for the cytochrome P-450 enzymes produced are also discussed as is a process for using genetically engineered Streptomyces to determine the mutagenicity of chemicals.

Abstract: The present invention, utilizing recombinant DNA technology, provides a novel method for obtaining 20-deoxotylosin from a tylosin producing microorganism. 20-deoxotylosin is useful as an antibiotic with a microbial inhibitory activity similar to tylosin.

Abstract: Streptomyces parvullus, DSM 3816, produces on aerobic fermentation new antibiotics which are distinguished by antimicrobial activity even after derivatization.

Abstract: An acidic polycyclic ether antibiotic, having structure established by X-ray crystallography, is formed by fermentation of a novel microorganism, Streptomyces sp. ATCC 55028. This novel antibiotic is useful as an anticoccidial in chickens, in the prevention or treatment of swine dysentery, as a growth promotant in cattle and swine, and as an anthelmintic in mammals, particularly in dogs, cats, sheep, cattle and swine.

Abstract: The AB-011 Antibiotics and the main components thereof: AB-011a and AB-011b, obtained by the controlled aerobial cultivation of Streptomyces s.p. NCIB 12629 in an aqueous nutrient cultivation medium. The AB-011 Antibiotics show a biological activity, and in particular an antifungal activity.

Abstract: A clerodane-type diterpene derivative, which has antibacterial and antitumor activities, as well as chemically equivalent tautomers thereof and a process for producing said derivative using a microorganism belonging to the genus Streptomyces.

Abstract: Biodegradation of deradeable plastic polyethylene by lignin degrading microorganisms.

Abstract: A method for selecting hyper-producing strains of streptovaricin C by culturing Streptomyces spectabilis and separating the asporogenous colonies. The asporogenous colonies are then separately cultured and tested for streptovaricin productivity. Those colonies having the highest productivity may then be easily selected.

Abstract: The object of this invention are de-mannosylated teicoplanin derivatives which can be obtained in good yield by microbiological transformation with cultures of Nocardia orientalis NRRL 2450 or Streptomyces candidus NRRL 3218.

Abstract: Fermentation of the microorganism Streptomyces sp. MA6744 (ATCC No. 55041) in the presence of the Angiotensin II (A II) receptor antagonist ##STR1## yields a 7-hydroxymethyl, a 5,7-dihydroxymethyl, a 7-carboxy and a 1'-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl analog, all of which are also A II antagonists useful in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure and other indications known to respond to A II antagonists.

Abstract: A compound having the formula (I): ##STR1## is described, together with salts thereof and an enzymatic process for converting such compounds into clavulanic acid.A process for the preparation of the compound of formula (I) and its salts is disclosed, together with intermediates for use therein. This process involves the use of a novel enzyme system to effect the desired cyclisation, which enzyme system is preferably derived from a micro-organism, in particular a species of Streptomyces.

Abstract: The AB-021 Antibiotics and the main components thereof: AB-021a Antibiotic and AB-021b Antibiotic, obtained by means of the controlled aerobial cultivation of Streptomyces sp. NCIB 40068 in an aqueous nutrient cultivation medium, are disclosed.The AB-021 Antibiotics show a biological activity against pathogenous fungi of agrarian cultivations, of human pathogenous fungi and of bacteria.

Abstract: A method for producing streptovaricin by culturing a streptovaricin producing strain in the presence of a nonionic adsorbent. This procedure substantially increases the production efficiency of the streptovaricin. A second embodiment wherein the streptovaricin producing strain is produced in the presence of fumaric acid or its water soluble salts to provide improvements in production efficiency is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of manufacturing inulotriose and/or inulotetrose by using an exo-type hydrolase capable of hydrolyzing a fructan only every 3 or 4 sugar units from a terminal fructose thereof, so as to produce inulotriose and/or inulotetrose, and of recovering the inulotriose and/or inulotetrose. The enzyme is produced by Streptomyces sp. MCI 2423 (FERM BP-2678) and Aureobacterium sp. MCI 2494 (FERM BP-2679).

Abstract: The cloning and characterization of a newly isolated gene, referred to as saf (secondary metabolism activation factor) is disclosed. This gene encodes a new amino acid polypeptide, referred to as the SAF polypeptide, which directly or indirectly modulates the expression of extracellular enzymes in Streptomyces. DNA units or fragments which encode the SAF polypeptides are also disclosed, as are vectors containing said DNA, host organisms transformed with such vectors, and processes for preparing extracellular enzymes or heterologous polypeptides by culturing such host organisms.

Abstract: Described is a new process for producing the macrolide immunosuppressant, FK-506 under fermentation conditions utilizing the microorganism, Streptomyces sp., (Merck Culture Collection No. MA 6858) ATCC No. 55098. The immunosuppressant is useful in preventing human host rejection of foreign organ transplants, e.g. bone marrow and heart transplants.

Abstract: A method of treating lignocellulosic material with a cellulase-free endo-xylanase for delignification, brightening and viscosity improvement. The endo-xylanase is obtained by the overexpression of the xylanase gene using a cellulase-negative recombinant microorganism of the genus Streptomyces. The recombinant microorganism is produced in a homologous cloning system in which the xylanase gene is inserted into a vector plasmid to provide the hybrid plasmid that is introduced into a host cellulase-negative mutant strain and said xylanase gene, said vector plasmid and said host mutant strain are obtained from microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces.

Abstract: A method for selecting hyper-producing strains of streptovaricin C by culturing streptomyces spectabilis and separating the asporogenous colonies. The asporogenous colonies are then separately cultured and tested for streptovaricin productivity. Those colonies having the highest productivity may then be easily selected.

Abstract: Antiparasitic compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## The broken line at the 22-23 position representing an optional double bond and either R.sup.1 is H or OH and the double bond is absent or the double bond is present and R.sup.1 is absent; R.sup.2 is optionally substituted phenyl, or a group of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein X is O, S or --CH.sub.2 --, abc and d are 0-2 and a+b+c+d.ltoreq.5 R.sup.3 is H or MeR.sup.4 is H, OH or 4'-(alpha-L-oleandrosyl)-alpha-L-oleandrosyloxy.The compounds are prepared by fermentation of Streptomyces avermitilis in the presence of an N-alkanoyl cysteamine thioester containing R.sup.2.

Abstract: This invention relates to new agents designated LL-F28249.alpha., LL-F28249.beta., LL-F28249.gamma., LL-F28249.delta., LLF28249.epsilon., LL-F28249.zeta., LL-F28249.eta., LL-F28249.theta., LL-F28249.iota., LL-F28249.kappa., LL-F28249.lambda., LL-F28249.mu., LL-F28249.nu., and LL-F28249.omega., to their production by fermentation, to methods for their recovery and concentration from crude solutions, to processes for their purification and to pharmaceutically and pharmacologically-acceptable salts thereof. The present invention includes within its scope the biologically pure culture which produces there agents, derived from a newly-discovered and previously uncultured microorganism, Streptomyces cyaneogriseus subsp. noncyanogenus, NRRL 15773.

Abstract: An antifungal compound, demethylallosamidin, represented by the formula: ##STR1## is disclosed. Methods of production and antifungal compositions comprising demethylallosamidin are also provided.

Abstract: Spiramycin antibiotic biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces ambofaciens are provided by the present invention, in addition to a variety of recombinant DNA vectors. The genes also function in other macrolide producing organisms. The genes can be used to increase or otherwise alter the macrolide antibiotic-producing ability of an organism. The present invention also provides host strains comprising mutant spiramycin biosynthetic genes which can be used to generate novel antibiotics. Also provided is a method for preparing the mutant gene comprising mutating cloned spiramycin biosynthetic DNA by transposon mutagenesis with subsequent transformation into a macrolide-antibiotic producing host and homologous recombination into its genome, to generate stable mutant cell lines.

Abstract: The invention relates to 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylbenz[b]phenanthridine-7,12-dione and its derivatives of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or the radical of formula II ##STR2## and salts of the compound, wherein R.sup.1 is the radical of formula II. These compounds can be obtained by means of a novel microbiological process and used for the therapeutic treatment of tumors.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an exo-type hydrolase capable of hydrolyzing a fructan only every 3 or 4 sugar units from a terminal fructose thereof to produce predominantly inulotriose and/or inulotetrose. The enzyme is produced by Streptomyces sp. MCI 2423 (FERM BP-2678) and Aureobacterium sp. MCI 2494 (FERM BP-2679).

Abstract: Fermentation of the microorganism Streptomyces sp. MA6751 (ATCC No. 55043) in the presence of the Angiotensin II (A II) receptor antagonist ##STR1## yields an N2-tetrazole .beta.-glucuronide analog which is also an A II antagonist useful in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure and other indications known to respond to A II antagonists.

Abstract: Nucleic acid probes capable of specifically hybridizing to rRNA of E. coli and Shigella species and not to rRNA of non-E. coli/Shigella are described along with methods utilizing such probes for the specific detection of E. coli and/or Shigella in food and other samples.

Abstract: Deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase obtained from cell-free extracts of Streptomyces clavuligerus was purified to near homogeneity and characterized in inactive form. The amino acid sequence was determined and the synthase recombinantly reproduced in active form in E. coli. The recombinantly produced synthase is provided in about 97% pure form by a chromatographic process. The synthase lacks DAOC hydroxylase function; however, it possesses the ability to transform 3-exomethylenocephalosporin C to deacetylcephalosporin C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of microbiologically prepared compounds and their mixtures, which are called efomycins, as performance promoters in farm animals and processes for their preparation, and furthermore new efomycins and their mixtures as new chemical compounds. The invention also relates to microorganisms which can be used for the preparation of the efomycins and their mixtures.