Abstract: The invention provides novel methods for optimizing the design of a fatty acid alkyl ester-containing biofuel (e.g. a biodiesel, a biodiesel blend, or a jet biofuel) and for identifying a fatty acid alkyl ester-containing biofuel's feedstock.

Abstract: An improved qualitative or semi-quantitative diagnostic test for low levels of any analyte, such as hCG, in a biological sample, such as urine. The test comprises of a test device containing reagents for the detection of the monitored analyte and an electronic reader that measures color development at a detection area of the device. The color development is converted to an electronic or digital signal. Improvements were made to the detection process to optimize the detection of a valid fluid front, increase the detection limit without compromising the reliability and accuracy of the test system, and improve the determination of test result validity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system containing an array of chemically sensitive sensors based on coated single walled carbon nanotubes, for measuring volatile organic compounds indicative of renal failure. Methods of breath analysis for diagnosing chronic, acute and end-stage renal failure are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of estimating the amount of unreacted starting materials (glycerides, methyl esters, etc.) and the composition of a biodiesel using TLC in conjunction with a lipophilic dye, Nile Red is described herein. The dye based TLC method of the present invention is convenient and provides significant advantages over existing methods for estimating the purity of a biodiesel composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for the analysis of delta 5 steroid compounds in a sample using supported liquid extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and systems for detecting explosives is disclosed and described. A sensor for detecting explosives can comprise a porous hydrophilic material modified with a titanium oxo compound having the following structure (I) where L is a ligand. Additionally, the porous hydrophilic material can be capable of detecting hydrogen peroxide vapor by complexing the titanium oxo compound and the hydrogen peroxide to provide a color change.

Abstract: Analyte monitoring devices and methods therefore are provided. The devices integrate various functions of analyte monitoring, e.g., sample acquisition and testing.

Abstract: A process for testing a composition as containing an artemisinin derivative is provided that includes contacting the composition with a reagent made up of a hydrogen bonding polar organic solvent and an acid having a pK value of less than 3.8 at 25° Celsius and capable of acid catalyzing a decomposition reaction of the artemisinin derivative so as to provide a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is allowed sufficient time at a reaction temperature for the artemisinin derivative to decompose to yield a colored decomposition product discerned by a normal unaided human eye. A kit for testing a composition for an artemisinin derivative according to the process is provided together with instructions for contacting the solvent and the acid with the composition to decompose the artemisinin derivative to yield the colored decomposition.

Abstract: A method of detecting a peroxidic explosive includes providing a sample which may comprise the peroxidic explosive. A mixture comprising at least one ionic liquid and at least one volatile organic solvent is provided. The sample is taken up in the mixture so as to provide a sample for detection. The sample for detection is analytically detected so as to determine whether it includes the peroxidic explosive.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for determining an amount of an analyte in a test sample. The methods involve preparing a calibration curve using standard samples containing an isotopically-labeled standard in a biological matrix.

Abstract: Various agents for improving adhesion of cold end coatings on glass surfaces are described Also described are agents for improving bonding between cold end coatings and organic inks. And, methods and related detection solutions for detecting the presence of cold end coatings on a substrate such as a glass bottle are disclosed. Additionally, particular additives and primers are described that can be applied onto cold end coatings for improving adhesion thereto.

Abstract: A molecule identification and quantitation method is provided wherein a mass tag is conjugated to an analyte and the signature ion of the mass tag remains attached to the analyte after tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation (MS-MS or MS2). Rather than losing the signature ion, a mass-balance part of the structure can be lost as a charge neutral group under tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation. The signature ion can be used for quantitation and, upon further fragmentation, can also provide ion-signals characteristic of the analyte and useful in identifying the analyte. In some embodiments, the ion-signals generated from a third mass spectrometry fragmentation (MS3) can be compared with a known mass spectrum, for example, from a look-up table, from a library, or from a database, to provide an unambiguous identification of the analyte.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for diagnosing, monitoring or prognosing Multiple Sclerosis at different stages as well as affording the prediction of disease activity and response to a treatment regimen, using at least one sensor comprising carbon nanotubes or metal nanoparticles, each coated with various organic coatings in conjunction with a pattern recognition algorithm.

Abstract: A vapochromic gold-copper complex [AuL2(Cu(Y)n)2](X)3 exhibiting luminescence is provided, where L is an N-heterocyclic carbene; Y is a heteroatom-containing ligand; X is an anion, and n is an integer having a value of 1 or 2, and solvates thereof. A reaction of [AuL2(Cu(Y)n)2](X)3 with water vapor or an organic compound vapor, for example, affords a modified complex that yields a change in luminescence color under UV excitation. These tricationic vapochromic materials exhibit large changes in the emission through ligand substitution reactions between the solid complex and vapors, which permit use in luminescent vapochromic sensors.

Abstract: This invention relates, inter alia, to detecting and/or measuring succinylacetone and one or more additional biological analytes using mass spectrometry.

Abstract: A method of preparing a dry stick test device for determining an analyte in a milk sample by chemical assay. At least one reagent pad is provided by impregnating a first porous material with an aqueous solution including a reagent capable of reacting with the analyte, a derivative of the analyte or an indicator compound for the analyte to provide a detectable signal when in a moistened state. The reagent pad is dried. A development pad is provided by impregnating a second porous material with an aqueous solution including at least one controlling compound which, when in a moistened state, is capable of providing a condition required for the reagent to react with the analyte to provide the detectable signal. The impregnated second porous material is dried. The first porous material is immobilized with the second porous material, on a solid support, to obtain the dry stick test device.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for determining an amount of an analyte in a test sample. The methods involve preparing a calibration curve using standard samples containing an isotopically-labeled standard in a biological matrix.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of detection of components in gas phase, and in particular to detection of nitric oxide exhaled as a component of breath, using a liquid crystal assay format and a device utilizing liquid crystals as part of a reporting system.

Abstract: A reactive mass label for labelling a biological molecule for detection by mass spectrometry, which label comprises a reactive functionality for labelling thiol groups or carbonyl groups. Also provided is a reactive mass label for labelling a biological molecule for detection by mass spectrometry, wherein the mass label comprises the following structure: X-L-M-S-Re wherein X is a mass marker moiety, L is a cleavable linker, M is a mass normalization moiety, S is a mass series modifying group comprising the following group: wherein J is C?O, K is NH, and n is 2 or J and K are both CH2 and n is 1, and wherein m is at least 1; and Re is a reactive functionality for attaching the mass label to a biological molecule.

Abstract: A method for the prevention or treatment of a condition selected from type 2 diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome comprising activating a GITRL pathway. Methods for screening for substances to treat these conditions, diagnosing or predicting these conditions and selecting and monitoring therapies.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a regio-and stereoselective bioconversion of selected aliphatic dinitriles into corresponding cyanocarboxylic acids. More particularly, the present invention provides methods for the conversion of 2-isobutyl-succinonitrile into (S)-3 cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid, which is a useful intermediate in the synthesis of (S)-3(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid (pregabalin). Pregabalin can be used for treating certain cerebral diseases, for example, in the treatment and prevention of seizure disorders, pain, and psychotic disorders.

Abstract: Provided is a method for the real-time visualization of an endogenous biomolecule to clarify the mechanisms of various diseases and enable diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Specifically provided is a novel method for visualizing an endogenous biomolecule by using a magnetic resonance method (including Overhauser MRI and the electron spin resonance method). The aforesaid visualization method, whereby an endogenous biomolecule is visualized on a real-time basis, comprises: a step for treating a living organism to be examined by a magnetic resonance method and thus acquiring data of the endogenous biomolecule; a step for processing the data of the endogenous biomolecule thus obtained to give imaging data; and a step for displaying the imaging data thus obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a disease diagnosis method, a marker screening method, and a marker using a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and more particularly, to a large intestine cancer diagnosis method, a large intestine cancer marker screening method, and a large intestine cancer marker using a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Specifically, the present invention provides a method diagnosing a disease using a pattern of secondary ion mass (m/z) peaks of biological samples measured using a time-of- flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) as a marker, a marker screening method being a reference judging an existence or non-existence of a disease, and a marker configured of specific secondary ion mass peaks.

Abstract: A chemical pre-concentrator is provided having a support structure, an airflow conduit, and a layer of a reactive chemical compound on a surface of the support structure is used for collecting and pre-concentrating at least one chemical analyte from a dilute sample. A method of concentrating a gaseous sample is provide that includes exposing the chemical pre-concentrator with a dilute gaseous sample that contains at least one chemical analyte; and forming a conjugate of the at least one chemical analyte. A method of diagnosing a disease state in a mammalian patient is provided using the chemical pre-concentrator.

Abstract: An exemplary test strip reading and analyzing system includes a test strip unit, a mobile device and a remote computing apparatus. The test strip unit includes at least one tested-object reacting region. The mobile device includes an image capture module for capturing a test-strip image of the test strip unit and a transmission module electrically coupled to the image capture module. The remote computing apparatus, installed with a test strip analyzing system, is for analyzing the test-strip image and accordingly generating an test report. The test-strip image captured by the image capture module is transmitted to the remote computing apparatus through the transmission module; and the test report generated by the remote computing apparatus is consequently transmitted to the mobile device.

Abstract: Ketoacidosis is an extreme and uncontrolled form of ketosis, which is a normal response to prolonged fasting. Embodiments of this invention test the ketone level of a patient by measuring the ketone bodies in breath condensation. Some embodiments include a device for medical testing comprising a hollow container, comprising powder mixture of sodium nitroferricyanide, ammonium sulfate and silica and a liquid including an ammonium hydroxide solution.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for determining an amount of an analyte in a test sample. The methods involve preparing a calibration curve using standard samples containing an isotopically-labeled standard in a biological matrix.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for inhibiting the sprouting of potato tubers are provided. The compositions comprise C3 to C14 aliphatic aldehydes and ketones, and/or C3 to C7 primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for analysis of fat-soluble components, in particular fat-soluble dyes, from biological materials, in particular foods and feeds, having facilitated extraction of the fat-soluble components from the biological materials with use of suitable dilution solutions and of the extractability using pertinent organic solvents or organic solvent mixtures and also an enrichment and separation method, with subsequent digital evaluation and documentation. It is proposed to treat the biological materials first with a dilution medium which makes the fat-soluble components more readily extractable from the complex biological matrix and subsequently with at least one organic solvent which extracts the components; the substances extracted into the organic supernatant are subsequently chromatographically enriched and separated and then visually assessed and/or measured.

Abstract: A chemical analysis method for the determination of RO(CH2CH2O)nH, RO(C2H4O)nA, and AO(C2H4O)nA in a mixture thereof, wherein R is an alkyl group, A is a functional group for coupling with a surface or a biologically active material or another thing of use and n is an integer greater than 10. The method includes derivatizing the A groups of the mixture with a derivatizing agent to form a derivatized mixture comprising RO(CH2CH2O)nH, RO(C2H4O)nAD, and DAO(C2H4O)nAD, wherein AD is the derivatized A group. The second step is chromatographing a sample of the derivatized mixture by liquid chromatography under critical conditions to determine the relative amounts of RO(CH2CH2O)nH, RO(C2H4O)nAD, and DAO(C2H4O)nAD in the derivatized mixture.

Abstract: A do-it yourself test kit as a diagnostic agent for the detection of malonyldiadeyde and other aldehydes in the urine, which are formed in the course of the lipid peroxidation process caused by the free radicals. Also disclosed is a process for the preparation of the test, including suggested formulations of antioxidants as body's protectors against oxidative stress to the cells and help to reduce the risk of developing diseases due to the attack of free radicals.

Abstract: A method for the equilibration of enriched isotope species and natural isotope species prior to mass spectrometric analysis using solid phase and/or microwave isotope ratio equilibration and measurement.

Abstract: A method that uses an (DOPC) surfactant based biofilm that reacts with a material in a known manner, and a device that utilizes such a biofilm, to detect a material of interest is provided. The principles of the present invention are particularly useful in detecting/measuring a material that is harmful to a human or to property.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for detection or determination of vitamin C by luminescence that employs a redox-responsive fluorogenic probe consisting of porphyrin or phthalocyanine with a nitroxide radical(s), or that employs a liposome preparation comprising the said redox-responsive fluorogenic probe. The present method can overcome the problems of prior art methods, and in particular, are applicable for bioimaging to allow elucidation of the behavior of vitamin C in vivo.

Abstract: Methods and kits for diagnosis and staging of shock, and especially non-septic shock are presented in which protease activities and/or volatile compounds are measured from a biological sample to so identify and/or stage shock.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for detecting and/or assaying and/or capturing at least one aldehyde, preferably formaldehyde, including a step of contacting a gas stream with a material comprising a nonporous metal oxide sol-gel matrix, said matrix containing at least one probe molecule bearing at least one reactive function capable of reacting with at least one aldehyde function. The invention also concerns the material for implementing said method, a method for preparing same, and sensors incorporating such materials.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide for detecting and/or screening for conditions associated with altered sterols by derivatization of sterols to provide suitable sensitivity and selectivity of detection using tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. Such testing may be performed to detect and/or screen for conditions such as Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, familial hypercholesterolaemia, and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, or certain bile acid disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for quantitatively determining impurities in the form of aldehydes and ketones in glycerin serving for preparing pharmaceuticals, in which the glycerin containing impurities is reacted with a derivatization reagent in a sample solution and the quantity of derivatized impurities is determined. Said method is characterized in that PFBHA, O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine hydrochloride, is used as the derivatization reagent, the derivatizing is conducted in the presence of a solubilizer in the form of a polar organic solvent, and liquid chromatographic separation and UV detection are performed. A subject matter of the invention is also the use of glycerin, in which the content of impurities of 9 ppm or less has been determined by means of the described method in a pharmaceutical preparation. According to the invention, impurities in glycerin can be better determined.

Abstract: A diagnostic method using biomarkers to predict future adverse coronary events is provided. More particularly, the present invention is directed to diagnostic tests for characterizing an individual's risk of developing or having cardiovascular disease. In certain embodiments, the method of the present invention quantitates the presence of elevated levels of chlorinated lipids derived from myeloperoxidase as a prognostic indicator of future adverse coronary events.

Abstract: The method of detection of biodiesel (FAMEs) in fuel includes the following steps: placing test fuel in a container, adding a 0.5 N solution of hydroxylamine in ethanol to the container, adding 20% sodium hydroxide solution to the container, heating the test fuel, the 0.5 N solution of hydroxylamine in ethanol, and the 20% sodium hydroxide solution in the container such that the test fuel, the 0.5 N solution of hydroxylamine in ethanol, and the 20% sodium hydroxide solution is boiling, adding 1 N hydrochloric acid to the container, adding 10% iron (III) chloride solution to the container, such that violet or pink appears in the container when there is biodiesel in the fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a means in the form of a test strip and a method for the rapid determination of the content of aldehydes in samples.

Abstract: The present invention provides for novel analogs of fresh human platelets for use in hematological instrument. Methods for preparing such analogs are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining whether or not a mammal is affected with a lung cancer. The method for determining whether or not a mammal is affected with a lung cancer of the present invention includes the steps of: (a) detecting whether or not anthranilic acid is contained in the urine excreted from the mammal; and (b) determining that the mammal is affected with a lung cancer when the anthranilic acid is detected as being contained in the urine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the detection of myelin and a quantitative measurement of its local concentration in a sample using a benzofuran compound or its radioisotope derivatives. In one embodiment a method of myelin detection comprises identifying a subject at risk of or diagnosed with a myelin-associated neuropathy, parenterally administering to the subject the benzofuran compound, or a derivative of the compound, and determining myelination in the subject by detecting binding in the sample. In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of imaging myelinated tissue in a surgical field of mammalian tissue comprising the steps of contacting the surgical site with the benzofuran compound or a radioisotope derivative of the compound, and detecting binding in the surgical site.

Abstract: Methods of assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease in a subject by detecting the level of at least one metabolite in a sample from the subject are disclosed herein. The level of the metabolite is indicative of the risk of cardiovascular disease in the subject. The metabolites may be acylcarnitines, amino acids, ketones, free fatty acids or hydroxybutyrate. The cardiovascular disease may be risk of a cardiovascular event, presence of coronary artery disease or risk of development of coronary artery disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the determination of the presence of methylmalonic acid in biologic samples including the steps of methylmalonic extraction from the sample; derivatization of methylmalonic acid and use of mass spectrometry with negative mode atmospheric pressure chemical ionization to determine the presence of methymalonic acid throughthe formation of an ion of mass to charge ratio (m/z) 477. An additional objective of the present invention concerns diagnosis kits for determination of presence and quantification of methylmalonic acid based on the method mentioned before.

Abstract: [Object] A screening method for a compound which is useful as an agent for treating 17?HSD type 5-related diseases and/or an agent for treating 17?HSD type 5-related cancer such as prostate cancer is provided. [Means for Solution] The present invention has been completed by establishing a screening method for a compound which is useful for treating 17?HSD type 5-related diseases, by manifesting a tumor by transplanting tumor cells to, for example, an immunodeficient mouse, topically administering a steroid which is a biosynthetic substance for a hormone into the tumor, and measuring the level of a hormone produced in the tumor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system comprising an array of chemically sensitive sensors based on coated single walled carbon nanotubes, for measuring volatile organic compounds indicative of renal failure. Methods of breath analysis for diagnosing chronic, acute and end-stage renal failure are disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for assessing if a patient is affected with a lung cancer. The method includes analyzing the presence and amount of cyclohexanone contained in the urine excreted from the patient and determining if the presence and amount of cyclohexanone is indicative of lung cancer.

Abstract: A method for rapidly detecting the presence of formaldehyde in a urine sample (e.g., urine or a urinary material associated therewith, such as headspace gas located associated with urine) is provided. The method includes contacting the urine sample with a substrate on which is disposed a colorant that is capable of undergoing a detectable color change in the presence of formaldehyde. Without intending to be limited by theory, it is believed that oxidation of the colorant by formaldehyde induces either a shift of the absorption maxima towards the red end of the spectrum (“bathochromic shift”) or towards the blue end of the spectrum (“hypsochromic shift”). The absorption shift provides a color difference that is detectable, either visually or through instrumentation, to indicate the presence of formaldehyde within the urine sample. For example, prior to contact with a urine sample, the colorant may be colorless or it may possess a certain color.