Abstract: Devices and techniques including process steps make use of recesses in conductive interconnect structures to form reliable low temperature metallic bonds. A fill layer is deposited into the recesses prior to bonding. First conductive interconnect structures are bonded at ambient temperatures to second metallic interconnect structures using direct bonding techniques, with the fill layers in the recesses in one or both of the first and second interconnect structures.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including: a first level including a plurality of first memory arrays, a plurality of first transistors, and a plurality of first metal layers; a second level disposed on top of the first level, where the second level includes a plurality of second memory arrays; and a third level disposed on top of the second level, where the third level includes a plurality of third transistors and a plurality of third metal layers, the third level is bonded to the second level, where the bonded includes oxide to oxide bonding regions and a plurality of metal to metal bonding regions, where the first level includes first filled holes (FFHs), where the second level includes second filled holes (SFHs), where the SFHs are aligned to the FFHs with a more than 1 nm but less than 40 nm alignment error, where the third level includes a plurality of Look-Up-Table circuits.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a package structure for a semiconductor device, comprising a three-layer film consisting of a first SiO2 film, a Si3N4 film and a second SiO2 film stacked in this order, wherein the first SiO2 film is formed by a thermal oxidation process, the Si3N4 film is formed by a low pressure chemical vapor deposition process, and the second SiO2 film is formed by a low temperature atomic layer deposition process. This disclosure also provides a method for preparing the package structure for a semiconductor device.

Abstract: A micro light-emitting component, a micro light-emitting structure and a display device are disclosed. The micro light-emitting component has a micro light-emitting chip and a buffer element. The micro light-emitting chip has a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface and a plurality of outer sidewalls. The buffer element is disposed on the outer sidewalls or the first surface of the micro light-emitting chip. The buffer element has an inner surface and an outer surface. An angle is defined between the inner surface and the first surface or an extended surface of the first surface. The angle is greater than or equal to 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees. Therefore, the buffer element prevents the first surface of the micro light-emitting chip from damaging by collision when the micro light-emitting chip is dropped with the first surface facing down during a transferring procedure.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for improved heat dissipation of the stacked semiconductor dies by including metallic thermal pads between the dies in the stack. In one embodiment, the thermal pads may be in direct contact with the semiconductor dies. Heat dissipation of the semiconductor die stack can be improved by a relatively high thermal conductivity of the thermal pads that directly contact the adjacent silicon dies in the stack without the intervening layers of the low thermal conductivity materials (e.g., passivation materials). In some embodiments, the manufacturing yield of the stack can be improved by having generally coplanar top surfaces of the thermal pads and under-bump metallization (UBM) structures.

Abstract: An image display element provides an image display element including a plurality of micro light-emitting elements arrayed in an array manner, and a semiconductor layer at which a drive circuit is disposed, the drive circuit being configured to supply a current to each of the plurality of micro light-emitting elements to cause light to be emitted, in which a transistor that constitutes the drive circuit and a wiring layer are disposed at a first surface of the semiconductor layer, the plurality of micro light-emitting elements are disposed at a second surface of the semiconductor layer that is an opposite side of the first surface, and the transistor and the wiring layer are electrically coupled to the micro light-emitting elements through a through substrate via that extends through the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A method of 3D printing to achieve a desired surface quality on at least one surface of a 3D printed object comprising selecting a base surface having the desired surface quality; and printing the 3D printed object on the base surface, so that the desired surface quality is imparted to one surface of the 3D printed object during printing. The surface quality may be glassiness, roughness, smoothness and texture in general. Objects may thus be manufactured in which electronic components are integrated in or under a glass-like surface.

Abstract: A chip package structure is provided. The chip package structure includes a substrate. The chip package structure includes a chip over the substrate. The chip package structure includes a bump and a first dummy bump between the chip and the substrate. The bump is electrically connected between the chip and the substrate, the first dummy bump is electrically insulated from the substrate, and the first dummy bump is wider than the bump. The chip package structure includes a first dummy solder layer under the first dummy bump and having a curved bottom surface facing and spaced apart from the substrate.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus configured to process a substrate includes a holder configured to hold, in a combined substrate in which a first substrate and a second substrate are bonded to each other, the second substrate; and a modifying device configured to form, to an inside of the first substrate held by the holder, a peripheral modification layer by radiating laser light for periphery along a boundary between a peripheral portion of the first substrate as a removing target and a central portion thereof, and, also, configured to form an internal modification layer by radiating laser light for internal surface along a plane direction of the first substrate. The modifying device switches the laser light for periphery and the laser light for internal surface by adjusting at least a shape or a number of the laser light for periphery and the laser light for internal surface.

Abstract: A bonding tool and a bonding method are provided. The method includes attaching a semiconductor die to a bonding tool having a first surface, wherein the bonding tool comprises a bending member movably arranged in a trench of the bonding tool, and the bending member protrudes from the first surface and bends the semiconductor die; moving the semiconductor die toward a semiconductor wafer to cause a retraction of the bending member and a partial bonding at a portion of the semiconductor die and the semiconductor wafer; and causing a full bonding between the semiconductor die and the semiconductor wafer subsequent to the partial bonding.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and electronic system, the device including a cell structure stacked on a peripheral circuit structure, wherein the cell structure includes a first interlayer dielectric layer and first metal pads exposed at the first interlayer dielectric layer and connected to gate electrode layers and channel regions, the peripheral circuit structure includes a second interlayer dielectric layer and second metal pads exposed at the second interlayer dielectric layer and connected to a transistor, the first metal pads include adjacent first and second sub-pads, the second metal pads include adjacent third and fourth sub-pads, the first and third sub-pads are coupled, and a width of the first sub-pad is greater than that of the third sub-pad, and the second sub-pad and the fourth sub-pad are coupled, and a width of the fourth sub-pad is greater than that of the second sub-pad.

Abstract: A substrate bonding apparatus includes a substrate susceptor to support a first substrate, a substrate holder over the substrate susceptor to hold a second substrate, the substrate holder including a plurality of independently moveable holding fingers, and a chamber housing to accommodate the substrate susceptor and the substrate holder.

Abstract: A method for forming an SOI substrate is provided. The method includes following operations. A recycle substrate is received. A first multilayered structure is formed on the recycle substrate. A trench is formed in the first multilayered structure. A lateral etching is performed to remove portions of sidewalls of the trench to form a recess in the first multilayered structure. The trench and the recess are sealed with an epitaxial layer, and a potential cracking interface is formed in the first multilayered structure. A second multilayered structure is formed over the first multilayered structure. The device layer of the recycle substrate is bonded to an insulator layer over an carrier substrate. The first multilayered structure is cleaved along the potential cracking interface to separate the recycle substrate from the second multilayered structure, the insulator layer and the carrier substrate. The device layer is exposed.

Abstract: Silicon carbide on insulator is provided by bonding bulk silicon carbide to a substrate with an oxide-oxide fusion bond, followed by thinning the bulk silicon carbide as needed. A doping-selective etch for silicon carbide is used to improve thickness uniformity of the silicon carbide layer(s).

Abstract: A first alignment resin (4) is formed in an annular shape on an electrode (3) of an insulating substrate (1). First plate solder (5) having a thickness thinner than that of the first alignment resin (4) is arranged on the electrode (3) on an inner side of the annular shape of the first alignment resin (4). A semiconductor chip (6) is arranged on the first plate solder (5). The first plate solder (5) is made to melt to bond a lower surface of the semiconductor chip (6) to the electrode (3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to producing an electro-optical phase shifter such that it may be integrated into a front-end of line of an electronic-photonic integrated circuit. A conducting bottom layer with a first refractive index is provided. A center layer including a ferroelectric material and with a second refractive index is provided on top of a first region of the conducting bottom layer, such that the center layer is not on top of a second region of the conducting bottom layer. A conducting top layer with a third refractive index is provided on top of the center layer. The second refractive index is lower than the first refractive index and lower than the third refractive index, such that the conducting bottom layer, the center layer, and the conducting top layer form a slot waveguide. A first electrical connector which connects the second region of the conducting bottom layer with an upper layer is provided.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment includes a first chamber, a second chamber, and a fluid pressure applier. The first chamber includes a first film and a first container. The first film is deformable. The first container contains an incompressible fluid that causes the first film to be deformed. The second chamber includes a second film and a second container. The second film faces the first film. The second film is deformable. The second container contains the incompressible fluid that causes the second film to be deformed. The fluid pressure applier is configured to apply a pressure to the incompressible fluid of each of the first chamber and the second chamber to cause the first film and the second film to be deformed in bonding a plurality of substrates to each other between the first film and the second film.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor die having a vertical transistor device with a source electrode, a drain electrode and a gate electrode, the semiconductor die having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface. A first metallization structure is located on the first surface and includes at least one source pad coupled to the source electrode, at least one drain pad coupled to the drain electrode and at least one gate pad coupled to the gate electrode, A second metallization structure is electrically insulated from the semiconductor die by the electrically insulating layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for wafer bonding. The method includes that, a first position parameter of a first alignment mark on a first wafer is determined by using a optical beam; a second position parameter of a second alignment mark on a second wafer is determined with the optical beam, the optical beam has a property of transmitting through a wafer; a relative position between the first wafer and the second wafer is adjusted with the optical beam according to the first position parameter and the second position parameter until the relative position between the first alignment mark and the second alignment mark satisfies a predetermined bonding condition; and the first wafer is bonded to the second wafer.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) substrate includes: forming a first dielectric layer on a first substrate; forming a buffer layer on a second substrate; forming a semiconductor cap on the buffer layer over the second substrate; forming a cleavage plane in the buffer layer; forming a second dielectric layer on the semiconductor cap after forming the cleavage plane; bonding the second dielectric layer on the second substrate to the first dielectric layer on the first substrate; performing a splitting process along the cleavage plane in the buffer layer; removing a first split buffer layer from the semiconductor cap; and removing a second split buffer layer from the second substrate.

Abstract: Implementations of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) die may include a silicon layer including a first side and a second side, and an insulative layer coupled directly to the second side of the silicon layer. The insulative layer may not be coupled to any other silicon layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a semiconductor device package including a first substrate, a second substrate disposed over the first substrate, an electronic component disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a spacer disposed between the first substrate and the electronic component, and a supporting element disposed on the first substrate and configured to support the second substrate. The spacer is configured to control a distance between the first substrate and the second substrate through the electronic component. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device package is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which comprises: a substrate; one or more active devices adjacent to the substrate; a first set of one or more layers to interconnect the one or more active devices; a second set of one or more layers; and a layer adjacent to one of the layers of the first and second sets, wherein the layer is to bond the one of the layers of the first and second sets.

Abstract: A method of forming an optoelectronic semiconductor device involves providing an amorphous substrate. A transparent and conductive oxide layer is deposited on the amorphous substrate. The transparent and conductive oxide layer is annealed to form an annealed transparent and conductive oxide layer having a cubic-oriented and/or rhombohedral-oriented surface. A nanorod array is formed on the cubic-oriented and/or rhombohedral-oriented surface of the annealed transparent and conductive oxide layer. The annealing of the transparent conductive oxide layer and the formation of the nanorod array are performed using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The nanorods of the nanorod array comprise a group-III material and are non-polar.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes bonding a first semiconductor wafer including a first substrate and a first insulating layer formed to contact one surface of the first substrate, and a second semiconductor wafer including a second substrate and a second insulating layer, forming a third insulating layer, performing etching so that the second insulating layer remains on a second wiring layer, forming a first connection hole, forming an insulating film on the first connection hole, performing etching of the second insulating layer and the insulating film, forming a second connection hole, and forming a first via formed in inner portions of the connection holes and connected to the second wiring layer, wherein a diameter of the first connection hole formed on the other surface of the first substrate is greater than a diameter of the first connection hole formed on the third insulating layer.

Abstract: A microsensor for detecting ions in a fluid, comprises: a field-effect transistor having a source, a drain, an active region between the source and the drain, and a gate disposed above the active region, an active layer, in which the active region is formed, a dielectric layer positioned beneath the active layer, a support substrate disposed under the dielectric layer and comprising at least one buried cavity located plumb with the gate of the field-effect transistor in order to receive the fluid.

Abstract: 3D semiconductor device including: a first level including a first single crystal layer and first transistors, and at least one first metal layer-which includes interconnects between the first transistors forming control circuits-which overlays the first single crystal layer; second metal layer overlaying first metal layer; a second level including second transistors, first memory cells (each including at least one second transistor) and overlaying second metal layer; a third level including third transistors (at least one includes a polysilicon channel), second memory cells (each including at least one third transistor and cell is partially disposed atop control circuits) and overlaying the second level; control circuits control data written to second memory cells; third metal layer disposed above third level; fourth metal layer includes global power distribution grid, has a thickness at least twice the second metal layer, disposed above third metal layer; fourth level includes single-crystal silicon, atop f

Abstract: A bonding method includes attracting and holding a first substrate by using a first holder; attracting and holding a second substrate by using a second holder; and forming a combined substrate by moving the first holder and the second holder relative to each other to bring the first substrate and the second substrate into contact with each other. The bonding method includes heating the first substrate and the second substrate or the combined substrate; and cooling the heated combined substrate by using a cooling unit. In the cooling, bending of the combined substrate is controlled by forming a temperature difference in the combined substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including: a first level including first memory arrays, a plurality of first transistors, and a plurality of first metal layers; a second level disposed on top of the first level, where the second level includes second memory arrays; a third level disposed on top of the second level, where the third level includes a plurality of third transistors and a plurality of third metal layers, where the third level is bonded to the second level, where the bonded includes oxide to oxide bonding regions and a plurality of metal to metal bonding regions, where the first level includes first filled holes, where the second level includes second filled holes, where the second filled holes are aligned to the first filled holes with a more than 1 nm but less than 40 nm alignment error, and where the third level includes decoder circuits.

Abstract: A conveying unit for conveying a device chip onto a predetermined electrode of a board has a chip chuck that holds under suction one surface of the device chip, a support base to which the chip chuck is fixed in an inclinable manner, and a moving unit that moves the support base, in which a fixing mechanism that fixes the chip chuck to the support base has a plurality of leaf springs extending laterally radially from the chip chuck, the plurality of leaf springs are connected to the support base in the surroundings of the chip chuck, and the plurality of leaf springs are pulled one another, so that the chip chuck is supported in air in an inclinable manner.

Abstract: The present application makes public a magnetic memory and a reading/writing method thereof, which magnetic memory comprises at least one cell layer, and the cell layer includes a plurality of parallel second wires that are disposed in a second plane, the first plane being parallel to the second plane, and projections of the second wires onto the first plane intercrossing the first wires; a plurality of storage elements that are disposed between the first plane and the second plane, the storage elements including magnetic tunnel junctions and bi-directional gating components connected in series along a direction perpendicular to the first plane, the magnetic tunnel junctions being connected to the first wires, the bi-directional gating components being connected to the second wires, and the bi-directional gating components being configured to be conductive upon application of a threshold voltage and/or a threshold current.

Abstract: A method for bonding semiconductor devices is provided. The method may include several operations. A wafer and a chip are formed. The wafer and the chip are disposed in a low-pressure environment. A planar surface of the chip is moved toward a planar surface of the wafer. A void is formed between the planar surface of the chip and the planar surface of the wafer. The chip is bonded to the wafer. A bonded structure of the chip and the wafer is disposed under a standard atmosphere and a size of the void is reduced. A system for forming a semiconductor structure is also provided.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a technique suitable for achieving low wiring resistance and reducing a variation in the resistance value between semiconductor elements to be multilayered in a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device in which the semiconductor elements are multilayered through laminating semiconductor wafers via an adhesive layer. The method of the present invention includes first to third processes. In the first process, a wafer laminate Y is prepared, the wafer laminate Y having a laminated structure including a wafer 3, wafers 1T with a thickness from 1 to 20 um, and an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness from 0.5 to 4.5 ?m interposed between a main surface 3a of the wafer 3 and a back surface 1b of the wafer 1T. In the second process, holes extending from the main surface 1a of the wafer 1T and reaching a wiring pattern of the wafer 3 are formed by a predetermined etching treatment.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides chip architectures for FPGAs and other routing implementations that provide for increased memory with high bandwidth, in a reduced size, accessible with reduced latency. Such architectures include a first layer in advanced node and a second layer in legacy node. The first layer includes an active die, active circuitry, and a configurable memory, and the second layer includes a passive die with wiring. The second layer is bonded to the first layer such that the wiring of the second layer interconnects with the active circuitry of the first layer and extends an amount of wiring possible in the first layer.

Abstract: A first regrowth layer and a second regrowth layer comprising GaAs having high resistance are regrown on a surface of an etching stop layer exposed to the bottom of a first groove and a second groove, and then n-type InGaAs is regrown on the first regrowth layer and the second regrowth layer, whereby a source region and a drain region configured to make contact with a channel layer are formed in the first groove and the second groove respectively.

Abstract: Handler wafers and methods of handling a wafer include positioning a handler, which is attached to a wafer by a bonding layer that comprises a debonding layer, an optical enhancement layer, and an anti-reflection layer. The handler is debonded from the wafer using a laser that emits laser energy at a wavelength that is absorbed by the debonding layer and that is confined to the debonding layer by the optical enhancement layer, such that the material of the debonding layer ablates when exposed to the laser energy to release the wafer.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a device having a cavity, includes: obtaining a device wafer including a first substrate and a device structure formed on the first substrate, depositing a first dielectric layer on the device wafer, etching the first dielectric layer to expose at least a part of the device structure and a part of the first substrate, depositing, after the etching, a second dielectric layer on the device wafer and the first dielectric layer, performing a surface treatment on a surface of the second dielectric layer, obtaining a second substrate, and bonding the second substrate with the second dielectric layer on the device wafer, thereby forming the cavity between the second substrate and the device wafer.

Abstract: A method includes forming a first package component, which formation process includes forming a first plurality of openings in a first dielectric layer, depositing a first metallic material into the first plurality of openings, performing a planarization process on the first metallic material and the first dielectric layer to form a plurality of metal pads in the first dielectric layer, and selectively depositing a second metallic material on the plurality of metal pads to form a plurality of bond pads. The first plurality of bond pads comprise the plurality of metal pads and corresponding parts of the second metallic material. The first package component is bonded to a second package component.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device manufacturing method in which semiconductor elements are formed into multiple layers through the lamination of wafers in which the semiconductor elements are fabricated, the method being suited for efficiently creating multiple layers of thin wafers while suppressing warping of a wafer laminate. The method of the present invention includes a preparation step, a thinning step, a bonding step, a removal step, and a multilayering step. In the preparation step, a reinforced wafer is prepared, the reinforced wafer having a laminated structure that includes: a wafer including an element forming surface and a back surface opposite from the element forming surface; a supporting substrate; and a temporary adhesive layer for forming temporary adhesion, the temporary adhesive layer being provided between the element forming surface side of the wafer and the supporting substrate.

Abstract: A method for transferring a useful layer to a carrier substrate, includes the following steps: a) providing a donor substrate including a buried weakened plane; b) providing a carrier substrate; c) joining the donor substrate, by its front face, to the carrier substrate along a bonding interface so as to form a bonded structure; d) annealing the bonded structure in order to apply a weakening thermal budget thereto and to bring the buried weakened plane to a defined level of weakening; and e) initiating a splitting wave in the weakened plane by applying a stress to the bonded structure, the splitting wave self-propagating along the weakened plane to result in the useful layer being transferred to the carrier substrate. The splitting wave is initiated when the bonded structure is subjected to a temperature between 150° C. and 250° C.

Abstract: A three-dimensional memory device includes an alternating stack of insulating layers and electrically conductive layers, memory openings vertically extending through the alternating stack, and memory opening fill structures located within the memory openings. Each of the electrically conductive layers includes a metallic fill material layer and a plurality of vertical tubular metallic liners laterally surrounding a respective one of the memory opening fill structures and located between the metallic fill material layer and a respective one of the memory opening fill structures. The tubular metallic liners may be formed by selective metal or metal oxide deposition, or by conversion of surface portions of the metallic fill material layers into metallic compound material portions by nitridation, oxidation, or incorporation of boron atoms.

Abstract: A highly thermal conductive substrate formed by bonding a device layer formed on a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer and a buried oxide film to an insulator substrate having a thermal conductivity of 40 W/m·K or more via a low-stress adhesive, wherein a thickness of the buried oxide film is 50 to 500 nm and a thickness of the adhesive is 0.1 to 10 ?m.

Abstract: A 3D semiconductor device including: a first level including a first single crystal layer and first transistors, and at least one first metal layer-which includes interconnects between the first transistors forming control circuits-which overlays the first single crystal layer; a second metal layer overlaying first metal layer; a second level including second transistors, first memory cells (each including at least one second transistor) and overlaying second metal layer; a third level including third transistors (at least one includes a polysilicon channel), second memory cells (each including at least one third transistor and cell is partially disposed atop control circuits) and overlaying the second level; control circuits control data written to second memory cells; third metal layer disposed above third level; fourth metal layer includes a global power distribution grid, has a thickness at least twice the second metal layer, and is disposed above third metal layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, the device including: a first level including a plurality of first memory arrays, where the first level includes a plurality of first transistors and a plurality of first metal layers; a second level disposed on top of the first level, where the second level includes a plurality of second memory arrays; a third level disposed on top of the second level, where the third level includes a plurality of third transistors and a plurality of third metal layers, where the third level is bonded to the second level, where the bonded includes oxide to oxide bonding regions and a plurality of metal to metal bonding regions, where the first level includes first filled holes, where the second level includes second filled holes, and where the third level includes a plurality of decoder circuits.

Abstract: A pressure sensor comprises a first sensing module comprising a first negative electrode and first support structures arranged at intervals on the first negative electrode. A first flexible insulating layer covers an upper surface of the first support structures and first positive electrodes are arranged at intervals on a lower surface of the first flexible insulating layer and distributed between the first support structures. A second sensing module comprises a second negative electrode disposed on the first flexible insulating layer and second support structures are arranged at intervals on the second negative electrode. A second flexible insulating layer covers an upper surface of the second support structures. Second positive electrodes are arranged on a lower surface of the second flexible insulating layer at intervals and distributed between the second support structures. The first support structures are offset from the second support structures.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to an integrated circuit (IC), including a first insulating layer which includes a first metal interconnect structure stacked above a bottom die. Including a substrate disposed above the first insulating layer, a second metal interconnect structure disposed above the substrate, a through-substrate via (TSV) directly connecting the first metal interconnect structure to the second metal interconnect structure, and a stacked deep trench capacitor (DTC) structure disposed in the substrate. The DTC structure includes a first plurality of trenches extending from a first side of the substrate and a second plurality of trenches extending from a second side of the substrate.

Abstract: A device, a system and a method for bonding two substrates. A first substrate holder has a recess and an elevation.

Abstract: An example of a method of micro-transfer printing comprises providing a micro-transfer printable component source wafer, providing a stamp comprising a body and spaced-apart posts, and providing a light source for controllably irradiating each of the posts with light through the body. Each of the posts is contacted to a component to adhere the component thereto. The stamp with the adhered components is removed from the component source wafer. The selected posts are irradiated through the body with the light to detach selected components adhered to selected posts from the selected posts, leaving non-selected components adhered to non-selected posts. In some embodiments, using the stamp, the selected components are adhered to a provided destination substrate. In some embodiments, the selected components are discarded. An example micro-transfer printing system comprises a stamp comprising a body and spaced-apart posts and a light source for selectively irradiating each of the posts with light.

Abstract: Methods for improving wafer bonding performance are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a method for bonding a pair of semiconductor substrates is disclosed. The method includes: processing at least one of the pair of semiconductor substrates, and bonding the pair of semiconductor substrates together. Each of the pair of semiconductor substrates is processed by: performing at least one chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and performing at least one chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). One of the at least one CVD is performed after all CMP performed before bonding.

Abstract: A multilayer structure including a hexagonal epitaxial layer, such as GaN or other group III-nitride (III-N) semiconductors, a <111>oriented textured layer, and a non-single crystal substrate, and methods for making the same. The textured layer has a crystalline alignment preferably formed by the ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) texturing process and can be biaxially aligned. The in-plane crystalline texture of the textured layer is sufficiently low to allow growth of high quality hexagonal material, but can still be significantly greater than the required in-plane crystalline texture of the hexagonal material. The IBAD process enables low-cost, large-area, flexible metal foil substrates to be used as potential alternatives to single-crystal sapphire and silicon for manufacture of electronic devices, enabling scaled-up roll-to-roll, sheet-to-sheet, or similar fabrication processes to be used.