Abstract: It is possible to prolong service life of a discharge lamp of hot-cathode type and to reduce a diameter thereof. A discharge lamp 1 is provided with an electrode 3. The electrode 3 has a heater 4 made up a coil portion 4a, and a first lead wire portion 4b and a second lead wire portion 4c that respectively extend from rear ends of this coil portion 4a and applied by an electron emission material 3a. In the electrode 3, a first lead-in wires 6a is connected to the first lead wire portion 4b and a second lead-in wires 6b is connected to the second lead wire portion 4c, so that the coil portion 4a is arranged vertically along the tube axis of the glass tube 2. The electrode 3 is also provided a sleeve 7 covering surrounding of the coil portion 4a and having openings in the faces respectively opposite to the forward end and rear end of the coil portion 4a. An open end 7a of the sleeve 7 exceeds a forward end of the coil portion 4a, thereby protecting the coil portion 4a.

Abstract: A method of making an organic light emitting display device is capable of enhancing the accuracy of a lighting test. The method of making an organic light emitting display device comprises: forming at least one first panel on top of a large substrate and forming at least one second panel on a bottom of the large substrate; forming independent pads, each receiving and transferring power supply from the exterior to the panels formed on the large substrate, the number of independent pads being the same as the number of panels; and forming independent wires between the panels and pads, the independent wires between the panels and pads each having the same length.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a metal oxide electrode and an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display using the same are provided. The method includes providing a substrate inside a chamber, providing Al2O3 doped ZnO (AZO) including zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) inside the chamber, providing indium tin oxide (ITO) including indium oxide (In2O3) and tin oxide (SnO2) inside the chamber, and applying a direct current (DC) power to a material including AZO and ITO to form an IAZTO electrode on the substrate.

Abstract: A constitution that conductive members respectively having micropatterns are arranged in high density is manufactured in high accuracy. A conductive film is formed on a substrate, a negative photosensitive resin is applied, the applied resin is exposed by using a first mask having plural fine-width apertures extending in Y direction, and the resin is then exposed and developed by using a second mask having plural apertures extending in X direction perpendicular to Y direction, thereby forming a first resist. After the conductive film is etched by using the first resist as a mask, a negative photosensitive resin is again applied, and exposure and development are performed as shifting the second mask in Y direction, thereby forming a second resist. The conductive film is etched by using the second resist as a mask to eliminate unnecessary areas, thereby forming the conductive film having minute-lines extending in Y direction.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp includes a discharge vessel surrounded by an outer envelope with clearance and has a ceramic wall which encloses a discharge space filled with a filling comprising an inert gas, such as xenon (Xe), and an ionizable salt. In the discharge space, two electrodes are arranged whose tips have a mutual interspacing so as to define a discharge path between them. The ionizable salt comprises NaI, TlI, CaI2 and X-iodide wherein X is selected from the group comprising rare earth metals.

Abstract: A touch panel including a substrate, at least one first sensing series and at least one second sensing series is provided. The first sensing series is disposed on the substrate and extends along a first direction. The first sensing series includes several first sensing pads and at least one first bridge line. The first bridge line connects two adjacent first sensing pads, and a material of the first bridge line differs from a material of the first sensing pads. The second sensing series is disposed on the substrate and extends along a second direction. The first direction is different from the second direction. The second sensing series includes several second sensing pads and at least one second bridge line. The second bridge line connects two adjacent second sensing pads.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for a discharge lamp, particularly a ceramic metal halide (CMH) lamp, having a ceramic body defining a discharge chamber and at least one leg having an opening therethrough. An electrode assembly is received at least in part in the body, preferably including a niobium mandrel, a molybdenum mandrel, and a molybdenum overwind received over the mandrel. A tungsten portion is then joined to the molybdenum composite. Adjacent turns of the overwind are spaced by a gap to facilitate receipt of an associated seal material on the overwind and the molybdenum mandrel. The gap is approximately 10% to 50% of the dimension between adjacent turns of the overwind relative to a diameter of the overwind.

Abstract: A lamp includes a discharge sustaining fill which includes mercury halide, cesium halide, optionally one of indium halide and thallium halide, and a rare earth halide component selected from dysprosium halide, holmium halide, and thulium halide. In operation without a jacket, the lamp may have a color temperature of about 5300K to 6000K, a color rendering index of at least about 92 and an efficacy of at least about 85 LPW.

Abstract: An electron emission device which can uniformly emit electrons and can be simply manufactured at a reduced cost, and a display apparatus having improved uniform brightness of pixels by using the electron emission device. In addition, a simple method of manufacturing the electron emission device. The electron emission device includes: a first substrate; a cathode electrode and an electron emission unit disposed on the first substrate; a gate electrode electrically insulated from the cathode electrode; an insulating layer disposed between the cathode electrode and the gate electrode to insulate the cathode electrode from the gate electrode; and an electron emission source including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that contact the cathode electrode, wherein distances between the gate electrode and the tips of the CNTs are uniform.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a paste for forming a PDP electrode, a method of manufacturing a PDP electrode using the paste, and a PDP including the electrode. The paste includes an aluminum solution containing aluminum particles and a surface treatment agent. The aluminum particles have an average particle size of about 5 ?m or less. The surface treatment agent is configured to withstand sintering temperatures of about 550° C. or greater, and remains on the surface of the aluminum particles after sintering. The electrode manufactured from the paste has a specific resistance of about 20 ??·cm or less, making it suitable for use as an electrode in a PDP having a reliability of 90% or greater.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a sheet-shaped electrode for an electrostatic coalescing device. A layered material structure including an electrically conductive layer for forming a conductive member of the electrode and two electrically non-conductive insulation layers are arranged in an envelope. The insulation layers include thermoplastic or thermoset material for forming the insulation of the electrode. The conductive layer is arranged between the insulation layers. The envelope is sealed. Gas is evacuated from the envelope. The material structure is heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the thermoplastic material or above the curing temperature of the thermoset material so as to consolidate the material structure while keeping the material structure inside the evacuated envelope. The material structure is cooled and removed from the envelope.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment low stress electrode and a preferred array of microcavity plasma devices of the invention include a plurality of thin metal first electrodes and stress reduction structures and/or geometries designed to promote the flatness during and after processing. The first electrodes are buried in a thin metal oxide layer which protects the electrodes from the plasma in the microcavities. In embodiments of the invention, some or all of the electrodes are connected. Patterns of connections in a one- or two-dimensional array of microcavities can be defined. In preferred embodiments, the first electrodes comprise circumferential electrodes that surround individual microcavities. A second thin layer having a buried, second electrode is bonded to the first thin layer. A packaging layer, e.g., a thin glass or plastic layer, seals the discharge medium (a gas or vapor, or a combination of the two) into the microcavities.

Abstract: A transparent cathode electrode technology for an electroluminescent display device having a top emission structure, provides a top emission type electroluminescent display device and a method to manufacture the same. Oxidation of a substrate film can be reduced or prevented during the film formation of a metal oxide. Electronic equipment including this display device is also provided. A first electrode, a function layer including a luminescent layer, and a transparent second electrode made of a metal oxide are laminated on the substrate in that order from the lower surface. At this time, the oxygen concentration in the second electrode is made to vary in the film thickness direction, and the oxygen concentration in the vicinity of the interface between the second electrode and the function layer is made lower than the average oxygen concentration in the second electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the thermal treatment of tungsten electrodes having a fibrous mocrostructure and being free from thorium oxide for high-pressure discharge lamps, to such a tungsten electrode free from thorium oxide, to a method of manufacturing a high-pressure gas discharge lamp with at least one such tungsten electrode free from thorium oxide, to a high-pressure gas discharge lamp with at least one such tungsten electrode free from thorium oxide, and to a lighting unit with at least one such high-pressure gas discharge lamp.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display unit and a display unit capable of decreasing particles caused by a sputtering target of an oxide electric conductor and obtaining favorable electric conductive characteristics between a metal and the oxide electric conductor in the case where a first electrode has a laminated structure including the metal and the oxide electric conductor are provided. The method of manufacturing a display unit having a display layer between a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein a step of forming the first electrode includes the steps of: forming a laminated structure sequentially including a first layer made of a metal and a second layer made of a metal whose oxide exhibits electric conductivity over a substrate; and providing surface oxidation treatment after forming the laminated structure and thereby forming an oxide electric conductor film in at least part in a thickness direction of the second layer.

Abstract: A method of modifying a work function of a conductor surface for use in organic light emitting devices. A plasma treatment is performed on the conductive layer. The plasma treatment employs a mixing gas comprising a nitrogen-containing gas for decreasing the work function and an oxygen-containing gas for increasing the work function. A flow ratio of the nitrogen-containing gas to the oxygen-containing gas is controlled to modify the work function.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which can decrease periodical stripe-shaped irregularities is provided. In an active-matrix-type liquid crystal display device, a width of a stripe-shaped irregularity generating region where distance between a pixel electrode and a counter electrode changes is set to 50 ?m less. To be more specific, at the time of exposing a resist pattern on a TFT substrate, by scanning an exposure light plural times using a direct drawing exposure machine, a width of an overlapping region of exposure regions which is generated in scanning is set to 50 ?m or less thus setting the width of the stripe-shaped irregularity generating region to 50 ?m or less.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a field emission electron source includes: (a) Providing a carbon nanotube (CNT) film, the CNT film has a plurality of CNTs, the CNTs are aligned along a same direction; a first electrode and a second electrode. (b) Fixing the two opposite sides of the CNT film on the first electrode and the second electrode, the CNTs in the CNT film extending from the first electrode to the second electrode. (c) Treating the CNT film with an organic solvent to form at least one CNT string. (d) Applying a voltage between two opposite ends of the CNT string until the CNT string snaps, thereby at least one CNT needle, the CNT needle has an end portion and a broken end portion. (e) Securing the CNT needle to a conductive base by attaching the end portion of the CNT needle to the conductive base.

Abstract: A vehicle lighting device manufacturing method, for joining a transparent cover with a housing ray welding, includes: a preliminary heating step of preparing welding portions of the transparent cover and the housing, and of forming, on part of the welding portion of the transparent cover and/or the housing, a built-up portion, which overlays a welding portion in a design, and heating and softening the built-up portion; a pressure-bonding step of pressure-bonding the welding portion of the transparent cover to the welding portion of the housing; and a welding step of welding the transparent cover and the housing that are pressure-bonded together by the emission of a light beam that irradiates the welding portion of the transparent cover and the housing along the entire length of edges.

Abstract: A method for producing a durable electron-emitting device having a uniform electron emission characteristic, an electron source, and an image-forming apparatus having a uniform display characteristic for a long period are provided. The method for producing an electron-emitting device according to the present invention includes the steps of: disposing a cathode electrode on a surface of a substrate; providing an electrode opposite the cathode electrode; disposing plural pieces of fiber containing carbon as a main component on the cathode electrode; and applying potential higher than potential applied to the cathode electrode under depressurized condition to an electrode opposite the cathode electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light-transmitting metal electrode including a substrate and a metal electrode layer having plural openings. The metal electrode layer also has such a continuous metal part that any pair of point-positions in the part is continuously connected without breaks. The openings in the metal electrode layer are periodically arranged to form plural microdomains. The plural microdomains are so placed that the in-plane arranging directions thereof are oriented independently of each other. The thickness of the metal electrode layer is in the range of 10 to 200 nm.

Abstract: A display device includes plural pixels each including a pixel electrode and a transparent electrode formed above the pixel electrode and an auxiliary wiring formed between light emitting regions each in each of the pixels on the transparent electrode, in which the auxiliary wiring is a metal wiring in a stripe shape formed on a resin. The transparent electrode is formed in common with each of the pixels, and a sheet resistance obtained by combining the transparent electrode with the metal wiring is 10 ?/? or less. The metal wiring is Cu, Al or SUS. A blackening treatment is applied to the metal wiring. The transparent electrode is ITO, IZO or ZnO. The metal wiring is formed in a non-light emitting region between the light emitting regions in each of the pixels in an extending direction of a scanning line. The resin is PET, TAC or POC.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device capable of preventing the damage of wires disposed in a boundary region of a pad block includes an organic light emitting display panel including a pixel unit and a pad block electrically coupled to the pixel unit; coupling wires extended from the pixel unit to the pad block to electrically couple the pad block to the pixel unit; an insulating layer disposed on one region of the coupling wires disposed in a boundary region of the pad block and formed in a direction that crosses a direction in which the coupling wires are extended; and an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) formed on the insulating layer to be overlapped with the one region of the insulating layer in the boundary region of the pad block and to cover the entire surface of the pad block.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing a display medium, the manufacturing apparatus including an image data storing unit that stores image data for text or image to be displayed on the display medium; an electrode pattern generating unit that generates an electrode pattern based on the image data stored in the image data storing unit so that when the text or image is configured of a plurality of independent regions, the electrode pattern has a plurality of integrally and electrically connected electrodes corresponding to a plurality of regions; an electrode forming unit that forms the first electrode on either an electrophoretic medium integrally configured of the second substrate, the second electrode, and the electrophoretic layer or the first substrate based on the electrode pattern generated by the electrode pattern generating unit; and a bonding unit that bonds the electrophoretic medium to the first substrate after the electrode forming unit has formed the first electrode.

Abstract: A display device includes lead wiring drawn out from a display region to a peripheral region of the display region; a first insulating film covering the lead wiring disposed on a substrate; a plurality of pieces of annular wiring disposed in a state of enclosing the display region in a multiple manner between the display region and the peripheral region on the first insulating film; a second insulating film covering the annular wiring disposed above the substrate, and having a groove pattern having each of the pieces of annular wiring as a bottom surface; and a light emitting element disposed on the second insulating film within the display region.

Abstract: There are provided cold cathode fluorescent lamp with high quality and high reliability and method of manufacturing the cold cathode fluorescent lamp, the cold cathode fluorescent lamp making it possible to reduce the amount of a portion on which a sputter phenomenon occurs thereby reducing the discharge start-up time in the cold cathode fluorescent lamp, and to maintain stable discharge for a long period of time thereby improving the dark start-up characteristic as well as high luminance and long life properties.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing an image display apparatus of the present invention includes the steps of forming the leading wires C on the rear plate, and forming the thin film insulating layer on the leading wires C by the CVD process or the sputter process. Furthermore, the method also includes the step of seal-bonding the conductive supporting frame on the thin film insulating layer with the seal-bonding material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a precursor to an electron-emitting device includes the steps of preparing an electron-emitting member, and alternately exposing the electron-emitting member to an oxygen-containing gas and a metal-containing gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an in-plane switching mode LCD and a method of manufacturing the same, in which data electrodes and common electrodes in a unit pixel have the same light transmitting area to reduce the luminance difference according to positive or negative polarity of an applied DC voltage. The in-plane switching mode LCD comprises first and second substrates; a plurality of pixel areas defined on the first substrate; data electrodes and common electrodes alternately formed in each of the pixel areas and patterned to have the same light transmitting area according to the applied voltage; and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A combined cermet rod and electrode unit for use in a high pressure discharge lamp comprising a cermet rod for connection at its distal end to an electrode tip of the high pressure discharge lamp, and a current supply electrode for forming an electrical connection with the cermet rod. The current supply electrode is formed with a hollow tubular section which is positioned around a proximal end of the cermet rod in physical and electrical contact therewith.

Abstract: A CNT electron source, a method of manufacturing a CNT electron source, and a solar cell utilizing a CNT patterned sculptured substrate are disclosed. Embodiments utilize a metal substrate which enables CNTs to be grown directly from the substrate. An inhibitor may be applied to the metal substrate to inhibit growth of CNTs from the metal substrate. The inhibitor may be precisely applied to the metal substrate in any pattern, thereby enabling the positioning of the CNT groupings to be more precisely controlled. The surface roughness of the metal substrate may be varied to control the density of the CNTs within each CNT grouping. Further, an absorber layer and an acceptor layer may be applied to the CNT electron source to form a solar cell, where a voltage potential may be generated between the acceptor layer and the metal substrate in response to sunlight exposure.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an organic electroluminescent device having an organic functional layer formed between facing electrodes, the method includes forming separators which separate either of the electrodes into a strip, forming an electrode film between the separators with a vapor deposition method, and placing a further electrode material on the electrode film which is formed between the separators with the vapor deposition method.

Abstract: Provided are a sheet for manufacturing a plasma display apparatus, and a method for manufacturing the plasma display apparatus. The sheet includes a base film; a photoresist layer formed on the base film; an electrode material layer formed on the photoresist layer; and a cover film formed on the electrode material layer.

Abstract: An upper substrate for a touch screen panel includes an upper base substrate, a plurality of conductive spacers disposed on the upper base substrate, a height of the conductive spacers substantially adjacent to a center of the upper base substrate being smaller than a height of the conductive spacers substantially adjacent to a periphery of the upper base substrate, a common electrode disposed on the upper base substrate, and a plurality of supporting spacers disposed between the conductive spacers on the common electrode, the supporting spacers having a height greater than the height of the conductive spacers.

Abstract: An organic EL device which drives over a wide range from low brightness to high brightness for light source applications, operates stably over a wide range of brightness and has excellent life property is provided. The device comprises at least one pair of electrodes 2 and 5, and a plurality of functional layers disposed between the electrodes 2 and 5, the functional layers comprising a layer 4 having the light emitting function, which is composed of at least one polymeric material and contains an organic solvent and a charge injection layer 3 composed of at least one inorganic material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electron-emitting device according to the present invention includes a step of preparing a carbon layer containing conductive metallic particles, a step of oxidizing a portion the conductive metallic particles, and a step of forming a dipole layer on a surface of the carbon layer. An electron-emitting device according to the present invention is manufactured by the manufacturing method for the electron-emitting device. An electron source according to the present invention includes a plurality of the electron-emitting devices. An image display apparatus according to the present invention includes the electron source and a image forming member which forms an image by an electron emitted from the electron source.

Abstract: A display device having a plurality of driving elements and wiring parts electrically connected to the driving parts, the display device includes: a plurality of first electrodes which are formed in correspondence to each driving element on the driving elements and the wiring parts; a plurality of light-emitting parts which are each formed on the first electrodes; a common second electrode which is formed from a material that transmits light from the light-emitting part and is formed on the light-emitting parts; auxiliary wiring parts with a lower resistance than the second electrodes; and contact parts which are formed in laminate structure from a plurality of conductive layers and which electrically connect the second electrodes and the auxiliary wirings with each other, with at least the lowermost conductive layer of the conductive layers of the contact parts being in direct contact with the second electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a discharge lamp comprising a sealed bulb that accommodates two electrodes (3) of refractory material positioned opposite to each other. At least one of said electrodes comprises at least a portion (4) of reshaped extruded refractory material. Accordingly, an extruded product (P) can be provided with a complicated shape. The invention also relates to an electrode and a method of manufacturing at least a portion (4) of an electrically conductive component for a discharge lamp, in particular a HID or UHP lamp.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrophoretic sheet includes forming a first adhesive layer on a first release sheet, forming a second adhesive layer on a second release sheet, forming an electrophoretic layer on one side of the first adhesive layer, and coupling the electrophoretic layer to the second adhesive layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a discharge lamp comprising a sealed transparent bulb accommodating two electrodes, wherein at least one of said electrodes has at least a porous portion comprising first particles with a first mean particle site (?1) defined by a first particle size distribution (11) and second particles (20) with a second mean particle size (?2) defined by a second particle size distribution (21). The first mean particle size (?1) is smaller than said second mean particle size (?2). Consequently, an electrode portion with a higher porosity and a longer lifetime is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diamond electron source exerting stable and excellent electron emission characteristics, which can be used for a cold cathode surface structure operable with low voltage and a method for producing the diamond electron source. Specifically, the diamond electron source having a carbon-terminated structure has a structure composed of an electrode and a diamond film and emits electrons or electron beams from the diamond film when voltage is applied to the electrode. The diamond film is made of diamond having a carbon-terminated structure. The method for producing the diamond electron source is also provided herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode for a discharge lamp (I) with a cylindrical shaft (12) and a tip (11) which adjoins the cylindrical shaft (12), wherein a first material region (13) forming a core is formed in the longitudinal direction (A) of the electrode (1), and the core is surrounded, at least in regions, by a second material region (14) forming a casing. The invention also relates to a discharge lamp having such an electrode and to a method for producing an electrode for a discharge lamp.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a touch panel is provided. First, a first substrate having a first electrode layer is provided. Then, a sealant is formed on the first substrate, and the sealant surrounds a periphery of the first substrate to define a closed area. Next, a dielectric material is dripped in the closed area. Then, a second substrate having, a second electrode layer is provided. The first substrate and the second substrate are assembled and joined by the sealant, such that the dielectric material fills the closed area to form a dielectric layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. The touch panel has good quality, and the yield rate of the method of fabricating the touch panel is high.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for improving the field emission of an electron field emitter comprised of an acicular emitting substance such as acicular carbon, an acicular semiconductor, an acicular metal or a mixture thereof, comprising applying a force to the surface of the electron field emitter wherein the force results in the removal of a portion of the electron field emitter thereby forming a new surface of the electron field emitter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device displaying a predetermined pattern comprising an organic electroluminescence element comprising a transparent anode, an organic electroluminescent compound layer, a cathode buffer layer patterned predetermined pattern and a cathode insulating substrate. The display device can display a predetermined pattern with high electrical power efficiency by a simple structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sheet-shaped heat and light source. The sheet-shaped heat and light source includes a carbon nanotube film and at least two electrodes. The at least two electrodes are separately disposed on the carbon nanotube film and electrically connected thereto. The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes arranging isotropically, along a fixed direction, or along different directions. Moreover, a method for making the sheet-shaped heat and light source and a method for heating an object adopting the same are also included.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device and a method for manufacturing the same, in which a thin film transistor is covered by one electrode of a luminescence device, a shield layer, or an insulating layer, so that it is prevented from being exposed to natural light or X-rays, are disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a backplane for an organic electronic device. The backplane has a TFT substrate; a thick organic planarization layer; a multiplicity of electrode structures; and a thin insulative inorganic bank structure defining a multiplicity of pixel openings on the electrode structures.

Abstract: A white light-emitting microcavity light-emitting diode device, comprising: a) A reflective electrode and a semi-transparent electrode formed over a substrate and an unpatterned white-light-emitting layer formed between the reflective electrode and the semi-transparent electrode, the reflective electrode, semi-transparent electrode, and unpatterned white-light-emitting layer forming an optical cavity. Either the reflective or semi-transparent electrode is patterned to form independently-controllable light-emitting sub-pixel elements. b) Color filters are formed over a side of the semi-transparent electrodes opposite the unpatterned white light-emitting-layer in correspondence with the independently-controllable light-emitting elements to form colored sub-pixels. At least one independently-controllable light-emitting element has at least two commonly-controlled portions that together emit substantially white light to form a white sub-pixel.

Abstract: An electric conductor for electrodes composed of a carbon fiber felt has low felt density and a great number of pores so that it can retain a cathodic reactant such as molten sulphur. The electric conductor is manufactured by forming a lap by mixing and locking together relatively large amount of a flame-resistance fiber and relatively small amount of an organic fiber, orienting fibers of the layered lap in the direction of a thickness by needle-punching to felt the layered lap and baking the felt thus obtained at 1100 to 2000° C. whereby the flame-resistant fiber is carbonized and then the organic fiber is so incinerated that solid thereof is almost transpired.