Abstract: A low input power consumption, compact thermal field emitter is suitable for use in electron beam systems, particularly those systems that use an array of electron beams or a miniature electron beam system. The thermal field emitter design reduces heat loss by reducing heat transfer to the base. To achieve reduced loses the design incorporates the use of high electrical resistivity, low thermal conductivity materials for construction of the filament posts and the filaments. Such materials further reduce heat loss and reduce input current requirements. In one embodiment, the base includes counterbores that reduce the heat conduction path between the filament posts and the base, and moves the contact area further from the filament.

Abstract: A method manufactures an organic EL device by forming cathodes by a liquid phase process depositing a dispersion liquid containing ultra-fine ytterbium (Yb) particles using an inkjet method, followed by drying.

Abstract: This invention provides a conductive aluminum film and method of forming the same, wherein a non-conductive impurity is incorporated into the aluminum film. In one embodiment, the introduction of nitrogen creates an aluminum nitride subphase which pins down hillocks in the aluminum film to maintain a substantially smooth surface. The film remains substantially hillock-free even after subsequent thermal processing. The aluminum nitride subphase causes only a nominal increase in resistivity (resistivities remain below about 12 ??-cm), thereby making the film suitable as an electrically conductive layer for integrated circuit or display devices.

Abstract: A first electrode part in a rod shape is placed on an upper side, and a second electrode part in a rod shape having a higher melting point than that of the first electrode part is placed on a lower side, so that ends of the first and second electrode parts are brought into contact. Contact ends or vicinities thereof are irradiated with a laser beam, so that the electrode parts are welded. Here, a region irradiated with the laser beam is in a long narrow shape having a minor axis directed in a vertical direction and a major axis directed in a horizontal direction. This makes it possible to manufacture an electrode with a consistent high quality with a high yield.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention pertains to an electrode that is substantially transparent and conductive and that is incorporated within an organic electronic device. This electrode includes a first layer and a second layer that is on the first layer. The electrode optionally includes a third layer on the second layer. The first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are exposed to a medium and reactions between various combinations of the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, and the medium produce the substantially transparent and conductive electrode.

Abstract: A faceplate (F) for an image intensifier tube (10) for reducing veiling glare begins as a blank (36) of optical material of a desired glass composition having a shape that conforms substantially to a configuration of the faceplate (F) to be produced. An extraneous removable aperture step portion (54) is formed on the glass blank (36). The glass blank is blackened (41) and the aperture step portion (54) is removed creating a desired transmissive aperture (34) through the glass blank (36).

Abstract: A ground electrode for a spark plug has a through hole located adjacent a firing end of the electrode, with a precious metal firing tip extending through the hole. The firing tip is compressed axially to define a bulging portion extending radially outwardly from its longitudinal axis to mechanically retain the firing tip within the through hole. The firing tip additionally has an enlarged head or otherwise expanded portion at each axial end of the tip to provide a second mechanical interlock of the tip to the ground electrode. The firing tip can then also be welded to further strengthen its connection to the ground electrode. A method of manufacturing the ground electrode and a spark plug containing the ground electrode is also disclosed.

Abstract: To provide a technique for relatively easily preventing yellowing of a PDP that uses silver electrodes, and a PDP utilizing the technique that is capable of displaying images with high luminance and high quality. To form the electrodes, an alloy composed of Ag as a main constituent and a transition metal (at least one selected from Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Mn, and Fe) is used, or an oxide of such a transition metal is added. Alternatively, an alloy composed of Ag as a main constituent and a metal (at least one selected from Ru, Rh, Ir, Os, and Re) is used, or an oxide of such a metal is added. Alternatively, Ag particles whose surfaces are each coated with a metal (Pd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Ir, or Ru) or a metal oxide (SiO2, Al2O3, NiO, ZrO2, Fe2O3, ZnO, In2O3, CuO, TiO2, or Pr6O11) are used.

Abstract: Provided is an electron beam lens for a micro-column electron beam apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same. A photosensitive glass substrate is used as a base isolation substrate and a thin metal film is grown by a plating method. Holes through which electron beam passes are formed by a lift off method after forming a resist pattern shaped as a hole on a seed metal layer and plating the thin metal film.

Abstract: A flat luminescent lamp and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed in the present invention. More specifically, a flat luminescent lamp includes first and second substrates each having a plurality of grooves in sides which the first and second substrates face into each other, first and second electrodes in the grooves, first and second phosphor layers in the first and second substrates including the first and second electrodes, respectively, and a frame for sealing the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A method for making a nanocomposite electrode or circuit pattern includes forming a continuous carbon nanotube layer impregnated with a binder and patterning the binder resin using various printing or photo imaging techniques. An alternative method includes patterning the carbon nanotube layer using various printing or imaging techniques and subsequently applying a continuous coating of binder resin to the patterned carbon nanotube layer. Articles made from these patterned nanocomposite coatings include transparent electrodes and circuits for flat panel displays, photovoltaics, touch screens, electroluminescent lamps, and EMI shielding.

Abstract: A surface of a first grid electrode, which is located on a cathode side and is one of a plurality of electrodes for an electron gun used in an electrode gun assembly, is formed to be a rough surface having a higher degree of surface roughness than a surface of a second grid electrode located adjacent to the first grid electrode.

Abstract: A non-oxidizing electrode arrangement for an excimer lamp that is formed by coating an electrode of the lamp with a layer of protective layer that prevents the electrode from oxidizing. The protective layer is preferably transparent and possesses a low permeability for oxygen (e.g., silicon oxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride). The interior of the excimer lamp is evacuated to a pressure level that is lower than the pressure level surrounding the excimer lamp at any time during the non-oxidizing electrode formation process in order to assist in preventing the excimer lamp from fracturing.

Abstract: A method of varying a transmittance of a transparent conductive film includes forming the transparent conductive film on a substrate and injecting a high energy source into the transparent conductive film to vary the transmittance of the transparent conductive film.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electron-emitting device having excellent electron emission characteristics is provided in which fibers comprising carbon as the main composition are fixed (bonded) to a substrate in a desired area and at a desired density with simple processes and inexpensive manufacture cost, and a manufacture method for an electron source, a light-emitting apparatus and an image forming apparatus using such electron-emitting devices is provided. A method of manufacturing an electron-emitting device made of material comprising carbon as main composition by an aerosol type gas deposition method in which the material comprising carbon as the main composition is aerosolized and transported together with gas, and tightly attached (bonded) to a substrate via a nozzle.

Abstract: A flat-panel display includes a front glass, glass substrate, cathodes, gate electrodes, phosphor films, and anodes. The front glass has translucency at least partly. The substrate is placed to oppose the front glass through a vacuum space. The cathodes are formed on the substrate. The gate electrodes are placed in the vacuum space and spaced apart from the cathodes. The phosphor layers and anodes are formed on a surface of the front glass which opposes the substrate. Each cathode includes a metal member having many opening portions which is mounted on the substrate, and a conductive material containing carbon nanotubes filled in the mesh-like opening portions. A method of manufacturing a flat-panel display is also disclosed.

Abstract: A high emission electron emitter and a method of fabricating a high emission electron emitter are disclosed. A high emission electron emitter includes an electron injection layer, an active layer of high porosity porous silicon material in contact with the electron injection layer, a contact layer of low porosity porous silicon material in contact with the active layer and including an interface surface with a heavily doped region, and an optional top electrode in contact with the contact layer. The contact layer reduces contact resistance between the active layer and the top electrode and the heavily doped region reduces resistivity of the contact layer thereby increasing electron emission efficiency and stable electron emission from the top electrode. The electron injection layer is made from an electrically conductive material such as n+ semiconductor, n+ single crystal silicon, a metal, a silicide, or a nitride.

Abstract: A light emission display panel has a substrate, a plurality of first electrodes on the substrate, a light emission layer on the first electrodes, and a plurality of second electrodes. Each of the second electrodes has a form of a strip film in which partially overlapped portions are provided.

Abstract: Cathode comprising a substrate (2) supporting a cathode emissive coating, comprising what is called an emissive central zone (12) and what is called a nonemissive peripheral zone (11); according to the invention: the average density and the emissive zone (12) is greater than that in said nonemissive zone (11), the average thickness in the emissive zone (12) is less than that in the nonemissive zone (11). In this way it is possible to significantly limit the drift in cut-off voltage, while still maintaining good maximum emission performance in DC mode and in pulse mode.

Abstract: A manufacture and methods are provided for a field emission cathode and field emission display comprising a conjugated polymer material. The manufacture of the invention comprises a conjugated polymer material, which may include substituted polythiophene, polyalkylthiophene, and poly-3-octylthiophene. A polymer material layer may be formed by distributing a conjugated polymer material and a solvent onto a substrate. The solvent may be evaporated under a vacuum. The polymer layer may be molded to include projections to promote field emission. Additionally, the polymer material may be doped with an electron donor material. Methods according to the invention include the steps of forming a polymer layer comprising conjugated polymer material on a substrate, distributing a polymer solution including a solvent onto the substrate, evaporating the substrate, and shaping the surface of the polymer layer by use of a mould.

Abstract: The invention provides a nanostructure including an anodized film including nanoholes. The anodized film is formed on a substrate having a surface including at least one material selected from the group consisting of semiconductors, noble metals, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and carbon. The nanoholes are cut completely through the anodized film from the surface of the anodized film to the surface of the substrate. The nanoholes have a first diameter at the surface of the anodized film and a second diameter at the surface of the substrate. The nanoholes are characterized in that either a constriction exists at a location between the surface of the anodized film and the surface of the substrate, or the second diameter is greater than the first diameter.

Abstract: A first electrode part in a rod shape is placed on an upper side, and a second electrode part in a rod shape having a higher melting point than that of the first electrode part is placed on a lower side, so that ends of the first and second electrode parts are brought into contact. Contact ends or vicinities thereof are irradiated with a laser beam, so that the electrode parts are welded. Here, a region irradiated with the laser beam is in a long narrow shape having a minor axis directed in a vertical direction and a major axis directed in a horizontal direction. This makes it possible to manufacture an electrode with a consistent high quality with a high yield.

Abstract: A flash discharge tube includes a pin-shaped cathode. The pin-shaped cathode has an electrode core of tungsten having a first end portion. A lead of nickel has a second end portion connected with the first end portion. In the electrode producing method, the electrode core and the lead are retained by use of respectively first and second chuck mechanisms with the first and second end portions opposed to one another. The first and second end portions are pushed on one another by moving at least one of the first and second chuck mechanisms. While the first and second end portions are pushed on one another, the first and second chuck mechanisms are supplied with electric current, so as to weld the electrode core and the lead together therewith by resistance welding.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing spark plugs with central and body electrode(s) armed with noble metal inserts, in which the tip of a central electrode which is pyramid or conic shaped with a base diameter (d), is liquefied by being pressed against a noble metal ball with diameter (d) that is mounted in the face of a welding electrode under a defined welding contact pressure and defined welding parameters. The liquefied material of the central electrode tip partially flows around the noble metal ball, and the welding electrode is separated from the central electrode after the liquefied material of the central electrode tip has solidified with noble metal ball embedded therein.

Abstract: Among a plurality of electrodes composing an electron gun, at least one electrode is separated into two along a plane substantially perpendicular to a central axis, the two being a first cylindrical electrode and a second cylindrical electrode. Between the two electrodes, a connecting member in an approximate cylindrical shape having a slit is interposed, which electrically connects the first and second cylindrical electrodes with each other. The first and second cylindrical electrodes are fixed to a support rod via the connecting member and support portions provided on a side of the connecting member. Since a modulation magnetic field from outside a cathode-ray tube passes through the slit, eddy current loss can be reduced, whereby a desired electron beam modulation effect can be achieved.

Abstract: In a plasma display panel, a back substrate has a first metal electrode on a back base substrate, and a front substrate has a transparent electrode and a second metal electrode on a front base substrate. The front substrate is arranged opposite to the back substrate. At least one of the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode being formed by e electrophotographic printing. At this time, coated metal particles are used as toner, which particles are formed by coating metal particles having an average diameter of 0.1 to 20 &mgr;m with thermoplastic resin. The electrophotographic printing enables manufacture of plasma display panels and the like with less waste of materials.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device comprises a pair of oppositely disposed electrodes and an electroconductive film arranged between the electrodes and including a high resistance region. The high resistance region has a deposit containing carbon as a principal ingredient. The electron-emitting device can be used for an electron source of an image-forming apparatus of the flat panel type.

Abstract: An electrode E is manufactured through a series of steps that lend themselves to implementation on a machine tool. Electrode components 100, 158, 190 are joined or welded to other electrode components 62, 100, 158 and then cut to length from a continuous supply of material. Windings of a coil 170 with a relatively narrow inner diameter 174 are opened in a rotating step so that the coil can tightly engage a component 158 having a larger outer diameter 178.

Abstract: A bus electrode of the present invention is formed by first coating a Ru-containing layer on the front plate and the transparent electrodes. Then, an Ag-containing layer is coated over the Ru-containing layer. In accordance with the present invention, the coating area of the Ru-containing layer is larger than the coating area of the Ag-containing layer to improve adhesion between the bus electrodes, glass plate and the transparent electrodes. Then, a photolithography process is performed to define the bus electrodes.

Abstract: An infrared lamp with a closed-off enveloping tube which encloses an emission source joined with contacts for a power supply in the form of a carbon ribbon which, extending in a direction of a long axis of the enveloping tube, determines an irradiation length of the infrared lamp in the sense of a higher irradiation output. The carbon ribbon has a length which is larger than the irradiation length by a factor of at least 1.5. With a procedure for heating a material to be processed using the infrared lamp, which makes possible short processing times in connection with a simultaneous high degree of energy efficiency, the infrared lamp may be operated such that its maximum emission lies within a wavelength range from 1.8 &mgr;m to 2.9 &mgr;m, and such that its power output comes to at least 15 Watts per cm3 of the volume enclosed by the enveloping tube over the irradiation length.

Abstract: Ceramic inert anodes useful for the electrolytic production of aluminum are disclosed. The inert anodes comprise an oxide of Ni and Fe having a controlled Ni/(Ni+Fe) mole ratio which results in a single-phase structure at the operation temperatures of aluminum production cells. The Ni and Fe oxide material may also have a single-phase structure at the sintering temperature of the material. The single-phase inert anode materials maintain sufficient electrical conductivity at the operating temperatures of the cell, and also possess good mechanical stability.

Abstract: An electron tube such as a fluorescent display tube is provided. Auxiliary linear support members (e.g. linear spacers and linear dampers), which subsidiarily support liner members (e.g. cathode filaments and wire grids), are bonded on a substrate, using ultrasonic welding (without using an adhesive agent (e.g. fritted glass or a conductive paste)). A metal layer (e.g. a thin or thick aluminum film) is formed over the glass substrate. The end of the coil of a cathode filament is securely bonded to the metal layer. A spacer of a metal wire (e.g. aluminum) is ultrasonic welded to the metal layer. The welding is performed with the wedge tool of an ultrasonic welder placed at the position where the spacer is in contact with the cathode filament. A U-shaped recess is left at the welded spot. This recess prevents the cathode filament from being displaced. If necessary, the metal layer is formed over the substrate and the damper of a metal wire (e.g.

Abstract: A process for assembling a cathode for electron gun comprising a body of emissive material, a cup into which the body of emissive material is inserted, a substantially cylindrical metal skirt, the said process comprising the following successive steps: insertion of the cup into one of the open ends of the metal skirt, welding of the cup to the skirt, crimping of the body/cup/skirt assembly by lateral squeezing at the level of the weld zone in such a way as to cause an indent-like deformation of the lateral face of the body.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a method of fabricating a cathode requiring relatively few and somewhat simple steps. One embodiment provides a method of fabricating a cathode in which the passivation layer and the metallic gate chromium are masked and patterned simultaneously. The method effectuates patterning of the passivation layer as necessary and simultaneously fixes a location for both access spots and inter-pixel electrical isolation areas to chromium constituting the metallic gate. Importantly, the present implementation effectively eliminates a conventionally requisite subsequent metallic gate chromium masking and etching step. Advantageously, this effectively streamlines and economizes cathode fabrication. The present embodiment thus reduces manufacturing costs and increases the efficiency and productivity of manufacturing lines engaged in cathode fabrication. This effectively reduces the unit cost of flat panel CRTs.

Abstract: A method for filming a carbon nanotube film comprising the steps of preparing a solution having a solvent into which a coarse carbon nanotube is dispersed, evaporating the solvent, disposing a substrate in the solution, the substrate having an exposed portion patterned into a predetermined shape, and depositing a carbon nanotube on the exposed portion of the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device with improved brightness achieved by increasing electron emission efficiency of a thin film cathode. Phosphors are irradiated with electrons emitted to a vacuum through a flat thin film which is thinner than 5 nm and is disposed so as to face the phosphors. A top electrode for emitting the electrons is formed by stacking thin films of Ir, Pt, and Au, and performing a heat treatment so as to reconstruct the top electrode to have a structure in which thick island parts and a flat thin film part mixedly exist.

Abstract: A novel technique utilizing the precision of printed circuit board design and the physical versatility of thin, flexible substrates is disclosed to produce a new type of ion reflector. A precisely defined series of thin conductive strips (traces) are etched onto a flat, flexible circuit board substrate. Preferably, the thin conductive strips are further apart at one end of the substrate and get increasingly closer towards the other end of the substrate. The flexible substrate is then rolled into a tube to form the reflector body, with the conductive strips forming the rings of the ion reflector. The spacing between the traces, and hence the ring spacing, can be readily varied by adjusting the conductor pattern on the substrate sheet during the etching process. By adjusting the spacing between the rings, the characteristics of the field created by the reflectron can be easily customized to the needs of the user.

Abstract: A cathode structure comprises a cylindrical metal sleeve having aperture portions at both ends, a base metal having an aperture portion on one end, which is fitted onto one of the aperture portions of the metal sleeve, and an electron-emitting layer, which is formed on a flat portion of an outside surface of the base metal. After an electron-emitting material is sprayed onto the base metal, its surface is mechanically flattened to form the electron-emitting layer. Thus, the planarity of the surface of the electron-emitting layer can be improved without deterioration of the electron emission characteristics and the moiré can be decreased without reduction of the resolution.

Abstract: A triode-type field emission device includes an insulating substrate; a cathode formed on the insulating substrate; a field emitter aligned on the cathode, wherein the field emitter includes a plurality of emitter tips and each emitter tip has the diameter of nanometers; an insulating layer positioned around the field emitter for electrically isolating the field emitter; and a gate electrode formed on the insulating layer, wherein the gate electrode is closed to an upper portion of the field emitter. Therefore, the triode-type field emission device may be operable in a low voltage.

Abstract: A liquid metal ion source comprises a reservoir storing a metal to be ionized and a needle electrode to which the metal is fed from the reservoir wherein the size of small pits formed in at least a cone surface of the needle electrode is 0.1 &mgr;m-1.5 &mgr;m and the small pits exist in the cone surface of the needle electrode in a density of 5×104 number/mm2-5×106 number/mm2 the small pits being formed by chemically etching.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp comprises a glass tubular body defining a discharge space, and first and second electrode assemblies mounted in the discharge space in opposition to each other, each of the electrode assemblies comprising a first electrode and a second electrode. Each of the first electrodes comprises a metal lead wire with an electron-emitting material disposed on a free end thereof, and each of the second electrodes comprises a cup-shaped tube coaxially surrounding one of the first electrodes and the electron-emitting material disposed on the first electrode. The second electrode tube and the electron emitting material therein form an annular gap therebetween.

Abstract: When high luminance is obtained by increasing an anode voltage in an image-forming apparatus constructed by anode and cathode substrates, a surface discharge (flash over) is generated between anode electrodes at a generating time of an abnormal discharge and an anode is broken. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3B, the electric potential of an anode electrode on an anode substrate (51) is set to a uniform electric potential V1 by a first power source (53). Thereafter, the first power source (53) is separated from the anode electrode. Subsequently, the electric potential of one of the anode electrodes arranged in proximity to each other through an insulating face is set to an electric potential V2 by a second power sourced (54) to apply a voltage to a cut-in portion (52) (see FIG. 3C). Thus, a voltage Vc equal to or greater than an electric potential difference Ve generated at the generating time of the abnormal discharge is applied to the cut-in portion (52).

Abstract: The present invention discloses a new field emitter cell and array consisting of groups of nanofilaments forming emitter cathodes. Control gates are microprocessed to be integrally formed with groups of nanofilament emitter cathodes on a substrate. Groups of nanofilaments are grown directly on the substrate material. As a result, the control gates and groups of nanofilaments are self-aligned with one another.

Abstract: A method of CNT field emission current density improvement performed by a taping process is disclosed. The method comprises following steps. First of all, a conductive pattern coated on a substrate by screen-printing a conductive slurry containing silver through a patterned screen is carried out. Thereafter, a CNT layer is attached thereon by screen-printing a CNT paste through a mesh pattern screen to form CNT image pixel array layer. The CNT paste consists of organic bonding agent, resin, silver powder, and carbon nano-tubes. After that the substrate is soft baked by an oven using a temperature of about 50-200° C. to remove volatile organic solvent. A higher temperature sintering process, for example 350-550° C. is then carried out to solidify the CNT on and electric coupled with the conductive pattern.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for making an emitter for a display device, an emitter array produced by such method, an etch mask used during such method, and a method for making such an etch mask. The method for making the emitter is practiced by providing a substrate, forming a conducting layer on the substrate, forming an emitting layer on the conducting layer, forming an etch mask having a controlled distribution of a plurality of mask sizes over the emitting layer, and forming at least one emitter by removing portions of the emitting layer using the etch mask. The method for making the etch mask is practiced by forming an etch mask layer over an emitting layer, forming a patterning layer having a controlled distribution of mask sizes over the etch mask layer, and forming the etch mask by removing portions of the etch mask layer using the controlled distribution of mask sizes in the patterning layer.

Abstract: A vacuum microelectronic device (10,40) is formed by applying a first conductor (13,14) to a substrate (11) and utilizing the first conductor (13,14) to expose a dielectric material (18) and a second conductive material (19) from a back surface of the substrate (11). A second conductor (29) and a dielectric (28) are formed from the second conductive material (19) and the dielectric material (18), respectively. This method self-aligns the dielectric (28) and the second conductor (29) with the first conductor (13,14). Electron emitters (31,33) of the vacuum microelectronic device (10,40) are formed on the first conductor (13,14).

Abstract: A method for fabricating row lines over a field emission array employs only two mask steps to define row lines and pixel openings. A layer of conductive material is disposed over a substantially planarized surface of a grid of semiconductive material and a layer of passivation material is disposed over the layer of conductive material. Row lines and pixel openings may be formed through the passivation and conductive layers by use of a first mask. The row lines may be further defined by using a second mask to remove semiconductive material of the grid. Alternatively, a first mask may be used to fully define row lines from the layers of passivation, conductive, and semiconductive material, while a second mask may be used to define pixel openings through the layers of passivation and conductive material. Field emission arrays fabricated by such methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for fabricating field emission arrays employs a single mask to define emitter tips, their corresponding resistors, and, optionally, conductive lines. One or more material layers from which the emitter tips and resistors will be defined are formed over and laterally adjacent substantially parallel conductive lines. The exposed surface of the layer or layers of emitter tip and resistor material or materials may be planarized. The emitter tips and underlying resistors are then defined. Substantially longitudinal center portions of the conductive lines may be exposed between adjacent lines of emitter tips, with at least a lateral edge portion of each conductive line being shielded by material that remains following the formation of the emitter tips and resistors. The exposed portions of the conductive lines may be removed in order to define conductive traces. Field emission arrays and display devices fabricated by such methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A cathode structure comprises a cylindrical metal sleeve having aperture portions at both ends, a base metal having an aperture portion on one end, which is fitted onto one of the aperture portions of the metal sleeve, and an electron-emitting layer, which is formed on a flat portion of an outside surface of the base metal. After an electron-emitting material is sprayed onto the base metal, its surface is mechanically flattened to form the electron-emitting layer. Thus, the planarity of the surface of the electron-emitting layer can be improved without deterioration of the electron emission characteristics and the moiré can be decreased without reduction of the resolution.

Abstract: A method is herein disclosed for preparing a film of a carbon nano-tube to obtain a low cost field emission source using a carbon nano-tube. A single-wall carbon nano-tube is placed together with acetone in a beaker, to which ultrasonic wave is applied to disperse the single-wall carbon nano-tube in acetone. Thereafter, acetone is evaporated spontaneously to deposit the single-wall carbon nano-tube on a copper plate placed in the beaker. The copper plate on the surface of which the single-wall carbon nano-tube is deposited is used for a cathode of an electronic tube.