Abstract: A method is provided to produce an opto-electronic device comprising a substrate, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer of opposite polarity to said first electrode layer, any interlayers and, between said first and second electrode layers, a first functional material in interfacial contact with a second functional material, wherein the first functional material has the structure of a laterally porous film and the second functional material is a film disposed over and interpenetrating with the film of the first functional material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a PDP that prevents a defect from occurring in a structure of the PDP; and also suppresses retroflexion, exfoliation, and the like, of the structure. In photolithography, exposure is performed twice with a first and a second photomasks, each having a different aperture width, but the same exposure pattern. The amount of exposure is different between first exposure region (A?) through the first photomask; and second exposure region (B?) through the second photomask.

Abstract: A carrier element, on which an Hg-containing material for application in a discharge lamp (1) is formed, has at least one depression (12, 20 to 23), in which the Hg-containing material (17) is arranged. A method for producing such a carrier element and to a discharge lamp with such a carrier element is also disclosed.

Abstract: The PDP has front panel (2), and a back panel with address electrodes formed thereon. Front panel (2) has display electrodes (6) including first electrodes (42b, 52b) and second electrodes (41b, 51b) formed on front glass substrate (3); and dielectric layer (8) covering display electrodes (6). Further, first electrodes (42b, 52b) and dielectric layer (8) include glass frit containing bismuth oxide, with a softening point exceeding 550° C. The glass frit contained in second electrodes (41b, 51b) has a softening point lower than that contained in the first electrodes. The above-described makeup reduces the number of firing steps for display electrodes (6) and dielectric layer (8), thereby providing a PDP with improved production efficiency and a method of manufacturing the PDP.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide a plasma display panel includes first and second substrates facing each other, barrier ribs dividing a plurality of discharge cells between the first and second substrates, phosphor layers coated in the discharge cells, display electrodes extending in a first direction corresponding to the discharge cells between the first and second substrates, address electrodes arranged on the first substrate corresponding to the discharge cells and extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, and a dielectric layer formed on the first substrate while covering the address electrodes. Each of the address electrodes includes an insulating glass layer formed along a periphery of the electrode. The dielectric layer includes TiO2 within a range of 5-15% by weight.

Abstract: This invention discloses novel field emitters which exhibit improved emission characteristics combined with improved emitter stability, in particular, new types of carbide or nitride based electron field emitters with desirable nanoscale, aligned and sharped-tip emitter structures.

Abstract: Material for electrodes of low temperature plasma generators. The material contains a porous metal matrix impregnated with a material emitting electrons. The material uses a mixture of copper and iron powders as a porous metal matrix and a Group IIIB metal component such as Y2O3 is used as a material emitting electrons at, for example, the proportion of the components, mass %: iron: 3-30; Y2O3:0.05-1; copper: the remainder. Copper provides a high level of heat conduction and electric conductance, iron decreases intensity of copper evaporation in the process of plasma creation providing increased strength and lifetime, Y2O3 provides decreasing of electronic work function and stability of arc burning. The material can be used for producing the electrodes of low temperature AC plasma generators used for destruction of liquid organic wastes, medical wastes, and municipal wastes as well as for decontamination of low level radioactive waste, the destruction of chemical weapons, warfare toxic agents, etc.

Abstract: An electroluminescent (EL) device that includes a light-emitting area formed over a substrate. First and second electrodes and one or more EL unit(s) are included along with at least one light-emitting layer formed between the electrodes, wherein at least one electrode is transparent. A cover is located over the light-emitting area, and a light-scattering layer is located between the substrate and cover. The light-scattering layer includes transparent, light-scattering particles, wherein the ratio of the volume of light-scattering particles to the volume of the light-scattering layer is greater than 0.55 over a majority of the light-emitting area, wherein either the substrate or cover is transparent and transmits light emitted from the EL unit(s).

Abstract: This invention discloses novel field emitters which exhibit improved emission characteristics combined with improved emitter stability, in particular, new types of carbide or nitride based electron field emitters with desirable nanoscale, aligned and sharped-tip emitter structures.

Abstract: A light emitting module capable of flexibly accommodating a wide range of applications, and a production method capable of easily producing such a light emitting module. A 1.8 mm-thick glass substrate is used as a first substrate. A circuit pattern as shown in FIG. 1 is formed. Circuit forming silver paste is used as a conduction layer. Silver paste is printed on the surface of the first substrate by a screen printing method, and then it is heat-cured for 40 min at 150° C. Conductive bonding silver paste as a conductive bonding layer is printed on land patterns at the opposite ends of a gap by a screen printing method. Then, a chip LED as a light emitting element is used to mount the opposite poles of each chip LED by using a mounter so as to allow them conduct with each other by means of conductive bonding silver paste printed on the land patterns. Then, the silver paste is heat-cured for 10 min at 150° C. to bond the chip LED.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp comprising a discharge vessel surrounded by an outer envelope with clearance and having a ceramic wall which encloses a discharge space filled with a filling comprising an inert gas, such as xenon (Xe), and an ionizable salt, wherein in said discharge space two electrodes are arranged whose tips have discharge path between them, with the special feature that said ionizable salt comprises NaI, TlI, CaI2 and X-iodide wherein X is selected from the group comprising rare earth metals.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a gate line, a data line crossing the gate line and a pixel area. A common electrode and a pixel electrode are overlapped with each other and formed in the pixel area. The common electrode and the pixel electrode receive different voltages. The data line includes a first data line through which a voltage is applied to the common electrode and a second data line through which a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode. The first data line crosses the pixel area to minimize an area where the first data line is formed, thereby improving an aperture ratio of the display apparatus.

Abstract: A multi-layer electrode including a first metal layer including a first binder having a first acid value and a second metal layer arranged on the first metal layer, the second metal layer including a second binder having a second acid value that is smaller than the first acid value, a method of forming the multi-layer electrode and a plasma display panel (PDP) including the multi-layer electrode.

Abstract: An electron gun, an electron source for an electron gun, an extractor for an electron gun, and a respective method for producing the electron gun, the electron source and the extractor are disclosed. Embodiments provide an electron source utilizing a carbon nanotube (CNT) bonded to a substrate for increased stability, reliability, and durability. An extractor with an aperture in a conductive material is used to extract electrons from the electron source, where the aperture may substantially align with the CNT of the electron source when the extractor and electron source are mated to form the electron gun. The electron source and extractor may have alignment features for aligning the electron source and the extractor, thereby bringing the aperture and CNT into substantial alignment when assembled. The alignment features may provide and maintain this alignment during operation to improve the field emission characteristics and overall system stability of the electron gun.

Abstract: A vehicular lamp 100 including a reflector 19 that reflects light from a light source 13 forward and is provided in a lamp chamber 15 formed by a lamp body 17 that opens forward and a transparent front cover 11 that is attached to the front opening portion of the lamp body 17. The lamp body 17 is formed using a first material to have a skeletal configuration in which a plurality of through holes h1 to h4 are provided. The through holes h1 to h4 are closed by sealants s1 to s2, which are formed from a second material that is integrally formed with the first material.

Abstract: Method and device for production of an electroluminescent light-emitting element The invention relates to a device and method for production of an electroluminescent light-emitting element (10), in which a transparent electrode layer (12) is deposited on a carrier (11) and a luminous pigment layer (13) and a counter-electrode layer (15) are deposited on the transparent electrode layer (12). According to the invention the transparent electrode layer (12) is structured electrochemically before the deposition on the luminous pigment layer (13).

Abstract: A method for fabricating a surface-conduction electron emitter includes the steps of: (a) providing a substrate; (b) disposing two lower layers on the surface of the substrate, the two lower layers are parallel and apart from each other; (c) disposing a plurality of carbon nanotube elements on the lower layers; (d) disposing two upper layers on the two lower layers, and thereby, sandwiching the carbon nanotube elements therebetween; and (e) forming a micro-fissure between the carbon nanotube elements.

Abstract: A passive matrix in-plane switching bi-stable display (1) has first and second electrodes (20, 30), and pixels (10) associated with intersections of the first electrodes (20) and the second electrodes (30). The display (1) comprises on a same substrate both the first electrodes (20) and, per pixel (10), a first group of electrodes (G1) interleaving with a second group of electrodes (G2). The electrodes of the first and second group (G1, G2) extend in a same first direction, and are displaced with respect to each other in the first direction to obtain in the first direction a first area (A1) where only electrodes of said first group (G1) are present, a second area (A2) where only electrodes of said second group (G2) are present, and a third area (A3) in-between the first and the second area (A1, A2) where both electrodes of said first and second group (G1, G2) are present. Insulating areas (40) are present at least at crossing positions where the second electrodes (30) have to cross the first electrodes (20).

Abstract: A lamp includes an envelope of a vitreous composition, having a pinched part at at least one end to form a seal isolating an interior of the envelope from the environment of the envelope, and an arrangement for conducting electrical current to the interior of the envelope, having a section embedded in one of the pinched parts of the envelope and a section external to the envelope. At least part of embedded section of the arrangement for conducting electrical current is at least partly surrounded by a composition including at least one of phosphorus in a non-volatile form and an acid thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode for electroluminescence for use in electronic devices including organic electroluminescent devices and a process for producing the same, in which interfacial electric characteristics, such as work functions, can be easily controlled. The process for producing an electrode for electroluminescence comprises the step of diffusing an additive element for an electrode into the electrode and/or the step of developing surfactant properties of the additive element for an electrode.

Abstract: A discharge electrode emitting electrons into a discharge gas, encompasses an emitter and current supply terminals configured to supply electric current to the emitter. The emitter embraces a wide bandgap semiconductor having at 300 K a bandgap of 2.2 eV or wider. Acceptor impurity atoms and donor impurity atoms being doped in the wide bandgap semiconductor, the activation energy of the donor impurity atoms being larger than the activation energy of the acceptor impurity atoms.

Abstract: Cathode unit for installation in a fluorescent tube body (3) belonging to a fluorescent tube (1), which cathode unit (5) comprises a cathode screen (15a, 15, 15?-15??) which partially surrounds an electrode (9) which is electrically insulated from the said cathode screen (15), a power supply device (11) arranged to make an electrical connection between the said electrode (9) and a contact (13), the said cathode screen (15a, 15 , 15?-15??) comprising a first end (19) facing towards the discharge, which first end (19) comprises a central opening (21), and a second end (39) facing towards the said contact (13). The first end (19) of the cathode screen (15a, 15, 15?-15??) is designed with a rounded-off part (25) in order to facilitate the insertion of the cathode unit (5) in the said fluorescent tube body (3).

Abstract: The application discloses energy conditioners that include A, B, and G master electrodes in which the A and B electrodes include main body electrodes with conductive paths that cross inside the energy conditioner and which has A and B tabs at one end of the main body electrodes conductively tied together and A and B tabs at another end of the main body electrodes conductively tied together, and the application also discloses novel assemblies of mounting, contacting, integrating those energy conditioners with conductive connection structures.

Abstract: To provide an image display device including a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and an electron acceleration layer composed of an insulator or a semiconductor provided therebetween, and further including a thin film electron source array that emits electrons from the upper electrode, and a phosphor surface, wherein degradation of an electron emission characteristic caused by an increase of a work function due to an adhesive material to the above-described upper electrode is suppressed. An amount of S content adhering to the upper electrode is set equal to or less than 20 mol % of a total amount of elements used as the upper electrode in terms of elements by using an element belonging to Group VIII or Group Ib or a laminated film or alloy film thereof as a component of the upper electrode of the thin film electron source.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor device, a liquid crystal display device, and an electronic device which have a wide viewing angle and in which the number of manufacturing steps, the number of masks, and manufacturing cost are reduced compared with a conventional one. The liquid crystal display device includes a first electrode formed over an entire surface of one side of a substrate; a first insulating film formed over the first electrode; a thin film transistor formed over the first insulating film; a second insulating film formed over the thin film transistor; a second electrode formed over the second insulating film and having a plurality of openings; and a liquid crystal over the second electrode. The liquid crystal is controlled by an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display, an adhesion layer is provided between an insulating substrate and a wiring feature having very low resistance (e.g. a copper gate line). The adhesion layer may have a thickness of 190 to 210 nm. Good adhesion and high light transmittance can be obtained.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a front substrate, a rear substrate that faces the front substrate and is spaced apart from the front substrate by a predetermined distance, an address electrode unit that is formed on the rear substrate, and a display electrode unit that is formed on the front substrate. The rear substrate satisfies the following condition: 1.05?2Lbh/3Lbv?1.3 where Lbh is a long side length of the rear substrate and Lbv is a short side length of the rear substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plasma display panel, and more particularly, to a plasma display panel and method of manufacturing the same in which a manufacturing process is simple. To this end, in a plasma display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, metal electrodes are composed of a green tape having a black electrode formed at the bottom and a silver electrode formed at the top, and are formed by exposing the green tape to ultraviolet rays of different wavelengths consecutively. Therefore, it is possible to simplify a manufacturing process of a plasma display panel and to reduce manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A display includes; a substrate including a display region and a peripheral region, a common line portion provided in the peripheral region of the substrate, and the common line portion includes a common line and a common line protruding portion which extends away from and is wider than the common line, and a dummy pattern portion which partially overlaps a boundary region between the common line and the common line protruding portion.

Abstract: A display substrate includes respective pluralities of gate lines, data lines, switching elements, storage lines, pixel electrodes, and an organic insulation layer. The gate lines and the data lines define a plurality of unit pixels. The storage lines are respectively formed adjacent to the respective drain electrodes of the respective switching elements of respective rows of the unit pixels. The organic insulation layer has a hole that is formed within the area of each of the unit pixels and that extends from a contact area formed at a portion of the corresponding drain electrode of the pixel to a portion corresponding to the storage line thereof. This arrangement enables the marginal area needed to prevent mismatch of the hole in the areas of the contact area and the storage line to be reduced, thereby increasing the aperture ratio of the display.

Abstract: An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device includes: a gate line on a substrate along a first direction; a data line crossing the gate line along a second direction to define a pixel region; a gate electrode connected to the gate line; a semiconductor layer over the gate electrode; a source electrode and a drain electrode spaced apart from each other on the semiconductor layer; a common line spaced apart from the gate line and disposed along the first direction; a common electrode connected to the common line, the common electrode having a first common electrode pattern and a second common electrode pattern extending from the first common electrode pattern in the pixel region; an auxiliary common electrode extending from the common line, the auxiliary common electrode having a first protrusion pattern overlapping with an end portion of the second common electrode pattern, the first protrusion in parallel with the second common electrode pattern; a pixel electrode connected to the drain electrode

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light emitting diode package, the method including: forming a resin mold encapsulating a light emitting diode chip; and forming a phosphor thin film on a surface of the resin mold by applying a phosphor-containing coating material on the surface of the resin mold.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescent device having at least two successive light-emitting layers formed between a pair of electrodes using a liquid phase method includes: forming a first light-emitting layer on a base using the liquid phase method and performing an insolubilization process on the first light-emitting layer; and forming a second light-emitting layer on the first light-emitting layer, on which the insolubilization process has been performed, using the liquid phase method. In the insolubilization process, an insoluble layer that is not soluble in a solvent that dissolves the second light-emitting layer is formed on at least an upper surface of the first light-emitting layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a phosphor of white LED and the manufacturing method of the same, relating to a phosphor of light-emitting material, and more particularly to a high-efficiency phosphor of semiconductor white light emitting diode in sphericized or director-sphericized crystal structure. The general formula (Y1-xGdx)3-z(Al1-yGay)5O12:Cez3+, therein 0?x?0.45 mol/mol, 0?y?0.55 mol/mol, 0.06?x?0.12 mol/mol, the sensitizer includes rare sensitizer Ce3+ and other aid-sensitizers, where said aid-sensitizer is at least one of Pr, Th, Dy and so on, the concentration of Pr, or Tb, or Dy is individually 5%˜10% of the Ce3+'s.

Abstract: A flat-type fluorescent lamp device includes first and second substrates facing each other, a plurality of first electrodes on the first substrate disposed along a first direction, each first electrode having protrusions extending from both sides of the first electrode along the first direction, a plurality of second electrodes on the first substrate, the second electrodes each having concave portions that correspond to the protrusions of the first electrode and convex portions that correspond to regions between the protrusions of the first electrode, a first fluorescent layer on an entire surface of the first substrate including the first and second electrodes, and a second fluorescent layer on the second substrate.

Abstract: A vacuum deposition apparatus capable of enhancing the productivity of an organic electroluminescence device is realized. A first pipe is connected to a deposition source for evaporating an organic electroluminescence material, and two second pipes are directed to two film deposition objects comprised of substrates and masks, whereby an organic deposition film is formed. Vapor is released simultaneously from the deposition source to plural film deposition objects on different planes to deposit films, which promotes the reduction in film deposition time and the miniaturization of an apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is an electron beam lens for a micro-column electron beam apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same. A photosensitive glass substrate is used as a base isolation substrate and a thin metal film is grown by a plating method. Holes through which electron beam passes are formed by a lift off method after forming a resist pattern shaped as a hole on a seed metal layer and plating the thin metal film.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes an element array portion and an auxiliary interconnect. The element array portion includes a plurality of element groups. Each element group includes a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in a first direction. Each light-emitting element has a structure such that a light-emitting layer lies between a first electrode and a second electrode. The element groups are arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The auxiliary interconnect is formed of a material having a resistivity lower than the resistivity of the second electrode and is electrically connected to the second electrode of each light-emitting element. The plurality of element groups include a first element group and a second element group adjacent to each other and a third element group adjacent to the opposite side of the second element group from the first element group.

Abstract: A method for fabricating dielectric encapsulated electrodes. The process includes anodizing a metal to form a dielectric layer with columnar micropores; dissolving a portion of the dielectric layer and then anodizing the resultant structure a second time. The nanoporous structure that results can provide properties superior to those of conventional dielectric encapsulated metals. The pores of the dielectric may be backfilled with one or more materials to further tailor the properties of the dielectric.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming an electrode of a flat panel display device using ink for ink jet printing and an ink jet printer. The ink for ink jet printing is prepared by a method comprising the first step of contacting the vapor of a metal with the vapor of the first solvent, according to the vapor phase-evaporation technique, to thus give a dispersion of metal ultrafine particles; the second step of adding a low molecular weight polar solvent as the second solvent to the dispersion prepared in the first step to thus precipitate the metal ultrafine particles and removing the first solvent; and the third step of adding the third solvent to the precipitates thus prepared to carry out the solvent substitution and to give a dispersion of independently dispersed metal ultrafine particles, and prepared by adding a dispersant in or during the foregoing first and/or third steps, and the ink for ink jet printing consists of a dispersion excellent in ink characteristic properties.

Abstract: A metal ion emission device for emitting a metal ion by applying voltage to a molten liquid metal includes a needle-like part having an internal opening in which the liquid metal can be moved. The needle-like part has a first opening for supplying the liquid metal to the opening and a second opening for emitting the liquid metal as a metal ion.

Abstract: A tetraode field-emission display and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. A mesh is disposed between an anode plate and a cathode plate. The mesh has a gate layer and a converging electrode layer separated by an insulation layer to form a sandwich structure. The mesh has a plurality of apertures in correspondence with each set of anode and cathode. A glass plate is placed between the mesh and the anode to serve as a spacer. The converging electrode layer is facing the anode plate, such that the divergent range of an electron beam emitted by an electron emission source can be restricted. Thereby, the electron beam can impinge the corresponding anode more precisely.

Abstract: Provided is an electron beam lens for a micro-column electron beam apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same. A photosensitive glass substrate is used as a base isolation substrate and a thin metal film is grown by a plating method. Holes through which electron beam passes are formed by a lift off method after forming a resist pattern shaped as a hole on a seed metal layer and plating the thin metal film.

Abstract: A cathode with an improved work function, for use in a lithographic system, such as the SCALPEL™ system, which includes a buffer between a substrate and an emissive layer, where the buffer alters, randomizes, miniaturizes, and/or isolates the grain structure at a surface of the substrate to reduce the grain size, randomize crystal orientation and reduce the rate of crystal growth. The buffer layer may be a solid solution or a multiphase alloy. A method of making the cathode by depositing a buffer between a surface of the substrate and an emissive layer, where the deposited buffer alters, randomizes, miniaturizes, and/or isolates the grain structure at a surface of the substrate to reduce the grain size, randomize crystal orientation and reduce the rate of crystal growth.

Abstract: For manufacturing a high-pressure discharge lamp, a tungsten electrode is welded to a molybdenum foil by bringing a shaft of tungsten electrode into close contact with the molybdenum foil, and by irradiating a laser light, having a metal melting wavelength, to a junction of the molybdenum foil with the tungsten electrode from a location closer to the molybdenum foil to melt both the molybdenum foil and the shaft of the tungsten electrode for bonding.

Abstract: A method is described for producing tubular substrates having parallel spaced concentric rings of electrical conductors that can be used as the drift tube of an Ion Mobility Spectrometer (IMS). The invention comprises providing electrodes on the inside of a tube that are electrically connected to the outside of the tube through conductors that extend between adjacent plies of substrate that are combined to form the tube. Tubular substrates are formed from flexible polymeric printed wiring board materials, ceramic materials and material compositions of glass and ceramic, commonly known as Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC). The adjacent plies are sealed together around the electrode.

Abstract: A reducing agent is discharged by an ink-jet method into a groove between partition walls of a glass substrate formed by sandblasting, that is, a desired region where an electrode is to be formed. After fixing the reducing agent to the glass substrate, the entire substrate is immersed into a plating solution so as to reduce and deposit a plating catalytic metal contained in the plating solution in the region where the reducing agent is fixed. By immersing the entire substrate into an electroless plating solution, a metal is deposited by electroless plating in the region where the plating catalytic metal is deposited. The variation in the shape of electrodes to be formed is reduced, and mass production and low cost are achieved.

Abstract: A technique for providing a grid for a gate such as utilized in gating a stream of ions or other particles in a spectrometer instrument. The grid of wires may, for example, be a so-called Bradbury-Nielson Gate that consists of a set of two electrically isolated sets of equally spaced wires that lie substantially in the same plane and alternate in potential. The method utilized to provide is to first fabricate a frame of an insulating substrate having a hole and depositing metal film patterns such that conductive portions are formed on either side of the hole. Conductive portions on either side form a series of terminating pads on the portion of the substrate closest to the hole and a bus bar. Grid wires are then formed by stretching a section of wire with desired constant tension across the hole and bonding the ends of the wire to a respective one of the pads on one side and bus bar on the other side. The method provides a rapid, inexpensive way to fabricate such modulating devices.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a mesh structure of a tetraode field-emission display is disclosed. The mesh has a tri-layer structure including a gate layer, an insulation layer and a converging electrode layer. The converging electrode layer is selected from a metal conductive plate with a plurality of aperture, the insulation layer is coated on the converging electrode layer, and a gate is formed on the insulation layer.

Abstract: A method of making a unitized tungsten electrode which exhibits superior mechanical and electrical properties which includes providing a length of cylindrical cut stock having a predetermined diameter and length. The stock is ground to form a rough unfinished electrode having an enlarged tip or nose portion at one end integrally connected to an elongated shank section. The unfinished electrode is treated by exposure to a chemical etchant for a time sufficient to form a finished electrode characterized by a smooth nose and shank surface and rounded undercut and ends. The invention includes the electrode formed by the described process.