Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer instructions for controlling presentation of an audio broadcast. Presentation of the audio broadcast is ceased in response to detecting a mobile phone call. The audio broadcast is recorded to form recorded audio presentation data in response to detecting the mobile phone call. The recorded audio presentation data is presented when the mobile phone call ends.

Abstract: Configurable communications modules and methods of making the same are described. In one aspect, a communications module includes a data channel and a termination impedance controller. The data channel is operable to translate data signals in at least one direction between a transmission cable interface and a host device interface. The data channel has a variably configurable termination impedance at a host device node that is connectable to a host device. The termination impedance controller is operable to set the variably configurable termination impedance of the data channel to match the termination impedance to the host system.

Abstract: In the method of performing a predetermined action on wireless calls, a determination of whether a received wireless call falls within a defined area is made. If the received wireless call falls within the defined area, then the predetermined action, such as screening, is performed on the call. For example, the call is connected with an audio message.

Abstract: A method for managing access to service entities (e.g., such as a devices, resources, and services, which are limited resources) is provided. The method includes requesting a priority level. In response, a priority object with an assigned priority level is returned. A service is then requested from a service manager, and the request includes data for carrying out the requested service and the priority object. The service manager is configured to identify at least one service entity that is required to carry out the requested service. Access is then requested to at least one service entity. A determination is made as to whether the at least one service entity is in-use. If at least one service entity is in-use, a further determination is made as to whether at least one service entity that is in-use has an assigned priority level that is higher than the assigned priority level, which is associated with a current request.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wireless communication system capable of managing peer-to-peer (P2P) communications. In one embodiment of the invention, upon receiving a request for initiating a call, the system determines whether P2P communication can be established between the two mobile terminals. The system also determines an operating mode of the two mobile terminals for P2P communication. If the P2P communication can be established between the two mobile terminals and both mobile terminals are in a default mode for P2P communication, the system establishes P2P communication between the two mobile terminals. On the other hand, if any one of the mobile terminals is in a prompt mode, the system sends a prompt to the mobile terminal in the prompt mode, along with information about incentives for using P2P communication services.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication environment where calls are established with a single mobile terminal through either a cellular network or a packet network via a local wireless adaptor, which is capable of wirelessly communicating with the mobile terminal. As such, the mobile terminal may facilitate traditional cellular calls via the wireless network, or packet-based calls via the local wireless adaptor. When the mobile terminal is involved in a call and within a communication zone of the local wireless adaptor, the packet-based call is facilitated via the local wireless adaptor. As the mobile terminal approaches the outer limits of the communication zone, the call to the mobile terminal is transferred to another connection which is established through the cellular network. As such, the call may continue via the cellular network when local wireless communications are no longer available or not desired by the user.

Abstract: Space-based wireless radiotelephone communications are provided in a satellite footprint over a satellite radiotelephone frequency band. The satellite footprint is divided into satellite cells in which satellite radiotelephone frequencies of the satellite radiotelephone frequency band are spatially reused. At least one of the satellite radiotelephone frequencies that is assigned to a given satellite cell in the satellite footprint is terrestrially reused outside the given satellite cell. A radiation pattern of at least the given satellite cell is modified to reduce interference with the at least one of the satellite radiotelephone frequencies that is terrestrially reused outside the given satellite cell.

Abstract: A system employing a telematics unit and a telematics call center. The telematics unit includes a first module and a first set of at least one pre-scripted text message, and the telematics call center includes a second module and a second set of at least one pre-scripted text message. The modules operate to selectively establish a communication between telematics unit and telematics call center involving at least one of the first set of at least one pre-scripted text message and the second set of at least one pre-scripted text message.

Abstract: A method is proposed for maintaining uplink synchronization with P2P communication in wireless communication networks, comprising steps of: the wireless communication system overhears the P2P communication between two UEs (user equipments), determines the SS (synchronization shift) information of said UEs according to the overheard information transferred by each UE in P2P communication, and transmits the SS information to the corresponding UE via the downlink common control channel; the UE monitors the downlink common control channel, and adjusts the TA (timing advance) for transmitting signals according to the SS information transferred via the downlink common control channel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wireless network system for establishing peer-to-peer communication between mobile terminals. Upon determining that peer-to-peer communication can be established between two mobile terminal, the wireless network system transmits to each of the mobile terminals information about radio resources used by the other one of the mobile terminals. Each mobile terminal then uses the radio resources information to test the characteristics of a dedicated uplink channel between the other one of the mobile terminals and the network system. Thus, no separate radio channel needs to be allocated for the channel testing. Furthermore, each mobile terminal uses the same radio resources to establish a dedicated radio channel in the peer-to-peer communication with the other one of the mobile terminals, which were previously used by itself for communication with the network system on the dedicated uplink channel.

Abstract: A wireless network system that utilizes a multi-beam antenna to communicate with multiple remote stations. The system includes a hub and one or more remote stations. The hub is connected to a source which requires communication with the remote stations, in order to exchange information, such as data and/or voice transmissions. The hub includes a multi-beam antenna assembly, one or more hub radio transceivers, an Ethernet switch, and a controller. Each remote station includes a single directive antenna, a single remote station radio transceiver, an Ethernet switch, and a controller. The multi-beam antenna assembly includes a beam former and a multi-beam antenna. The multi-beam antenna at the hub provides the ability to communicate with more than one remote station at a time. Communication between the hub and remote stations is via a line of sight radio path using directive antenna beams associated with the multi-beam antenna and the remote station antenna.

Abstract: A method and corresponding equipment providing automatic bearer selection so that a user of a telecommunications device (11) can establish a connection with another user without having to indicate a bearer to use, i.e. in case the other user is reachable using different bearers (communication technologies) such as Bluetooth, UTRAN or WLAN, and even in case the other user can be reached via more than one telecommunication device. To enable a device (11) to automatically select a bearer for providing a connection (14) to a second device (12), the method includes: a step (24) in which the first device (11) refers to a contacts bearer data store (11d 11d?) accessible to the first device (11) to obtain a list of at least two possible bearers for providing the connection (14); and a step (28) in which the first device (11) selects one of the at least two possible bearers based on a predetermined selection strategy (11b).

Abstract: A Proxy for calls to a roaming subscriber CRP including a voice bear and a signaling management module, a call access control module, a message processing module, and a waiting call data storage module; and a proxy method for calls to a roaming subscriber including initiating a request to the CRP; the CRP informs the roaming subscriber to call back; and then accomplishing the call switching for the calling subscriber and the called subscriber; and with the afore-mentioned device and method, both the calling subscriber and the called subscriber in this call actually act as a calling party from the viewpoint of the CRP, to avoid unnecessary long distance call costs for both parties and improving communication quality for roaming subscribers.

Abstract: A personal security system takes advantage of location determination capabilities of a mobile communication services to provide personal security features to one or more communities of users. One method includes a user initiating a security period from a mobile device and specifying an end condition for that security period. If the user does not terminate the security period, at the end of the security period a notification is sent with information characterizing the user and a location associated with the user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an information services system wherein requesters can call in to the information services system, request information, and additionally, subscribe to receive updates or alerts that are pertinent to the requested information. Accordingly, a single request for information by a requestor can trigger the receipt of periodic updates and alerts without requiring subsequent requests.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a gateway apparatus includes a pool which retains the plurality of media gateway channel resources in each of a plurality of resource groups constituted by dividing the plurality of media gateway channel resources in accordance with necessity levels thereof, a memory which stores a group table indicating the correspondence/relation between the plurality of resource groups and the communication terminals belonging to these resource groups, and a controller which refers to the group table when an arbitrary communication terminal among the plurality of communication terminals requests to use the media gateway channel resource and which reads from the pool an idle media gateway channel resource in the corresponding resource group for the arbitrary communication terminal based on the result of the reference to allocate the idle media gateway channel resource to the arbitrary communication terminal.

Abstract: Provided is a method and system for enabling mobile devices, radio access networks (RANs), and core networks (CNs) based on different specifications and underlying technologies to communicate. The mobile device and the RAN may be based on one technology, such as a code division multiple access (CDMA) specification, while the CN may be based on another technology, such as a global system for mobile communications (GSM) specification. The method takes a CDMA message received by the RAN, converts it into a corresponding GSM message, and passes it to the CN. Alternatively, a new GSM message may be created. Similarly, a GSM message from the CN may be converted into a CDMA message (or a new CDMA message may be created) and the CDMA message passed on to the RAN. The method may also initiate a function or procedure in one portion of a network using one technology when a certain message is received from another portion of the network using a different technology.

Abstract: The behavior of a network for mobile ratio apparatuses is simulated in a work station having a data input capable of inserting data representative of a network scenario, a data output capable of making available data representative of results of the simulation of the network, and a simulation environment associated with the computer and capable of simulating the network on the basis of the network scenario and of generating and sending to the data outputs the data representative of the results. This environment has first objects representative of devices and/or physical elements belonging to the network to be simulated and second objects representative of processing modules separate from the first objects and capable of conditioning and activating the first objects on the basis of the network scenario to simulate the network.

Abstract: A method for dynamically selecting a voice mail system to receive a call on behalf of a cellular wireless subscriber. A radio access network (RAN) receives a voice mail call request, and a policy server determines which of a plurality of voice mail systems should receive the call from the media gateway system. The policy server can make this determination based on user profile logic and/or by voice interaction with the caller. In one embodiment, the determination may be whether to set up the call to a voice mail system provided by the subscriber's wireless carrier or rather whether to set up the call to a voice mail system provided by an enterprise that serves the subscriber.

Abstract: In a radio communication system formed by a plurality of radio base stations having respective service areas and a mobile radio terminal configured to transmit a data transmission request through one radio base station and receive requested data through at least one radio base stations, a radio control station is provided to predict a moving route of the mobile radio terminal according to a terminal location information obtained from the mobile radio terminal upon receiving the data transmission request from the mobile radio terminal through the one radio base station, select those radio base stations which have service areas containing at least a part of the predicted moving route, and deliver requested data to the selected radio base stations.

Abstract: A method relates to a network identification that uniquely identifies a communication device. The method includes determining a network address corresponding to the network identification. Another step is determining which device manager, of multiple device managers, is assigned the network address. Information and the network address is transmitted to the assigned device manager. The assigned device manager determines, from the network address, a device identification that identifies the wireless device within a communication device network. Using the device identification, the assigned device manager transmits the information to the device.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining whether to transfer an audio, video, or text data file, requested to be transferred through a mobile station, based on a specified transfer condition and/or file size, and transferring the data file to a destined mobile terminal connected through a mobile communication network. The method stores a data file and transfer conditioning information thereof, which contains information on file size and/or transfer blocking time zone and a destination terminal, received from a calling mobile terminal connected through the mobile communication network, selects a data file to transfer and determines whether to transfer the selected data file based on the transfer conditioning information, and transmits the selected data file to a called mobile terminal specified as destination by the transfer conditioning information.

Abstract: A received electric field measuring section 11 measures the received electric fields from the communicative base station and the neighbor base stations. A received electric field memory section 12 stores received electric field patterns of the communicative base station and two given neighbor stations measured in the received electric field measuring section whenever the communicative base station for communication for the first time is switched over to one of the neighbor base stations. A received electric field pattern comparing section 13 compares the received electric field patterns of the communicative base station having and the two given neighbor stations and the received electric field patterns stored in the received electric field memory section whenever the received electric fields from the communicative base station been in communication with before and the two given neighbor base stations are measured in the received electric field measuring section.

Abstract: A method of customizing hold-time content in a mobile vehicle communication system includes gathering preference information from the mobile vehicle, determining hold-time content from the preference information and playing the determined hold-time content while the call is on hold. Systems and programs for customizing hold-time content are also provided.

Abstract: A multi-mode wireless device is provided to communicate with a plurality of networks, at least some of the networks having different modes of communication. The multi-mode wireless device has a network selection component to monitor at least some of networks and switch the multi-mode wireless device to communicate with different networks based on a network selection criterion. The user interface allows a user of the multi-mode wireless device to edit the network selection criterion based on a user preference related to the network used by the multi-mode wireless device. A method for communicating on one or more networks using a multi-mode wireless device is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to relocation of a protocol termination point in a communication system comprising a first protocol termination point, a second protocol termination point and control means for relocating a first protocol from the first protocol termination point to the second protocol termination point. A protocol initialization unit that contains predefined information of the first termination point is defined by means of the first protocol. The protocol initialization unit is subsequently transferred from the first termination point to the second termination point by means of a second protocol. The second termination point is initialized based on the received protocol initialization unit.

Abstract: A dual-band multiple beam antenna system for a communications satellite sharing a set of reflector antennas for the transmit and receive frequencies. One set of reflectors is common to both the downlink and uplink frequencies. The feed horns are diplexed and exhibit frequency-dependent radiation patterns that separate the phase centers over the downlink and uplink frequency bands to obtain dual-band performance. The focal point of the reflector is in close proximity to the phase center corresponding to the downlink frequency band. The phase center for the uplink frequency band is spaced a predetermined distance from the phase center of the downlink frequency band. According to the present invention, the uplink frequencies are defocused and the downlink frequencies are focused thereby creating identical radiation patterns at both frequency bands and over the coverage region of the communications satellite.

Abstract: A system and method of wireless communication enabling a device to transmit data via a second routing switch to a host computer associated with at least first and second routing switches, subsequent to determining that the host computer cannot receive the data from the first routing switch.

Abstract: A service control point comprising a processing system coupled to an interface. The processing system is configured to process a first message to generate a second message containing instructions to a communication device to collect digits from a caller, and process a third message with the collected digits to generate a fourth message with call handling information for a call. The interface is configured to receive the first message from the communication device, transmit the second message for the communication device, receive the third message from the communication device and transmit the fourth message for the communication device.

Abstract: A satellite is used to route push-to-send messages among terrestrial base stations. Reduced push-to-send delays thereby may be provided, when a source push-to-send radioterminal is widely separated from a destination push-to-send radioterminal. Satellite routing only may be used when the source push-to-send radioterminal and the destination push-to-send radioterminal are not communicating with a single terrestrial base station or with a group of terrestrial base stations that are proximate one another. A destination base station that is communicating with the destination push-to-send radioterminal may be determined at the satellite, at a satellite gateway and/or at a central server.

Abstract: A telematic emergency communication system is provided. The system includes a user terminal that generates emergency communication signals within an emergency signal band. A spacecraft network has a first emergency mode receiver and attempts to receive the emergency signals via a spacecraft. A terrestrial network has a second emergency mode receiver and receives the emergency signals when the spacecraft network is unable to sufficiently detect the emergency signals and routes the emergency signals to a control center. A method of performing the same is also provided.

Abstract: A downstream adaptive modulation system and method. The downstream adaptive modulation system comprises a wireless access termination system and one or more wireless modems. The wireless access termination system includes a plurality of queues and a parser. The parser parses data traffic onto the plurality of queues. Each queue is associated with a different coding and modulation scheme. Each of the one or more wireless modems receives data traffic from the plurality of queues based on the wireless modem's ability to demodulate and decode the signal from each of the plurality of queues. When a wireless modem experiences a change in signal strength, the present invention enables the wireless modem to adapt to data from other queues to compensate for the change in signal strength. Thus, if the signal strength improves over a period of time, the wireless modem may receive data at a higher order modulation and FEC code rate.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication system, a wireless communication system, comprising: one or more wireless base station; and a plurality of wireless terminals capable of communicating with said wireless base station by wireless, two or more of said wireless terminals capable of communicating with each other by wireless thereby forming a wireless terminal group; wherein said wireless base station has a representative determination unit configured to determine at least one wireless terminal belonging to said wireless terminal group as a representative terminal; and said representative terminal receives first frames transmitted from other wireless terminals belonging to said wireless terminal group, and transmits the received first frames to said wireless base station.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing messages at a first network node in a mobile communications network are disclosed. A first message relating to a communication in a mobile communications network that includes a called directory number is received. A lookup is performed in a first database based on the called directory number to determine whether a called party has been ported out of a first network and to determine a migration status of the called party. In response to determining that the called party has been ported out of the first network, a first reply message is formulated including first routing information from the first database that indicates a second network to which the called party has been ported. If the called party has not been ported out, a second reply message is formulated including second routing information from the first database that corresponds to the determined migration status.

Abstract: A method for consistent forwarding of data is provided. The method includes storing a plurality of correlations between a set of wireline communication priority levels and a set of wireless communication priority levels. The method further includes receiving data from an application via a wireline communications network. The data is received according to a wireline communication priority level assigned to the data from the set of wireline communication priority levels. The method further includes determining from the set of wireless communication priority levels a wireless communication priority level for the data based at least in part on the wireline communication priority level associated with the data and one or more of the plurality of correlations. The method further includes transmitting the data to a mobile station according to the wireless communication priority level determined for the data.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and business techniques are disclosed for use in distributed communication systems comprising a plurality of communication protocols. In one embodiment a first air interface is used to initiate communication between a wireless client and a remote server at least partially using a first wireless access point. The server sends the wireless client a stub of a distributed object. The stub is used to instantiate an object class. The object class defines an interface that the remote client can use to communicate with the remote server using an upper layer interface. The distributed object stub also provides an implementation of a software radio configuration for a set of lower protocol layers in a second air interface. The wireless client can thereby communicate with a second wireless access point using said second air interface protocol.

Abstract: A process and system for controlling the use of satellite transmission capacity in terrestrial networks for the substitution of out-of-order data lines. The circuit/process is characterized in that an independent, local control apparatus, which monitors a backup terminal with the software specially written for this application, cooperates in limited manner with the data transmission device of the user and, based on the analysis of a data control signal, detects the need for alternative routing. Via communication lines and modems, the control apparatus switches on the transmission carrier of the affected satellite modem which is connected to a satellite antenna. The satellite antennas are in communication with the satellite via the transmission carrier. All other, non-affected terminals in the network also receive the transmission carrier of the affected satellite modem. The transmission capacity of the asynchronous overhead of the satellite modem is used for the transmission of destination addresses.

Abstract: A communication satellite facility and a satellite communication system adapted to respond flexibly to development and change of communication technologies occurring on the ground even after satellites have been launched. The system includes a first satellite having an antenna function, a second satellite having a modem function and a third satellite having a server function all of which are launched into one and same slot of geosynchronous orbit and connected one to another by wideband intersatellite communication. A ground station connected to a ground network communicates with the first satellite.

Abstract: A radiocommunication infrastructure includes a core network comprising switches and subscriber management means and an access network comprising a plurality of base stations capable of communicating by radio with the mobile stations and base station control means. Messages pertaining to services of an idle mode type are: broadcast by one or more of the base stations to be received by mobile stations in idle mode; and/or transmitted by the base station towards at least one mobile station in active mode, for which the base station control means store radio link management information, if said management information includes references relating to the services to which the service messages pertain. These references are received by the control means during a setup procedure which has caused the mobile station to enter the active mode.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes multiple wireless communication platforms carrying reflectors for providing spot beams. By using multiple platforms, the payload can be split. Each platform carries only a part of the reflectors needed to provide coverage for a certain geographic area. That allows the reflectors to be of larger size providing smaller spot beams. The multiple platforms of the wireless communication system are designed to be interchangeable. Therefore, only one standby platform is necessary for backup. By further providing an closed-loop pointing control method it is possible to keep multiple platforms pointed accurately relative to each other and relative to the user coverage area.

Abstract: A system and method of automatically transferring a call between telephones based on the distance between the two telephones is provided. First the proximity of a first telephone to a second telephone is determined. If the proximity is within a predetermined limit or threshold, calls directed to the first telephone are transferred to the second telephone. Security of the transfer may be ensured to prevent fraudulent use of the subscription of either telephone. Procedures are provided which permit any the above-mentioned steps to be performed either at the level of the individual telephones involved in the transfer, or by an element of the network, such as an MSC or HLR.

Abstract: An access control system for a wireless telecommunications system comprising: a first base station serving a first site and operable as part of a first wireless telecommunications network; a second base station serving a second site and operable as part of a second wireless telecommunications network; the first and second telephone networks being connected together, whereby a call can be connected between the first base station and the second base station via the first wireless telecommunications network and the second wireless telecommunications network; and the access control system comprising: a data link of which use is restricted between the first network and the second network, whereby a call may be connected between the first network and the second network; and a first site link access control unit comprising a database for storing identities of wireless terminals at the second site for permitting calls to such terminals made at the first site to be routed from the first site to the second site over th

Abstract: An improved satellite communication device and system are provided. The satellite communication device uses yaw or roll-yaw steering to linearize angular track of uplink cells; one-dimensional linear “ratcheting” in an uplink antenna to maintain resource allocation of uplink cells along antenna columns; phased-array downlink antennas which can track earth-fixed downlink cells while compensating for the yaw (or roll-yaw) satellite steering; and variable rate TDMA service among downlink cells in a footprint. As a result, system overhead for performing new resource allocations between satellite handovers is minimized, thereby reducing resource management and increasing system capacity. Flexible bandwidth/capacity assignment of both uplink and downlink resources to earth locations via linear cell ratcheting, uplink RF peaking switch, and data-driven variable-TDMA downlink phased-arrays, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method (100) for virtual path switching of an ATM cell on a processing communications satellite. The method includes establishing a set of VPIs (104) associated with output ports on the satellite and assigning one VPI to an ATM cell (108). The ATM cell may then be received by an input port of the satellite (110). An associated output port (114) for the ATM cell is determined from the VPI, and the ATM cell is transferred to that output port (116). The present invention may also provide for multicast switching (400). The VPI assigned to the ATM cell may be associated with a multicast output port. The ATM cells may be reproduced (426) and reassigned with a new VPI from a multicast group of VPIs (428). The reproduced cells are received at an input port of the satellite (430) for routing to the corresponding output ports.

Abstract: A system and method for enabling a user to query availability, roaming history and/or modem statistics of a wireless device that can roam between at least two different wireless networks, without assistance from network service provider personnel.

Abstract: A system and method supports multiple wireless carrier mobile station location requirements with a common network overlay location system. The common network overlay location system shares geolocation assets such as location measurement units (LMU), geo-location control system (GCS), and, optionally, mobile positioning centers (MPC). The shared location assets are configured to operate with each of the sharing carrier systems. The number of sharing carriers in the same market is not limited. LMUs are configurable and switchable to measure attributes of the transmitted signal from mobile stations belonging to any of the wireless carriers which are used by the common location system to estimate the location of the mobile station using time of arrival, time difference of arrival, angle of arrival, signal power, and combinations of the same. The location of the LMUs are configured to provide an acceptable level of accuracy while minimizing a function such as the need for additional LMUs and cost.

Abstract: A radio apparatus which conducts radio communication by establishing a communication link with a given device includes a first store unit configured to store first identifying information which identifies the given device with which the communication link has been established, a receive unit configured to receive a connection request from another device when the communication link is disconnected; a obtain unit configured to obtain second identifying information which identifies the another device from the another device from which the connection request is received, a determine unit configured to determine whether the first identifying information agrees with the second identifying information, a establish unit configured to establish a communication link with the another device from which the connection request has been received, if it is determined that the first identifying information agrees with the second identifying information.

Abstract: A satellite communication system (10) includes a satellite (20) which receives first and second data from sources. Each satellite receives control data from a satellite control center (100). An earth processing center (PC) is arranged to process the data received from the satellites, and a wide band network (30) is arranged to transmit the data to the processing center. A receptor terminal (A) is arranged to receive the first data and to place the first data on the network (30) for transmission to the processing center (PC). A second receptor terminal (B) is arranged to receive the second data and to place the second data on the network (30) for transmission to the processing center (PC).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for updating accounting information for a mobile node operating according to Mobile IP Protocol are disclosed. A network device which supports Mobile IP composes a request packet for the mobile node. The request packet identifies the mobile node and includes at least one counter associated with accounting information pertaining to the mobile node. The request packet is then sent to a server adapted for performing accounting. The server then logs the accounting information for the mobile node. The server may then send a reply packet to the network device acknowledging logging of the accounting information pertaining to the mobile node. A bill for Mobile IP services may then be generated from the accounting information.

Abstract: To provide fast access times with very large key fields, an associative memory utilizes a location addressable memory and lookup table to generate from a key the address in memory storing an associated record. The lookup tables, stored in memory, are constructed with the aid of arithmetic data compression methods to create a near perfect hashing of the keys. For encoding into the lookup table, keys are divided into a string of symbols. Each valid and invalid symbol is assigned an index value, such that the sum of valid index values for symbols of a particular key is a unique value that is used as an address to the memory storing the record associated with that key, and the sum of keys containing invalid index values point to a location in memory containing similar data. Utilizing the lookup tables set and relational operations maybe carried out that provide a user with a maximum number of key records resulting from a sequence of intersection, union and mask operations.