Abstract: A reversibly deactivated, particulate catalyst in a hydrocarbon synthesis slurry is rejuvenated by circulating the slurry from a slurry body through (i) a gas disengaging zone to remove gas bubbles from the slurry and increase its density, (iii) a downcomer which feeds the gas reduced, dense slurry into the bottom of a rejuvenating tube and applies a positive hydrostatic pressure to the tube, (iii) a catalyst rejuvenation zone in which a catalyst rejuvenating gas, which also acts as a lift gas, contacts the catalyst in slurry to form a catalyst rejuvenated slurry and, (iv) back into the slurry body. Removing gas bubbles prior to rejuvenation improves the rejuvenation efficiency and the downcomer reduces the amount of rejuvenation gas required to maintain slurry circulation through the tube.

Abstract: A reversibly deactivated, particulate catalyst in a hydrocarbon synthesis slurry is rejuvenated by circulating the slurry from a slurry body through a rejuvenation zone in which hydrogen contacts the slurry and rejuvenates the catalyst to form a rejuvenated catalyst slurry and an offgas which contains catalyst deactivating species. The offgas is separated and removed from the rejuvenated slurry before it is passed back into the slurry body. This avoids or minimizes contamination and recontamination of the slurry body with the deactivating species produced by the rejuvenation process.

Abstract: An aqueous epoxidation process stream containing molybdenum and sodium values is incinerated and an aqueous solution containing molybdenum and sodium is recovered, acidified and reacted with a calcium compound without first adding base to form solid CaMoO.sub.4 which is separated.

Abstract: A slurry hydrocarbon synthesis process employs a slurry filtration vessel external of the slurry reactor. Slurry from the reactor is passed through one or more gas and solids disengaging zones, one or more of which may be present in the reactor and vessel, to reduce the gas and solids content of the slurry before it contacts the filter in the vessel. The filter separates the slurry hydrocarbon liquid from the gas and solids as a filtrate which is sent to upgrading. Valves in gas and fluid conduits enable the filtration vessel to be isolated from the reactor for maintenance, to replace filters and to aid in controlling slurry flow through the vessel. A hydrogen rich gas may be injected into the filtration vessel to prevent catalyst deactivation. Slurry is hydraulically circulated between the reactor and vessel due to density differences while the reactor is operating.

Abstract: Disclosed is a low-temperature process for regenerating carbon adsorbents utilized in flue gas desulfurization where carbon loss is minimized. The carbon adsorbent is soaked or washed in a basic reducing solution having a pH greater than 7.0 at room temperature to remove sulfur-containing compounds from carbon.

Abstract: A process for the removal of fluoride from a spent chromium-based fluroination catalyst by contacting the catalyst with potassium hydroxide to produce a suspension of solid hydrated chromium oxide in aqueous potassium fluoride. The solid hydrated chromium oxide may be separated from the solution, washed with water and/or aqueous acid, and contacted with nitric acid to produce a chromium (HI) nitrate solution from which a chromium-based catalyst may be prepared by precipitation of hydrated chromium oxide therefrom with aqueous alkali, and washing, drying and calcining the hydrated chromium oxide.

Abstract: A process for treating low water content carbonylation catalyst solutions which contain a rhodium component and an alkali metal component to remove metallic corrosion products is disclosed. The process comprises contacting the catalyst solution with an ion exchange resin, preferably in the lithium form, and a sufficient amount of water to decrease the concentration of alkali metal ions to optimize removal of corrosion metal products.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting a spent catalyst from conventional fluorination processes into a commercially useful tantalum or niobium oxide such as Ta(OH)5, Ta2O5, Nb(OH)5, or Nb2O5. The process broadly relates to dissolving the spent catalyst into water or an aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution, separating and disposing the undissolved residue, extracting the aqueous solution with a suitable solvent such as methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), and obtaining useful tantalum or niobium oxide products.

Abstract: A simple and excellent process for the regeneration of heteropolyacid catalysts can be provided. A heteropolyacid catalyst, e.g. a phosphomolybdic acid catalyst, whose activity has been lowered can be regenerated by dissolving and/or suspending it in an aqueous medium and then treating with an inorganic ion-exchange material, e.g. crystalline antimonic acid.

Abstract: A process to rejuvenate a spent sorbent to produce a rejuvenated sorbent is provided. This process comprises: (a) contacting a spent sorbent with a zinc composition that comprises zinc oxide, or a precursor to zinc oxide, to form a contacted composition; (b) drying said contacted composition at a temperature in the range of about 25.degree. C. to about 375.degree. C. for a time period in the range of about 1 minute to about 24 hours, to form a dried, contacted composition; and (c) calcining said dried, contacted composition at a temperature in the range of about 400.degree. C. to about 800.degree. C. for a time period in the range of about 1 minute to about 24 hours, to form said rejuvenated sorbent.

Abstract: A method of removing a catalyst, particularly Raney nickel, from a catalytic reaction product, particularly a hydrogenation reaction product, by passing the catalytic reaction product containing the solid catalyst through a hollow tubular filter medium which comprises a nonwoven web of fibers, has a tapered pore distribution such that the pore size of the filter medium decreases in the direction of normal fluid flow, and is backwashable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes of regenerating Ni catalysts which had been used in a hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty oil or petroleum resin, which comprise separating the Ni-extracted solution and support by extracting the pretreated Ni catalysts with an acid, preparing support-containing solution by burning the separated support in the flow of air or oxygen diluted with nitrogen at the temperature of 300.degree. to 800.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is provided for starting a catalytic hydrocarbon conversion reaction or using a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst into which a sulfur agent has been incorporated. In an inert atmosphere, the sulfur-impregnated catalyst is treated with dilute hydrogen to prevent excessive temperatures during the exothermic transformation of oxides into sulfides of the active metals of the catalyst.

Abstract: Magnetic polymer resins capable of efficient removal of actinides and heavy metals from contaminated water are disclosed together with methods for making, using, and regenerating them. The resins comprise polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin beads with ferrites attached to the surfaces of the beads. Markedly improved water decontamination is demonstrated using these magnetic polymer resins of the invention in the presence of a magnetic field, as compared with water decontamination methods employing ordinary ion exchange resins or ferrites taken separately.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting a spent catalyst from conventional fluorination processes into a commercially useful tantalum or niobium salt such as K.sub.2 TaF.sub.7 or K.sub.2 NbF.sub.7. The process broadly relates to dissolving the spent catalyst in water or an aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution, separating and disposing the undissolved residue, extracting the aqueous solution with a suitable solvent such as methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), and obtaining useful tantalum products from the MIBK solution such as a tantalum salt.

Abstract: Zeolites containing titanium atoms used as catalyst for the preparation of epoxides from olefins and hydrogen peroxide are regenerated by treating the spent catalyst with hydrogen peroxide in the absence of olefins and the regenerated catalyst is again used for the epoxidation.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method for separating a ruthenium complex, which comprises removing an objective hydrogenation reaction product from a hydrogenation reaction solution of an organic carbonyl compound in the presence of a ruthenium complex having a tertiary organic phosphorus compound as ligand to obtain a catalyst solution, contacting said catalyst solution with a polar solvent, and carrying out a phase-separation into a liquid phase substantially composed of the polar solvent and an another liquid phase substantially containing the ruthenium complex.

Abstract: In a catalytic assembly having an oxidation catalytic unit disposed above the broiling area of a fat-food broiler for enabling the catalytic oxidation of volatile broiling smoke organic contaminants, a low pressure drop open-pore metallic flame-arresting filter screen disposed between the broiling area and the catalytic unit and substantially completely overlying the broiling area and containing upon the screen an adherent coating comprising a high surface area inorganic oxide adsorbent and an inorganic binder therefor, the coating serving to adhere salt, phosphorous and other catalyst-poisoning compounds in the broiling emissions. Preferred methods of coating and broiler flame-arresting use are described.

Abstract: A process for making a catalyst product which comprises reacting dialkyltin oxide with an alcohol and the corresponding dialkyl carbonate at a temperature in the range between about 50.degree. to 200.degree. C. and at a pressure in the range between about 75 to 600 psi (0.52 to 4.14 MPa), wherein the catalyst product comprises dialkyltin dialkoxide in the range between about 90 to 100 mole % based on the tin species of the catalyst product. This process also forms effective catalyst product when the methanol is replaced with either a primary or secondary alcohol.

Abstract: A process is provided for the restoration of hydrogen sulfide removal capacity in nitrogen-treated carbonaceous chars which have become exhausted for hydrogen sulfide capacity when used for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas streams containing oxygen and water. This process entails washing the spent carbonaceous char with water of sufficient quantity to remove the majority of the hydrogen sulfide reaction products. By the use of this process a significant proportion of the original hydrogen sulfide capacity of the nitrogen-treated carbonaceous char is recovered.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for separating and recovering catalyst and oil from a catalyst/oil mix, using the steps of mixing the catalyst/oil mix with a solvent for the oil and dissolving the oil in the solvent, separating the catalyst from the solvent and dissolved oil and recovering the catalyst as a wet powder, and separating the dissolved oil from the solvent, whereby both the oil and the solvent are recovered in reusable form.

Abstract: A three step process for regenerating spent bleaching clays and acid-activated smectite catalyst granules includes: (1) an extraction step to remove a majority of entrained oil, preferably about 75% to about 95% by weight of the entrained oil, when regenerating bleaching clays; (2) an oxidation step to remove the majority of remaining carbonaceous adsorbates which are not removed by the preceding extraction step, and (3) an acid wash step to restore the acidity normally associated with fresh acid-activated bleaching clays. The features of steps 2 and 3 may be combined into a single step by using an appropriate oxidant, for example, a source of acidic protons, such as peracetic acid.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a water-soluble hydroformylation catalyst system comprising a coupler rhodium hydrogen-carbonyl complex of rhodium and compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 are individually phenyl or naphthyl, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.3 are individually selected from the group consisting of alkyl and alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen, --OH, --CN, --NO.sub.2 and R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N--, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are individually alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 are individually carboxylate (--COO.sup.-) or sulfonate (--SO.sub.3.sup.-), m.sub.1, m.sub.2 and m.sub.3 are individually integers of 0 to 3, at least one of m.sub.1, m.sub.2 or m.sub.3 being equal to or greater than 1, and n.sub.1, n.sub.2 and n.sub.

Abstract: A method of recovering catalyst material from latent catalyst material solids includes: a) combining latent catalyst material solids with a liquid acid anolyte solution and a redox material which is soluble in the acid anolyte solution to form a mixture; b) electrochemically oxidizing the redox material within the mixture into a dissolved oxidant, the oxidant having a potential for oxidation which is effectively higher than that of the latent catalyst material; c) reacting the oxidant with the latent catalyst material to oxidize the latent catalyst material into at least one oxidized catalyst species which is soluble within the mixture and to reduce the oxidant back into dissolved redox material; and d) recovering catalyst material from the oxidized catalyst species of the mixture.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the activity of a regenerated catalyst for the hydroprocessing of hydrocarbons comprising:(a) applying a modifying element dissolved in a solvent onto the surface of a regenerated catalyst;(b) drying said modified regenerated catalyst to remove all free solvent from said catalyst;(c) optionally, heating said dried modified regenerated catalyst at temperature of about 120.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. at a rate of 1.degree.-20.degree. C. per minute, and holding said dried catalyst at a temperature of about 120.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. up to 48 hours to provide an enhanced regenerated catalyst; and(d) recovering said enhanced regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: A three step process for regenerating spent bleaching clays and acid-activated smectite catalyst granules includes: (1) an extraction step to remove a majority of entrained oil, preferably about 75% to about 95% by weight of the entrained oil, when regenerating bleaching clays; (2) an oxidation step to remove the majority of remaining carbonaceous adsorbates which are not removed by the preceding extraction step, and (3) an acid wash step to restore the acidity normally associated with fresh acid-activated bleaching clays. The features of steps 2 and 3 may be combined into a single step by using an appropriate oxidant, for example, a source of acidic protons, such as peracetic acid.

Abstract: Refining processes for recovering HF from acid soluble oils (ASO) generated by the HF recovery unit of an HF alkylation unit are provided. ASO containing HF is removed from the HF recovery unit and contacted with water to form a system having two phases, an aqueous HF containing phase and an organic phase. After phase separation, the aqueous HF containing phase passes through a bed of fluidized NaF crystals, where the NaF reacts with the HF to form salts having the general formula NaF.nHF. Flow of the aqueous HF containing phase to the bed continues until exhaustion of the bed, as determined by the detection of HF in the effluent. After exhaustion of the bed, the process provides for the regeneration of the bed and release of anhydrous HF which is then returned to the HF alkylation unit.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the regeneration of solid acidic hydrocarbon conversion catalysts, but particularly certain transition aluminas and zeolites promoted with Lewis acids (preferably BF.sub.3) which have been used in the alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins. The process involves the removal of some portion of the reaction product residue adhering to the solid catalyst by contact with a solvent to partially recover the catalyst's initial activity.

Abstract: Noble metal or other preformer catalysts used to convert cobalt salts to hydrido cobalt carbonyl for use in the oxonation of olefins are activated or regenerated by treatment with H.sub.2 O at 120.degree. to 170.degree. C., 13.78 MPa (2,000 psig) to 31.00 MPa (4,500 psig) for 2-50 hours.

Abstract: A novel process and chemicals are disclosed for the rejuvenation of oxidation catalysts used to reduce the production of pollutants in the exhaust gas emanating from an internal combustion engine, particularly catalysts used in the converters of automobiles and other combustion engine powered vehicles. The rejuvenation may be done in place, within minutes, without removing the holding containers or converters or the catalyst from them. The rejuvenation is effected by treating the used catalyst with an aqueous solution of a peroxide which is decomposable at the temperature of treatment. The concentration of solution, the proportion of solution per unit volume of catalyst and the time of treatment are important factors in the effectiveness in regenerating or rejuvenating the catalyst.

Abstract: The isomerization activity of hydroisomerization catalyst is recovered by subjecting the catalyst to a wash using light aromatic solvents at elevated temperature, e.g. toluene at 300.degree. C. This hot aromatic solvent wash may be preceded by a hot hydrogen containing gas strip. Catalyst activity can be maintained by the continuous or periodic addition of light aromatic solvent or light aromatic containing materials to the feeds sent to the isomerization catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for regenerating a spent liquid acid catalyst comprising the steps of:(a) providing a spent liquid acid catalyst comprising HF, sulfolane, and conjunct polymeric byproducts formed during the HF-catalyzed reaction of isoparaffin and olefin to form isoparafinnic alkylate;(b) providing a finely divided solid sorbent, wherein said solid sorbent preferentially and reversibly sorbs said conjunct polymeric byproducts from a mixture containing HF, sulfolane;(c) mixing said spent liquid acid catalyst of step (a) with said solid sorbent of step (b) by charging said spent liquid acid catalyst to the driving fluid inlet of an eductor and drawing a stream containing said solid sorbent into said eductor;(d) holding said mixture of step (c) in contact for time sufficient for said solid sorbent to preferentially sorb at least a portion of said conjunct polymeric byproducts from said spent liquid acid catalyst to produce a conjunct polymer-enriched sorbent and to regenerate said liquid acid catalyst; an

Abstract: To separate and recover rhodium, the distillation residues of oxo synthesis products are initially treated with an oxidant. Then the reaction mixture is reacted, in the presence of carbon monoxide (or a compound which splits off carbon monoxide), with an aqueous solution of a reagent forming a water-soluble complex compound with rhodium. The reaction mixture breaks into an organic phase and an aqueous phase, the complex goes to the aqueous phase as it is substantially insoluble in the organic phase.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a deactivated hydroformylation catalyst system that contains a rhodium hydridocarbonyl tris(trisubstituted phosphine) complex, a trisubstituted phosphine, and a diphosphinoalkane, is disclosed. The process involves oxidation of the catalyst system, removal of the phosphine oxidation products, and regeneration of the catalyst system by syngas treatment, aqueous extraction, and addition of phosphine ligands.

Abstract: The regeneration of active carbon onto which one or more organic substances may be adsorbed is achieved by means of a photodegrading process catalyzed by a semiconductor.

Abstract: Chemically and thermally stable monolithic catalysts are disclosed having platinum or alkali metal-vanadium active phases for use in the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide. The platinum catalyst comprises a foraminous ceramic support which has at its wall surfaces a high surface area substrate for an active catalyst phase, and a combination of a platinum active phase and a promoter on the substrate. The substrate preferably comprises silica, provided, for example, by application of a silica washcoat. The promoter is selected from among compounds of zirconium, hafnium and titanium.The alkali-vanadium catalyst comprises a foraminous ceramic support having a porous silica substrate for the active phase at its foraminal wall surfaces. An alkali metal-vanadium active catalyst is in the pores of the porous silica.

Abstract: A process of recovering a platinum group metal from a waste catalyst comprising a first step which comprises heating and melting the catalyst impregnated with the platinum group metal, copper and/or the oxide of copper, a flux component and a reductant component to form a layer containing the metal copper into which the platinum group metal is absorbed and another layer of the oxide, and then separating the metal copper; and a second step which comprises supplying air or oxygen as an oxidant to the separated metal copper for oxidizing under heating and melting to form a layer of partially oxidized metal copper and another layer of the metal copper containing the concentrated platinum group metal, and separating it. This process enables the economical recovery of the platinum group metal from the waste catalyst in a short period of time with high recovery rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the recovery of catalyst values from mixtures of catalyst compounds and oligomeric materials. The process provides for the separation of (i) an onium iodide compound, (ii) an organotin iodide compound, or (iii) a mixture thereof from a mixture thereof in an oligomer of a .gamma.,.delta.-epoxy-alkene by the steps of (1) intimately contacting the mixture with an extraction solvent selected from hydrocarbons having about 5 to 12 carbon atoms; (2) allowing the mixture of step (1) to separate into 2 phases; and (3) recovering the extraction solvent phase containing iodide compounds (i) and (ii). The oligomer mixture of compounds (i) and/or (ii) is formed during the manufacture of 2,5-dihydrofurans by the isomerization of .gamma.,.delta.-epoxyalkenes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing acid soluble oils, produced as an undesirable by-product of an HF catalyzed alkylation reaction, from a liquid containing a sulfone compound. The process includes the use of water to induce the formation of the two immiscible liquid phases of ASO and sulfone with water. The two immiscible phases can subsequently be separated from each other.

Abstract: A method of regenerating a contaminant metal-containing, coke deactivated, molecular sieve-free catalyst having at least one hydrogenation metal and at least one Group IV metal deposited on an inorganic oxide support comprising contacting the catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas under conditions sufficient to remove a substantial amount of the coke from the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbonic acid ester which comprises reacting an alcohol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a compound of divalent copper is disclosed, wherein the catalyst deactivated as a result of the carbonic acid ester-producing reaction is regenerated by subjecting a reaction mixture or a concentrate thereof containing the deactivated catalyst to water-replacement treatment, followed by heat treatment and weak-acid treatment.

Abstract: Spent or inactive alumina-supported catalysts removed from a catalytic hydrotreating process and having carbonaceous and metallic deposits thereon are reactivated. After a solvent wash to remove process oils, the spent catalyst is treated with an organic solvent, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, at a temperature of 200.degree. to about 500.degree. F. for a period of about 1 to about 12 hours to form the reactivated catalyst suitable for reuse in a catalytic hydrotreating process. Optionally, the solvent treated catalyst can be regenerated by contact with an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature of about 700.degree. to about 900.degree. F. to remove carbon deposits from the catalyst, or, alternatively, the solvent treated catalyst can be acid leached to remove undesired metals and then contacted with an oxygen-containing gas at an elevated temperature to remove carbon deposits.

Abstract: The invention presented involves a method for regenerating, replacing or treating the catalyst in a hydroprocessing reactor, the method comprising admixing with the feedstock, recycle stream or hydrogen stream of the reactor an additive which comprises a nonionic, organometallic platinum group metal coordination composition which is a) resistant to breakdown under ambient temperatures; b) capable of breakdown at temperatures existing in the vicinity of the catalyst; and c) does not contain a disadvantageous amount of phosphorus, arsenic, sulfur, antimony or halides.

Abstract: A process for the reuse or recycling of FCC equilibrium catalysts is disclosed. The process involved treatment of a zeolite-containing equilibrium catalyst with clear seeds, a source of sodium oxide, a source of silica and water at elevated temperatures in order to destroy the Y originally present in the equilibrium catalyst and regrow zeolite Y in the pores of the matrix to a level no higher than 70 weight percent.

Abstract: This invention concerns the use of M[BR.sub.3 H].sub.y reagents for activating or regenerating deactivated or degraded Ni catalyst used in Ni-catalyzed alkene hydrocyanation processes in the presence of an organic phosphorus compound, where M is an electropositive ion excluding nickel, such as, but not limited to, the Group 1A cations, the Group IIA cations, the lanthanide cations and the quaternary ammoniums and R is an organic radical of up to 18 carbon atoms, and where y is equal to the net charge of the cation. The invention also concerns a process for activation or regeneration of Ni-catalysts using MH and a catalytic amount of BR.sub.3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process making it possible when a refining catalyst is subject preferably in situ to the conventional activation reaction in the presence of hydrogen (generally at above 100.degree. C.) to carry out, as a result of the in situ presence of hydrogen, the sulphurization at the required stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric level of the active metal or metals in the composition of the catalyst. In the absence of hydrogen, the process consists of incorporating into the porosity of the new or regenerated catalyst at least one sulphurizing agent of general formula:R--S(n)--R'in which n is an integer from 3 to 20 and R represents an organic radical.The invention is characterized in that a critical elementary sulphur quantity is added to the sulphurizing agent.

Abstract: A high-density and mean-porosity catalyst, supported on a siliceous matrix, based on vanadium, iron, oxygen and alkali metals, wherein the V.sub.2 O.sub.5 content ranges from 6 to 9% by weight, the Me.sub.2 O content ranges from 8.5 to 12% by weight (Me being an alkali metal), the particle density ranges from 1.10 to 1.40 g/cm.sup.3 and furthermore:the pore volume ranges from 0.20 to 0.70 cm.sup.3 /g and the surface area ranges from 0.30 to 5 m.sup.2 /g, the average radius of the pores ranging from 600 to 2200 nanometers;the SiO.sub.2 content is lower than 75% by weight and the Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 content is higher than 0.90% by weight.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oxidative process for recovering rhodium catalyst values from "tars" formed during the preparation of acetic anhydride by the rhodium catalyzed carbonylation of a mixture of methyl iodide and methyl acetate and/or dimethyl ether. The disclosed process includes the treatment of a tar/methyl iodide solution, which contains rhodium values normally not extracted by aqueous hydrogen iodide, with a solution of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid.

Abstract: Cobalt is recovered from the oil/water mixed reaction product of an oxonation reaction by converting the cobalt in the oil/water product to carbonyls and absorption of the carbonyls in the residue obtained from the upgrading of the heavy fraction of a hydroformylation reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spent hydroprocessing catalyst regeneration process wherein the catalyst is subjected to an initial partial decoking step, followed by impregnation with a Group VIB metal-containing component, and then subjected to a final decoking step.