Abstract: A method of separating metals from carbon-supported catalyst materials comprises the steps of combusting the carbon at a temperature insufficient to cause volatisation of the metal followed by reduction with hydrogen of any oxidised metal and washing with acid or water.

Abstract: In a process for the purification and recovery of a contaminated catalyst solution produced during carbonylation of methanol and/or methyl acetate and/or dimethyl ether and containing carbonyl complexes of rhodium, organic and/or inorganic promoters, undistillable organic impurities and acetic acid, acetic anhydride and ethylidene diacetate, the organic impurities and acetic acid, acetic anhydride and ethylidene diacetate are removed from the contaminatd catalyst solution by extraction at pressures from 35 to 450 bar and temperatures from 0.degree. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Mixtures of substances containing metal complex compounds, organoelemental ligands, and/or other components are separated according to the invention by chromatography on stationary supports in an aqueous or aqueous/organic medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for cleaning articles by removing surface particulate matter from the articles. In accordance with the present invention, the articles are immersed in a bath of liquid cryogen, chemically non-reactive with the articles to be cleaned. Prior to immersion it is necessary to insure that the articles have a sufficiently high temperature above that of the liquid cryogen and during immersion it is also necessary to insure that the articles are immersed at a sufficient rate to insure that the liquid cryogen undergoes film boiling before undergoing nucleate boiling at the surfaces of the articles. The articles are left immersed so that nucleate boiling of the liquid cryogen occurs at the surfaces of the articles. During the nucleate boiling, the surface particulate matter is carried from the articles and into the liquid cryogen bath. After the articles have reached thermal equilibrium with the liquid cryogen, the articles are removed from the bath.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spent hydroprocessing catalyst regeneration process wherein the catalyst is subjected to an initial partial decoking step, followed by the addition of at least one rare earth metal, and then subjected to a final decoking step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spent hydroprocessing catalyst regeneration process wherein the catalyst is subjected to an initial partial decoking step, followed by impregnation with a Group IIA metal-containing component, and then subjected to a final decoking step.

Abstract: Trialkyl arsines are removed from fluids, in particular gases, by contacting with a solid sorbent material containing at least one manganese oxide (preferably MnO.sub.2) and at least one Group IB metal oxide (preferably CuO). In a preferred feature, the used solid sorbent material is regenerated by oxidizing treatment, washing with an aqueous liquid, and drying.

Abstract: This invention comprises improvements to processes for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. One such improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides compositions comprising metals passivating agents having an increased degree of stability. These compositions comprise aqueous suspensions of antimony by vinyl copolymers, aqueous suspensions of antimony oxide by diesters of phosphoric acid, or aqueous suspensions of antimony oxide by cellulose derivatives. Another improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides a process for reducing the viscosity of liquid suspensions of metals passivating agents without substantially reducing the stability of the liquid suspension by the utilization of at least two different particle ranges of metals passivating agents. A further improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides an efficient utilization of metals passivating agents by introducing the selected agent into the catalyst regeneration cycle of a catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: Treatment of dicyanobutene to inactivate residual dimerization catalyst facilitates hydrogenation of the product to form adiponitrile.

Abstract: Low temperature desulphurization process using a bed of zinc oxide-containing absorbent in which the water content within the bed is temporarily increased, thereby increasing the sulphur absorption capacity of the absorbent.

Abstract: A process for recovering Group VIII metals from process streams derived from carbonylation processes is provided. The process comprises contacting the process stream with an extracting stream comprising acetic acid in water and thereafter recovering the extracting stream. The process stream is preferably one which contains tar and is produced by diluting a side stream from a carbonylation reactor with methyl iodide. During the process the Group VIII metal is extracted into the extracting stream from the process stream.

Abstract: A method of regenerating spent hydrophobic materials, and recovering material sorbed thereon whereby sorbed materials are removed by contacting same with a surfactant solution. The surfactant solution, is of sufficient concentration to form micelles which are aggregates of surfactant molecules with a hydrocarbon-like interior which solubilize a portion of the sorbed material. The resulting solution is removed from the hydrophobic material and the material contained therein separated from the solution. Any residual surfactant on the hydrophobic material may be flushed from the hydrophobic material, if necessary.

Abstract: This invention comprises improvements to processes for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. One such improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides compositions comprising metals passivating agents having an increased degree of stability. These compositions comprise aqueous suspensions of antimony by vinyl copolymers, aqueous suspensions of antimony oxide by diesters of phosphoric acid, or aqueous suspensions of antimony oxide by cellulose derivatives. Another improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides a process for reducing the viscosity of liquid suspensions of metals passivating agents without substantially reducing the stability of the liquid suspension by the utilization of at least two different particle ranges of metals passivating agents. A further improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides an efficient utilization of metals passivating agents by introducing the selected agent into the catalyst regeneration cycle of a catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: This invention comprises improvements to processes for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. One such improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides compositions comprising metals passivating agents having an increased degree of stability. These compositions comprise aqueous suspensions of antimony by vinyl copolymers, aqueous suspensions of antimony oxide by diesters of phosphoric acid, or aqueous suspensions of antimony oxide by cellulose derivatives. Another improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides a process for reducing the viscosity of liquid suspensions of metals passivating agents without substantially reducing the stability of the liquid suspension by the utilization of at least two different particle ranges of metals passivating agents. A further improvement to catalytic cracking processes provides an efficient utilization of metals passivating agents by introducing the selected agent into the catalyst regeneration cycle of a catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: Unclouded solutions of antimony hydrocarbylthiolate suitable for metals passivation are produced utilizing an amine. In one embodiment of the invention the amine is included with the antimony oxide and hydroxyhydrocarbylthiol reactants to produce the passivating agent. In another embodiment of the invention, the metals passivation additive is produced by combining antimony oxide with a hydroxyhydrocarbylthiol to produce a reaction mixture which is thereafter contacted with an amine. The resulting product is useful for the passivation of metals deposited on cracking catalysts.

Abstract: In order to clean gases containing noxious components by contacting the gases with a solid material layer adhering to carrier bodies, the solid material layer is applied to the carrier body by wetting with an impregnating solution and then drying the solution on the carrier bodies. After being used up by reaction with the gases to be cleaned, the solid material layer is removed from the carrier bodies, after which it can be replaced by wetting with impregnating solution and drying again. The carrier bodies are stationary and the impregnating solution is trickled over them. Once the carrier bodies are wetted, irrigation with the impregnation solution is interrupted and the solution is dried on the carrier bodies. When the gas reaction at the solid material layer thus formed weakens, the stationary carrier bodies are re-irrigated with impregnation solution and dried. After many repeated impregnations the solid material layer is washed away by flushing or flooding the carrier bodies with a wash solution.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen-enriched hydrocarbonaceous products which process comprises: (a) converting a heavy, asphaltene-containing hydrocarbonaceous residual oil, wherein at least 80% of the residual oil boils above 650.degree. F. (343.degree. C.), in the presence of hydrogen and a particulate catalyst at residual oil conversion conditions in a reaction zone to produce a liquid effluent stream comprising particulate catalyst and normally liquid hydrocarbonaceous compounds; (b) contacting at least a portion of the liquid effluent stream from step (a) with water and a hydrocarbonaceous solvent comprising at least one aromatic hydrocarbon; and (c) gravitationally separating the resulting admixture from step (b) into a solvent phase comprising the normally liquid hydrocarbonaceous compounds and essentially free of solids, and an aqueous phase comprising essentially all of the particulate catalyst.

Abstract: An active hydrotreating catalyst composition is prepared by a process comprising the steps of (a) grinding a spent hydrotreating catalyst containing carbonaceous deposits, (b) mixing the ground spent catalyst with an alumina-containing material (preferably alumina), (c) shaping (preferably extruding) the mixture of ground spent catalyst and alumina-containing material and (d) heating the shaped mixture so as to burn off carbonaceous deposits on the ground spent catalyst component. The thus-prepared active hydrotreating catalyst is used in a process for hydrotreating hydrocarbon containing feed streams (oils) which contain metal impurities.

Abstract: A method for removing residual precious metal catalyst from a plastic, metal-plated surface is disclosed. The method involves the oxidation of the precious metal without degrading the plated metal or the plastic, followed by washing away the oxidized precious metal. This invention further includes methods for the plating of metal directly on the surface of a plastic substrate.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating a hydrocarbonaceous charge stock containing nitrogen, sulfur or halogen-based impurities which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous charge stock in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrogenation reaction zone to simultaneously increase the hydrogen content of the hydrocarbonaceous charge stock and to generate at least one water-soluble inorganic compound produced from the reaction of said nitrogen, sulfur or halogen-based impurities in said hydrocarbonaceous charge stock and the hydrogen; (b) contacting the reaction zone effluent containing hydrogenated hydrocarbonaceous compounds and at least one said water-soluble inorganic compound with a fresh aqueous scrubbing solution; (c) introducing a resulting admixture of the reaction zone effluent and the aqueous scrubbing solution into a separation zone to provide a hydrogenated hydrocarbonaceous stream and a spent aqueous scrubbing solution stream containing at least a portion

Abstract: A process for treating a catalyst useful to promote the conversion of a substantially hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least one first metal at least a portion of which is deposited on the catalyst forming a first metal-containing catalyst, which process comprises:contacting the catalyst with at least one component of at least one second metal selected from the group consisting of antimony, tin, gallium, indium, zinc, tellurium and mixtures thereof to increase the second metal content of the catalyst, anddemetallizing the first metal-containing catalyst to provide a demetallized catalyst having a reduced first metal content.

Abstract: A novel leaching process for separating extractable material from a particulate solid material that comprises extractable and non-extractable portions includes the steps of introducing the particulate solid material and a liquid solvent to an extraction zone; agitating the liquid solvent to a degree sufficient to suspend the particulate solid material and effect segregation of particles thereof in relation to their propensity to settle; maintaining contact between the liquid solvent and the particulate solid material for a time sufficient to leach extractable material therefrom; and selectively withdrawing particles of the solid material from the extraction zone. In a preferred embodiment, the leaching process is a multi-stage process in which the selectively withdrawn particles from each stage are introduced to the next successive stage of the series.

Abstract: This invention provides a nozzle for discharging a relatively small amount of a metals passivating agent into a catalytic cracking unit at a relatively high velocity through a relatively large diameter opening.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovery of cobalt and manganese, and other metals, in the form of their acetate salts, directly from mixed metal oxides present in oxidation residue incinerator ash comprising fly ash and clinkers from incineration of a residue from manufacture of benzene di- and tricarboxylic acids by catalytic means. These acetate salts are recycled directly for manufacture of benzene di- and tricarboxylic acids after recovery.

Abstract: A novel cracking catalyst, a method of preparing same and an improved hydrocarbon cracking process are provided wherein adverse effects of metals such as nickel, vanadium, iron, copper and cobalt in the cracking catalyst are precluded or mitigated by contacting the cracking catalyst with an antimony treating agent comprising at least one of elemental antimony and compounds thereof and a lithium treating agent comprising at least one of elemental lithium and compounds thereof whereby there is added to said catalyst a modifying amount of each antimony treating agent and lithium treating agent with the weight ratio of antimony to lithium being such as to provide passivation of contaminating metals greater than the sum of the passivation effect of each of antimony treating agent and lithium treating agent individually.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbonaceous charge stock having hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting said hydrocarbonaceous charge stock in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrotreating reaction zone; (b) contacting said hydrotreating reaction zone effluent with an aqueous scrubbing solution; (c) introducing a resulting admixture of said reaction zone effluent and said aqueous scrubbing solution into a separation zone to provide a hydrotreated hydrocarbonaceous stream having trace quantities of hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds and a spent aqueous stream; and (d) contacting said hydrotreated hydrocarbonaceous stream with an adsorbent to remove at least a portion of said trace quantities of hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds from said hydrotreated hydrocarbonaceous stream.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for sulfurizing a catalyst, particularly a refining catalyst comprising a carrier and active metal oxides.In a first step, a sulfur compound mainly consisting of organic polysulfide is introduced into the catalyst mass. A second step consists of first sulfurizing, in the absence of hydrogen, the active metal oxides at a temperature lower than 275.degree. C. and then activating the catalyst at a temperature higher than 275.degree. C.The present invention concerns a process for presulfurizing a hydrocarbon treatment catalyst and/or preconditioning a catalyst in view of subsequent presulfurization.

Abstract: The process has as an object the regeneration catalysts containing at least one contaminating metal of the vanadium, nickel and iron group. The operation is conducted as follows:(a) The catalyst (1) is roasted in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas so as to remove at least 90% of the sulfur;(b) The catalyst obtained in step (a) is contacted with a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution containing at least one organic compound including a polar functional group, so as to remove at least 10% of the deposited metals of the vanadium, nickel and iron group; and(c) The regenerated catalyst (11) is separated from the aqueous solution of metal ions (5). The latter can be regenerated by passage over a complexing resin (6).The process is applicable to the regerneration of used catalysts, particularly to hydrotreatment catalysts in the oil industry.

Abstract: An improved catalyst demetallization process involves chlorinating the metal contaminated catalyst at elevated temperatures and contacting the chlorinated catalyst with a liquid aqueous composition to produce a demetallized catalyst. Improved catalytic activity is obtained utilizing a catalyst comprising at least one crystalline material capable of promoting the hydrocarbon conversion, and cooling the chlorinated catalyst prior to contact with the liquid aqueous composition. An improved hydrocarbon conversion process is also disclosed.

Abstract: Metals of Group 8 are recovered from an organic medium by liquid-liquid extraction into an aqueous phase in the presence of a water-soluble cyclic phosphite, forming an aqueous extract phase containing the metals in complex combination with the cyclic phosphite.

Abstract: Heat-damaged ZSM-5 type catalysts are reclaimed by hydrothermal treatment with an aqueous medium followed by base exchange with an ammonium salt.

Abstract: A method for reactivating noble metal-containing zeolites containing sulfur oxide poisoned noble metal such as oxygen regenerated platinum zeolite beta catalysts, by contacting the catalyst with an acidic aqueous solution having a pH below about 7. The solution contains a Bronsted acid compound having a dissociation constant ranging from about 1.times.10.sup.-14 to about 2.times.10.sup.-1.

Abstract: A method for recovering a denitrating catalyst for ammonia catalytic reduction which is characterized by treating the denitrating catalyst for ammonia catalytic reduction, in which a performance has deteriorated, with at least one selected from the group consisting of SO.sub.4.sup.2- compounds, sulfur compounds and sulfonic acid compounds in order to replenish the catalyst with a sulfur content.

Abstract: A process for removing nitrogen chemically bound to a zeolite component of a catalytic composition, used in hydroprocessing feedstocks containing nitrogen precursors, including contacting the hydrogen treated used catalyst composition with polar solvents, preferably in the gaseous state, at pressures practically no greater than 100 Torr.

Abstract: A fluoride-containing platinum on alumina support isomerization catalyst useful for the isomerization of pentane to isopentane can be prepared by a several step treatment of substantially deactivated chloride-containing platinum on alumina support isomerization catalyst. The conversion steps include washing the chloride-containing catalyst to remove substantially all chloride ions, fluorinating the washed material with an aqueous florinating agent, then drying the fluorinated catalyst. Isomerization process employing the catalyst thus prepared is also provided.

Abstract: An epoxide is isomerized in the liquid phase in the presence of a solid alumina catalyst and preferably an inert gaseous diluent, the isomerization conducted in the downflow mode.

Abstract: A method for promoting the activity and/or extending the life of a cation-exchangeable layered clay catalyst in reactions susceptible to catalysis by protons which method comprises the addition to the catalyst of water as the sole additive. The quantity of water employed is suitably up to 40%, preferably up to 10% based on weight of reactants. The layered clay catalyst can be for example montmorillonite, bentonite or vermiculite. Suitable proton catalyzed reactions include formation of esters, (e.g. by reaction of olefin and carboxylic acid), ethers, aldehydes, thioethers and alkylation and cracking reactions.

Abstract: Reaction mixtures which are obtained on hydroformylation or carbonylation of olefinically unsaturated compounds and which contain dissolved non-volatile complex compounds of metals of group VIII of the periodic table are worked up by a method wherein the products, after distillative removal of low-boiling constituents alone, or of these constituents plus a part of the high-boiling residue, or a part of the high-boiling residue after distillative removal of the desired products, are or is extracted with carbon dioxide, a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -paraffin, a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -olefin or a normally gaseous halohydrocarbon at above the critical temperature and above the critical pressure of these (extractant) compounds.

Abstract: In this process for recovering noble metals of group VIII from a contaminated catalyst solution originating from the carbonylation of methyl acetate and/or dimethylether (the catalyst solution containing carbonyl complexes of these noble metals, organic or inorganic promoters, undistillable organic contaminants as well as volatiles) the volatiles are distillatively removed from the catalyst solution and the remaining distillation residue is water-treated, whereby the noble metal/carbonyl-complex is precipitated together with the organic contaminants and is separated from the aqueous phase, while the promotor is dissolved and recovered in conventional manner. The noble metals are then set free in elemental form by subjecting the noble metal/carbonyl-complex separated and contaminated with organic polymers at temperatures of 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. to treatment with an ethyleneglycoldialkylether solvent of the formula R(--OCH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of cobalt and manganese from solid aromatic acid oxidation incinerator ash, pyrolysis sand and pyrolysis char is disclosed. The process comprises heating the solid residue at a temperature of about 120.degree. to about 300.degree. C. and a pressure of about 3 atmospheres to about 30 atmospheres. The recovered catalyst is useful for the oxidation of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons to their corresponding di- or tricarboxylic acids which are used for the manufacture of fibers, films and molded products.

Abstract: Catalysts for the treatment of hydrocarbons are presulfurized or presulfided ex-situ, in the absence of hydrogen, by means of a polysulfide of the general formula R--S.sub.(n) --R' wherein n is an interger from 3 to 20 and R and R' are each an organic radical having from 1 to 150 carbon atoms, R' being optionally a hydrogen atom, the so-presulfurized or presulfided catalysts being subsequently activated with hydrogen during their use in the hydrotreatment process of a hydrocarbon charge, i.e. in-situ. An aldehyde or an alcohol or a ketone, an ether or an organic acid, may be added, as promoter, to the polysulfide.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the compressive regeneration of flexible, porous materials used as filter particles, oil-separating particles or carrier particles in a reactor. These materials are loaded in a reactor with a liquid containing substances to be removed. The liquid is, for example, water, and the substances are, for example, deposited solids, oil droplets or bacteria. After the flexible, porous materials become loaded with the substances, they are conducted to a press chamber equipped with a press means. The transporting, squeezing out, and separation of the water and substances from the flexible porous materials, as well as the recycling of the regenerated material into the reactor are achieved by either a one-time, or a repetitive to and fro movement, of the press means. This regeneration is accomplished with a single device which operates simultaneously as both a regenerating press and as a conveying installation.

Abstract: In a process of recovering and cleaning catalysts in the continuous production of fat alcohols by a catalytic hydrogenation of fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives at temperatures of 240.degree. to 330.degree. C. and pressures of 200 to 700 bar in the presence of copper-chromium oxide catalysts, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of material which has been already reacted, the resulting dispersion is circulated through the filter which is due for cleaning until the contents of the stirring vessel is free of solids and the filter cake is substantially free of product, the liquid from which solids have been removed is separated into cleaning liquor and recovered product by a simple sedimentation in a liquid-liquid separator or by a distillation, the recovered product is fed to the main product, the catalyst which is moistened with the cleaning liquor and substantially free of product is withdrawn and, if required, is dryed.

Abstract: In a coal gasification operation (32) or similar conversion process carried out in the presence of an alkali metal-containing catalyst wherein particles containing alkali metal residues are produced, alkali metal constituents are recovered from the particles by contacting them (46, 53, 61, 69) with water or an aqueous solution to remove water-soluble alkali metal constituents and produce an aqueous solution enriched in said constituents. The aqueous solution thus produced is then contacted with carbon dioxide (63) to precipitate silicon constituents, the pH of the resultant solution is increased (81), preferably to a value in the range between about 12.5 and about 15.0, and the solution of increased pH is evaporated (84) to increase the alkali metal concentration. The concentrated aqueous solution is then recycled to the conversion process (86, 18, 17) where the alkali metal constituents serve as at least a portion of the alkali metal constituents which comprise the alkali metal-containing catalyst.

Abstract: A process for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to lighter products. The carbo-metallic oils contain 650.degree. F. plus material which is characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and a Nickel Equivalents of heavy metals content of at least about 4 parts per million. This process comprises flowing the carbo-metallic oil together with particulate cracking catalyst through a progressive flow type reactor having an elongated reaction chamber, which is at least in part vertical or inclined, for a predetermined vapor riser residence time in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds, at a temperature of about 900.degree. to about 1400.degree. F., and under a pressure of about 10 to about 50 pounds per square inch absolute sufficient for causing a conversion per pass in the range of about 50% to about 90% while producing coke in amounts in the range of about 6 to about 14% by weight based on fresh feed, and laying down coke on the catalyst in amounts in the range of about 0.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon is catalytically cracked employing a cracking catalyst contacted with a treating agent selected from germanium and germanium compounds.

Abstract: A process to reactivate a noble metal-containing AMS-1B crystalline borosilicate catalyst comprising contacting such catalyst with water.

Abstract: The conversion and/or selectivity of a zinc titanate catalyst, the conversion and/or selectivity of which has been reduced by use of the zinc titanate catalyst in a process in which the zinc titanate catalyst is exposed to reducing conditions such as those found in a dehydrogenation process, is improved by contacting the zinc titanate catalyst with a solution of zinc and then calcining the treated zinc titanate in the presence of free oxygen. This treatment improves the conversion and/or selectivity of the used zinc titanate catalyst.

Abstract: Wacker-type oxidation catalysts can be recovered and rejuvenated for further use by separating catalyst solids from the reaction mixture and, optionally, adjusting pH.

Abstract: Metal constituents are recovered from the heavy bottoms produced during the liquefaction of coal and similar carbonaceous solids in the presence of a catalyst containing a metal capable of forming an acidic oxide by burning the heavy bottoms in a combustion zone at a temperature below the fusion temperature of the ash to convert insoluble metal-containing catalyst residues in the bottoms into soluble metal-containing oxides; contacting the oxidized solids formed in the combustion zone with an aqueous solution of a basic alkali metal salt to extract the soluble metal-containing oxides in the form of soluble alkali metal salts of the metal-containing oxides and recycling the soluble alkali metal salts to the liquefaction zone. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bottoms are subjected to partial oxidation, pyrolysis, coking, gasification, extraction or a similar treatment process to recover hydrocarbon liquids and/or gases prior to the burning or combustion step.