Abstract: Polymeric composite materials, particularly highly filled polyurethane composite materials are described herein. Such highly filled polyurethane composite materials may be formed by reaction and extrusion of one or more polyols, one or more di- or poly-isocyanates, and from about 45 to about 85 weight percent of inorganic filler such as fly ash. Certain polyols, including plant-based polyols can be used. Certain composite materials also contain chain extenders and/or crosslinkers. The polyurethane composite material may also contain fibers such as chopped or axial fibers which further provide good mechanical properties to the composite material. Shaped articles containing the polyurethane composite material have been found to have good mechanical properties, such that the shaped articles are suitable for building applications.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams are prepared by reacting a polyisocyanate with a high equivalent weight polyol. At least a portion of the high equivalent weight polyol is a polyester containing hydroxymethyl groups. The polyester is prepared in a multi-step process from animal or vegetable fats, by recovering the constitutent fatty acids, hydroformylating carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acids and reducing to form hydroxymethyl groups, and then forming a polyester by reaction with an initiator compound.

Abstract: Polyester polyols are produced by reacting terephthalic acid with a glycol corresponding to the formula H—(OCH2CH2)n—OH and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to fire-resistant, flexible, molded, medium density polyurethane foams. These foams typically have a density of from 10 to 30 pcf. The foams are the reaction product of a) at least one polyester polyol, b) at least one highly branched polyether polyol, c) at least one chain extender, d) a polymethylene poly(phenyl isocyanate), an isocyanate group containing prepolymer based on a polymethylene poly(phenyl isocyanate), or mixtures thereof, e) a solid flame retardant and f) water. This invention also relates to a process for preparing these polyurethane foams in open molds.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam is obtained by making a material containing polyols, a cross-linking agent and a polyisocyanate compound react in the presence of a catalyst, a blowing agent and an auxiliary blowing agent. At this time, the isocyanate index of the polyisocyanate compound is set to 110 to 120. Preferably, a polyol of which the hydroxyl value is 250 mg KOH/g to 650 mg KOH/g and of which the molecular weight is 150 to 500 is used as the cross-linking agent, and concretely, polyethylene glycol can be used. A liquefied carbon dioxide is used as the auxiliary blowing agent with an amount mixed in of 1.5 mass parts to 6.0 mass parts relative to 100 mass parts of the polyols. The load required for compressing to 25% of the initial thickness is 30 N to 70 N, and thus, the flexible polyurethane foam has a low hardness.

Abstract: Rigid closed-cell polyurethane foams with low k-factors are produced by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with an amine-based polyether polyol and a polyester polyol in the presence of a catalyst and a hydrofluorocarbon blowing agent, preferably, HFC-245fa. It is preferred that no water be added to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Fire-resistant, medium density molded polyurethane foams which may be removed from a mold in substantially shorter times than previously possible are produced by the process of the present invention. These reduced de-mold times are achieved by including a solid flame retardant composition in the polyurethane foam forming composition. This solid flame retardant composition includes a melamine coated ammonium polyphosphate and zinc borate.

Abstract: A method for producing a vegetable oil-derived polyol having increased hydroxyl functionality by reacting a vegetable oil with an oxidizing agent in the presence of an organometallic catalyst is provided. The resulting higher functionality polyols derived from vegetable oil produced by the process are also provided. Also provided is a method for decreasing the acid value of a vegetable oil-derived polyol by reacting the vegetable oil-derived polyol with an epoxide component in the presence of a Lewis base catalyst. Urethane products produced using higher functional vegetable oil-derived polyols and/or lower acid vegetable oil-derived polyols are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for adsorbing and/or absorbing oil, by bringing oil into contact with a polyurethane sponge with excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract: A microcellular polyurethane obtainable by reacting a polyisocyanate, a polyester formed from a dimer fatty acid and/or dimer fatty diol, and a chain extender. The foam is particularly suitable for use as a component of shoe soles.

Abstract: Process for producing porous polyisocyanate polyaddition products by reacting (a) isocyanates with (b) compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates in the presence of (f) solvent, wherein compounds having a functionality toward isocyanates of at least 6 and a molecular weight of at least 1000 g/mol are used as (b) compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of foamed thermoplastic polyurethanes characterised in that the foaming of the thermoplastic polyurethane is carried out in the presence of thermally expandable microspheres.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polyurethane sealing compounds for the production of light-fast compact or foamed polyurethane bodies or polyurethane urea bodies which have excellent mechanical and optical properties and especially a very high thermostability.

Abstract: A star-branched polyester polyol is obtained by polymerizing lactide or lactic acid, using, as an initiator, a fat and oil composed mainly of a triacylglycerol that has at least three hydroxyl groups or epoxy groups in its molecule. This polyester polyol has low crystallinity and a low melting point, and thus shows good working properties when used in various applications. Furthermore, this polyester polyol is derived from renewable resources, and, thus, it is highly desirable in view of its effectiveness in protecting the global environment and preventing fossil resources from being depleted.

Abstract: A polyurethane foam composition includes a polyol, a polyisocyanate, a catalyst, a foam stabilizer, a blowing agent and a fluorinated carbonate wherein the fluorinated carbonate is a compound represented by Formula 1: a compound represented by Formula 2: or a mixture thereof. Also disclosed is a polyurethane foam derived from the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyether polyols, in which at least one hydroxyl-comprising fatty acid ester and/or at least one hydroxyl-modified fatty acid ester is reacted with the aid of a double metal cyanide catalyst in at least two process sections with in each case a mixture of ethylene oxide and at least one further alkylene oxide different from ethylene oxide.

Abstract: An all-liquid foam-forming system contains: a first part (A) containing at least one liquid isocyanate or polyisocyanate; and a second part (B) containing: at least one liquid aromatic polyester polyol having an hydroxyl value of at least 110 mg KOH/gram and an average hydroxyl functionality of at least 2, at least two liquid halogenated flame retardants and water; the foam-forming system having an NCO/OH ratio of from about 0.9:1 to about 1.3:1; wherein the first and second parts are such that reaction therebetween forms a rigid polyurethane foam having a density of at least about 5 pcf and an ASTM E-84 Class 1 rating. Resultant polyurethane foams can be used to make articles, particularly for use in commercial decorative molding applications.

Abstract: A low-molecular-weight polyester resin which can elasticize a resin suitably and can be used for various purposes, various resins obtained by using the resin, and the purposes thereof. The polyester resin is obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition containing 10 to 90 weight % of a linear dicarboxylic acid and/or diol having at least 8 carbon atoms (I), 5 to 80 weight % of a branched dicarboxylic acid and/or diol having at least 4 carbon atoms (II-1) and/or 2 to 40 weight % of at least one polyfunctional monomer (II-2) selected from the group consisting of polyols, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids having 3 or more functional groups respectively and which has the number average molecular weight of 500 to 5000 and is amorphous.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polyethers containing urethane or urea groups as foam stabilizers, obtained by reacting at least one isocyanate with (a) at least one hydrophilic polyether which statistically carries at least one OH and/or NH2 and/or NH function and (b) at least one hydrophobic polyether which statistically carries at least one OH and/or NH2 and/or NH function and optionally (c) further compounds which carry at least one OH and/or NH2 and/or NH function and/or other isocyanate-reactive groups, such as carboxyl or epoxide functions, with the proviso that at least one isocyanate is ?difunctional.

Abstract: Polyester polyols are produced from at least one carboxylic acid hydride and diethylene glycol by a process in which the formation of 1,4-dioxane is suppressed. These polyester polyols are useful for producing polyurethane (PUR) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams and metal composite elements containing these PUR or PIR foams.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure encompasses polymerization systems for the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides comprising 1) a catalyst including a metal coordination compound having a permanent ligand set and at least one ligand that is a polymerization initiator, and 2) a chain transfer agent having two or more sites that can initiate polymerization. In a second aspect, the present disclosure encompasses methods for the synthesis of polycarbonate polyols using the inventive polymerization systems. In a third aspect, the present disclosure encompasses polycarbonate polyol compositions characterized in that the polymer chains have a high percentage of —OH end groups and a high percentage of carbonate linkages. The compositions are further characterized in that they contain polymer chains having an embedded polyfunctional moiety linked to a plurality of individual polycarbonate chains.

Abstract: Process for making rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foams at an isocyanate index of between 110 and 120 comprising the step of reacting an organic polyisocyanate composition with an isocyanate-reactive composition in the presence of a hydrocarbon as blowing agent wherein the isocyanate-reactive composition contains between 3 and 30 wt % of polyester polyols and between 20 and 50 wt % of polyether polyols derived from aromatic amines, the amounts being calculated on the basis of total isocyanate-reactive compound.

Abstract: Polyester polyol comprising the esterification product of a) from 10 to 70 mol % of a dicarboxylic acid composition comprising a1) from 50 to 100 mol % of a material based on terephthalic acid, selected from among terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate, polyalkylene terephthalate and mixtures thereof, a2) from 0 to 50 mol % of phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride or isophthalic acid, a3) from 0 to 50 mol % of one or more dicarboxylic acids, b) from 2 to 30 mol % of one or more fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives and/or benzoic acid, c) from 10 to 70 mol % of one or more aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diols having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms or alkoxylates thereof, d) from 2 to 50 mol % of a higher-functional polyol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, alkoxylated glycerol, trimethylolpropane, alkoxylated trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and alkoxylated pentaerythritol, wherein at least 200 mmol, preferably at least 500 mmol and particularly preferably at least 800 mmol, of polyols d) havin

Abstract: The present invention relates to composite elements containing, as a layer, at least one thermoplastic polymer, adhering to which, as a layer, a polyisocyanate polyaddition product is attached, and a process for the production thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyester polyol, preferably a plant-derived polyester polyol, suitable for a composition for polyurethane foam that contributes to the reduction of load on the environment and has a good balance of high resilience, moderate hardness, and high durability as a cushioning material for vehicle seat cushions. A polyester polyol having a hydroxyl value in the range of 15 to 100 mgKOH/g according to the present invention is produced by a condensation of raw materials comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of fatty acids having a hydroxy group and fatty acid esters having a hydroxy group with a polyhydric alcohol having an average number of functional groups of more than three but not more than eight. The raw materials contain 90% to 100% by mass of a fatty acid having a hydroxy group and a fatty acid ester having a hydroxy group in total.

Abstract: Polyols useful in the manufacture of polyurethanes are disclosed. The polyols are prepared by reacting a vegetable oil based (hydroxymethyl containing) monomer with a polyol, polyamine or aminoalcohol under vacuum.

Abstract: The invention provides a polyurethane foam manufactured from a polyisocyanate and a polycarbonate polyol. Moreover, the invention provides a method of manufacturing the polyurethane foam manufactured from a polyisocyanate and a polycarbonate polyol, comprising mixing the polyisocyanate and polycarbonate polyol together and foaming same.

Abstract: The invention presents a new method to prepare biomedical polyurethanes with high tensile and tear strengths. Such polyurethanes are especially interesting for making foams thereof, e.g. as meniscus implants. A new method, applicable to the biomedical polyurethanes, has been found to make such foams, that can be used as scaffolds. This method is based on salt leaching and phase separation.

Abstract: Composite materials and methods for their preparation are described herein. The composite materials include a polyurethane made from the reaction of an isocyanate and a mixture of polyols, and coal ash (e.g., fly ash). The mixture of polyols comprises at least two polyols including a high hydroxyl number polyol having a hydroxyl number greater than 250 and comprising from about 1% to about 25% by weight of the total polyol content used to form the polyurethane, and a low hydroxyl number polyol having a hydroxyl number of 250 or lower. The coal ash is present in amounts from about 40% to about 90% by weight of the composite material. Also described is a method of preparing a composite material, including mixing an isocyanate, a mixture of at least two polyols, coal ash (e.g., fly ash), and a catalyst.

Abstract: A natural oil based polyol blend is provided. The blend includes a first natural oil based polyol comprising is the reaction product of a first monomer and a first initiator, and where the first monomer is derived from at least one first fatty acid methyl ester. The blend also includes a second natural oil based polyol comprising the reaction product of a second monomer and a second initiator. The second monomer is derived from at least one second fatty acid methyl ester, and at least one of the second monomer and the second initiator is different from the first monomer and the first initiator, respectively. The natural oil based polyol blend may be reacted with an isocyanate to form a foam.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyurethane foam, which, despite having a low specific gravity, has a hardness and an elasticity favorable for a polishing pad, and a polishing pad made using the polyurethane foam. The polyurethane foam is obtained by reacting a blend composition containing (A) polyisocyanate, (B) a polyol, (C) a chain extender with a molecular weight of equal to or smaller than 400, and (D) water, and in the blend composition, MDI is blended as a main component of the component (A) and a blending amount of the MDI is 45 to 70 parts by weight when a total weight of the respective components (A), (B), and (C) is taken as 100 parts by weight.

Abstract: A process for producing polyurethane foam filter material with adsorption capabilities, containing a solid adsorbent, that comprises a one shot process of reacting a polyurethane foam-forming formulation, comprising isocyanates and polyesters or polyethers, catalysts, silicone oils and water, characterized in that particles of the adsorbent material are included directly in the foam-forming formulation, without any surface pretreatment, after cleansing by heating. The resulting filter material can be sliced in plates of various thicknesses according to the intended particular use, and this use can be in air filtering systems, for purification of air or water, ion-exchange, deodorization, drying, prevention of public hazards, or the separation and purification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reactive preparations, comprising isocyanate-functional polyurethane building blocks, to a method for the production thereof, and to the use thereof as or in adhesives having high initial strength and high mechanical strength.

Abstract: A bioresin composition is used to form a rigid polyurethane article that includes a first and a second biopolyol and is substantially free of aprotic solvents that chemically decompose in the presence of water. The first biopolyol includes a natural oil component. The second biopolyol includes the reaction product of a natural carbohydrate and an alkylene oxide. The rigid polyurethane foam article includes the reaction product of the bioresin composition and an isocyanate which are reacted in the presence of a chemical blowing agent.

Abstract: Methods of subterranean cementing involving cement compositions comprising particulate foamed elastomers and associated methods are provided. In one embodiment, the methods comprise introducing a cement composition into a subterranean location, wherein the cement composition comprises a hydraulic cement, a particulate foamed elastomer, and an aqueous fluid; and allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean location. In one embodiment, the particulate foamed elastomer may comprise polyurethane foam.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a recycled polycarbonate raw material for a flame retardant resin composition from discarded and/or recovered optical discs using a polycarbonate resin as a substrate material, and includes (a) a step to identify if 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane as a divalent phenol of the polycarbonate resin raw material is polymerized as the sole raw material in the polycarbonate resin as the substrate material of the discarded and/or recovered optical discs and (b) a step to remove impurities by a chemical treatment by separating only the discarded and/or recovered optical discs, wherein the polycarbonate resin is identified as polymerized by using 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane as the sole raw material.

Abstract: There are provided aromatic polyester polyol compositions comprising: (i) at least one aromatic acid component; (ii) at least one hydroxylated component; (iii) at least one functionalized natural oil component; and (iv) optionally at least one catalyst component for use in preparing foams. The aromatic polyester polyol compositions can be formed by esterification and/or transesterification. The present technology also provides a polyol blend for use in preparing foams wherein the polyol blend comprises (a) an aromatic polyester polyol formed by an interesterification reaction between (i) a phthalic acid based material; (ii) a hydroxylated material; and (iii) a hydrophobic material, wherein the hydrophobic material is present in an amount of from about 1% to about 50% by weight of the aromatic polyester polyol; and (b) a natural oil based polyol, wherein the hydrophobic material in the aromatic polyester polyol compatibilizes the natural oil based polyol to form a phase stable polyol blend.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing water-blown rigid polyurethane foams having at least an 80% closed-cell content which involves reacting a) at least one polyol mixture which is composed of (i) at least one polymer polyol; (ii) at least one polyol having a hydroxyl value within the range of from about 200 to about 800; and (iii) optionally, at least one polyol having a hydroxyl value within the range of from about 25 to about 115; with b) at least one polymeric isocyanate and/or a prepolymer thereof; in the presence of c) optionally, at least one catalyst; d) water; and e) optionally, at least one additive or auxiliary agent. The present invention is also directed to the closed-cell water blown rigid polyurethane foams produced by the process of the present invention. The invention is further directed to a polyurethane-foam forming mixture which is used to produce the water-blown rigid polyurethane foams of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention is directed to polyurethane foams which are flotation resistant with sufficient strength and density to provide stability and inhibit erosion at pipeline trench sites, and other uses, wherein at least 50% of the foam is open cell and has a density of approximately 1.3 lbs/ft3 to 3.5 lbs/ft3.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a vibration damping and sound absorbing material containing a plant-derived polyol which material largely contributes a decrease of environmental load and has excellent vibration damping and sound absorbing properties, and it is another object of the invention to provide a production process of the material. Specifically, disclosed is a vibration damping and sound absorbing material which is suitably used for cars. A vibration damping and sound absorbing material comprises a polyurethane foam which comprises, as raw materials, a polyol and/or a polymer-dispersed polyol in which polymer fine particles obtainable by polymerizing an unsaturated bond-containing compound are dispersed in a polyol, and water, a catalyst and a polyisocyanate, wherein the polyol comprises (A) a plant-derived polyol produced using a raw material obtainable by a plant.

Abstract: A microcellular polyurethane obtainable by reacting a polyisocyanate, a polyester formed from a dimer fatty acid and/or dimer fatty diol, and a chain extender. The foam is particularly suitable for use as a component of shoe soles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyether ester polyols starting from fatty acid esters and starter compounds having Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms, and to their use in the production of solid or foamed polyurethane materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyurethane foams comprising oligomeric polyols. In embodiments of the invention, the polyurethane foams comprise the reaction product of: (a) a polyisocyanate; and (b) an active-hydrogen containing composition comprising an oligomeric polyol having a hydroxyl number of about 45 to about 65 mg KOH/g, a number average hydroxyl functionality (Fn) of less than about 2.7, and about 40% weight or greater oligomers. The polyurethane foams of the invention may be slabstock foams or molded foams. Also disclosed are low odor polyols and polyurethane compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fire-resistant, medium density polyurethane foam. The foam is made up of a) 50 to 90 parts by weight of water blown polyurethane and b) 10 to 50 parts by weight of a solid flame retardant that contains ammonium polyphosphate and zinc borate, and in which the resultant foam contains at least 5% by weight of zinc borate. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of these fire-resistant, medium density polyurethane foams.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of water-blown, finely cellular rigid foams containing urethane groups and/or isocyanurate groups by the reaction of polyisocyanates with a polyol component in the form of an emulsion. The invention also relates to open-cell polyurethane foams which are foamable in the mould.

Abstract: Microcellular polyurethane flexible foams having densities no greater than 0.3 g/cc which are suitable for use as lightweight shoe sole components are produced with carbon dioxide in an amount such that the polyurethane-forming mixture has a free rise density of from about 0.03 to about 0.3 g/cc. At least a portion of that carbon dioxide is dissolved as a gas into one or both of the reaction components. The amount of dissolved carbon dioxide must be such that the froth density of the isocyanate and/or isocyanate-reactive component(s) in which the carbon dioxide is dissolved will be from about 0.1 to about 0.8 g/cc. Additional carbon dioxide may be formed by the reaction of water and isocyanate during the polyurethane-forming reaction but the total amount of CO2 present should be controlled to ensure that the polyurethane-forming mixture has a free rise density of from about 0.03 to 0.3 g/cc.

Abstract: An aldehyde composition containing a mixture of mono-formyl-, diformyl-, and triformyl-substituted fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters having a di-aldehyde/tri-aldehyde weight ratio of less than 5/1 and an average functionality number from greater than 0.96 to less than 1.26. A monomer alcohol composition containing a mixture of mono-hydroxymethyl-, dihydroxymethyl-, and trihydroxymethyl-substituted fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters having a diol/triol weight ratio of less than 5/1 and an average functionality number from greater than 0.90 to less than 1.20. The monomer alcohol can be converted into an oligomeric polyol for use in the manufacture of polyurethane flexible foams.

Abstract: A composition for making a polyurethane foam includes a non-fugitive tertiary amine urethane catalyst and an aromatic diacid ester diol or substituted carbamate thereof. Foams prepared from the reaction of a polyol and an organic isocyanate in the presence of these ingredients show excellent resistance to deterioration of physical properties upon humid ageing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a highly elastic flexible polyurethane foam obtainable by mixing a) polyisocyanate with b) at least one relatively high molecular weight compound having at least two reactive hydrogen atoms, c) hyperbranched polyester c1) of the AxBy type, where x is at least 1.1 and y is at least 2.1, and/or hyperbranched poly-carbonate c2), d) if appropriate, low molecular weight chain extender and/or crosslinker, e) catalyst, f) blowing agent and g) if appropriate other additives. The present invention further relates to a process for producing such a flexible polyurethane foam and the use of the flexible polyurethane foam of the invention for producing furniture, mattresses, orthopedic products, car seats and other upholstery in the automobile sector.

Abstract: A polyurethane elastic memory material that emits nano-negative ion far infrared rays and a method for preparing the same is disclosed. A nano-negative ion far infrared ray emitting additive that belongs to the Lianfuya Established Series is added to polyester and/or polyether polyol to create a polyurethane elastic memory foam material that emits negative ions at a rate of 3,000 negative ions/cm3 or more. The negative ions and far infrared rays provide for a positive effect in the treatment of many ailments.