Abstract: A new membrane for the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from mixtures of said aromatic hydrocarbons and non-aromatic hydrocarbons has been prepared comprising a highly aromatic polyurethane membrane. These highly aromatic polyurea/urethane membranes are symmetric, dense film membranes made from the corresponding polyurea/urethane copolymers by standard membrane casting techniques. The polyurea/urethane copolymers are produced by reacting dihydroxy or polyhydroxy compounds, such as polyethers or polyesters having molecular weights in the range of about 500 to 5000 with aliphatic, alkylaromatic or aromatic diisocyanates or polyisocyanates and low molecular weight chain extenders, such as diamines, polyamines or amino alcohols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integral skin rigid polyurethane foam having improved compressive strength and flexural strength. This foam is prepared by reacting a polyol resin component with an aromatic isocyanate using water as an auxiliary blowing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a urethane polymer composition which contains:an .alpha., .omega.-diol oligomeran isocyanate,a chain extender diol, andan emulsifying agent which is the product of reaction between:(a) an .alpha., .omega.-diol oligomer whose structure is identical or close in polarity to that of the above .alpha., .omega.-diol oligomer,(b) a diisocyanate, and optionally(c) a chain extender of the diol or monoalcohol type, such as a monofunctional polyethylene oxide.It also relates to a process for the preparation of articles from this composition and to the molded articles thus obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of producing particulate polymers. This production method is characterized in that a mixture of an isocyanate compound containing two or more isocyanato groups per molecule and a surfactant containing two or more hydroxyl groups per molecule is emulsified and allowed to cure in a dispersing medium which does not dissolve the isocyanate compound without use of a protective colloid. According to the production method of the invention, there occurs no aggregation of polymer particles during and after the curing reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed are rigid cellular polyurethanes prepared by bringing together under foam forming conditions an aromatic polyisocyanate and a polyhydric combination comprising a major proportion of a crude polyester polyol and minor proportion of a cross-linking polyol. This selection of particular ingredients gives rise to foams having extremely low initial insulation K factor values.

Abstract: Polyol blend compositions are provided containing a polyester polyol, especially an aromatic polyester polyol, a compatibilizing block copolymer of ethylene oxide and at least one other alkylene oxide having three or more carbon atoms in the molecule, the block copolymer being terminated by ethylene oxide blocks, and optionally other polyols. The blends are miscible with halohydrocarbon blowing agents such as trichlorofluoromethane and suitable for reaction with polyisocyanates to give polyisocyanurate and polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Improved, flexible, open-celled polyurethane foams of reduced firmness, but with densities comparable to those of standard foams, are described. The foams are formed in situ from the reaction of isocyanate, one or more blowing agents including water, a foam stabilizer, polyether polyols or polyester polyols or a mixture of these polyols, and monofunctional materials chemically analogous to the polyols, in the presence of a catalyst. The monofunctional materials can be alcohols, polyesters, or polyethers. Useful monofunctional alcohols have carbon chain lengths of at least 3, and preferably from 8 to 20. Useful monofunctional polyesters have molecular weights from 300 to 2000, and preferably from 300 to 800. Useful monofunctional polyethers, which are derived from the reaction of a monofunctional alcohol with propylene oxide and/or ethylene oxide, have molecular weights from 100 to 3000, and preferably from 200 to 1800.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams are prepared using certain high molecular weight, high functionality poly(oxyethylene) compounds as cell openers and softeners. These high functionality polyether polyols have been found to be very effective in opening the cells of the foam, even when used in making foams based on PIPA polyols, which are notoriously closed-celled. They are also quite effective in softening foams made using MDI-based polyisocyanates.

Abstract: The subject-matter of the invention are organomineral foamed materials and a process for their preparation by reacting polyisocyanate and water-glass without the use of a foaming agent. In the process according to the invention the foaming of the reaction mixture is achieved in controlled manner by means of the CO.sub.2 released in the reaction of isocyanate groups with water by the addition of a polysiloxane and polyether block copolymer.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foam based on methylene diphenyl isocyanates and isocyanate-reactive compounds selected from polyols and polyamines, for which the ratio of the density expressed in kg/m.sup.3 to the compression hardness at 40% compression, expressed in kPa, has a value of at least 20.Such foams may be obtained through a process which comprises reacting methylene diphenyl isocyanates with one or more isocyanate-reactive compounds selected from polyols and polyamines with a functionality of 2-4 and an average equivalent weight ranging from 750-5000 and from 0 to 5 parts by weight of water per 100 parts of polyols and/or polyamine, optionally together with additives conventional in the art, and optionally together with blowing agents other than water, whereas the isocyanate index ranges from 10 to 60.

Abstract: A new membrane for the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from mixtures of said aromatic hydrocarbons and non-aromatic hydrocarbons has been prepared comprising a highly aromatic polyurea/urethane membrane. These highly aromatic polyurea/urethane membranes are symmetric, dense film membranes made from the corresponding polyurea/urethane copolymers by standard membrane casting techniques. The polyurea/urethane copolymers are produced by reacting dihydroxy or polyhydroxy compounds, such as polyethers or polyesters having molecular weights in the range of about 500 to 5000 with aliphatic, alkylaromatic or aromatic diisocyanates or polyisocyanates and low molecular weight chain extenders, such as diamines, polyamines or amino alcohols.

Abstract: A polyisocyanate composition, suitable for use in the production of elastomers by the RIM process, or foams, said composition being the product of reacting an imino-functional or enamine-containing compound having a molecular weight of at least 1000 with a stoichiometric excess of an organic polyisocyanate.

Abstract: Polyols containing polyether and polyester moieties, based on phthalic acid are described. A phthalic acid derivative is reacted with a polyether polyol to give the novel polyols which are useful not only in polyisocyanurate foams, but also polyurethane foams as well. The phthalic acid derivative may be phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride and an ester of phthalic acid, for example. The polyester polyol is made from an initiator selected from the group consisting of alkanolamines, alkyleneamines, arylamines, sucrose, glycerin, sorbitol, .alpha.-methylglucoside, .beta.-methylglucoside, and mixtures thereof. The polyester polyol may be made by alkoxylating the initiators.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of primarily closed cell rigid foams, useful for strengthening mechanical construction parts or for use as insulation material, containing urethane groups, or urethane and isocyanurate groups where the polyol component is a higher molecular weight polyester polyol, containing in bonded form units having one or more of the structures: ##STR1## or a mixture of said polyester polyol and known polyester polyols and/or polyether polyols.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams are prepared using certain high molecular weight, high functionality poly(oxyethylene) compounds as cell openers and softeners. These high functionality polyether polyols have been found to be very effective in opening the cells of the foam, even when used in making foams based on PIPA polyols, which are notoriously closed-celled. They are also quite effective in softening foams made using MDI-based polyisocyanates.

Abstract: A storage stable polyester polyol mixture is prepared by(a) digesting polyethylene terephthalate with a digesting medium comprising a polycarboxylic acid component-containing polyol derived from a digesting polycarboxylic acid component and a digesting polyol component to form a digested polyol mixture and liberate ethylene glycol from said polyethylene terephthalate, and(b) distilling from said digested polyol mixture the amount of liberated ethylene glycol sufficient for improved storage stability of the mixture.The polyester polyol mixture is useful in the preparation of cellular foam materials, particularly polyisocyanurate and polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams based on reactive polyols and polyisocyanates containing a filler are modified with an organofunctional silane containing a hydrolyzable group and an ethylenically unsaturated linkage. The polyurethane foams have improved physical properties including improved stability, compression set, tear resistance, elongation, and tensile strength.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of non-cellular or cellular polyurethane elastomers by the reaction of(a) an organic polyisocyanate, preferably in the form of NCO groups containing prepolymers and/or modified urethane group containing organic polyisocyanates with(b) a higher molecular weight compound having at least two reactive hydrogen atoms,(c) a polyester polyol containing tin and/or titanium compounds as catalysts, and optionally(d) a chain extending agent and/or crosslinking agent in the presence of(e) blowing agents,(f) auxiliaries and/or additiveswhereby from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the (b) component, of a polyester polyol is used as a catalyst, which is prepared by the polycondensation of organic polycarboxylic acid with multivalent alcohols in the presence of from 0.002 to 5 weight percent, based on the weight of the polycondensation mixture, of a titanium and/or tin compound used as a catalyst at temperatures from 150.degree. to 200.degree.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel high flexural modulus polyurethane plastics wherein a polyisocyanate and a particular combination of extenders including cycloalkane diol are reacted optionally in the presence of a minor proportion of high molecular weight polyol.The polymers have outstanding resistance to high temperatures thereby expanding their utilities into higher temperature end-use environments than related prior art materials. Certain members of these new polymers are also possessed of outstanding optical clarity which thereby provides a combination of properties heretofore not available in a polyurethane. These polymers are easily melt-fabricated notwithstanding their inherent high temperature properties.

Abstract: New Mannich bases of the formula ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently, represents a hydroxyalkyl radical, and to oxyalkylation derivatives of the formula ##STR2## wherein each of a, b and c represents zero or a positive integer, their sum being in the range from 3 to 8, and wherein each A radical represents independently a propylene or ethylene radical. The compounds according to the invention are useful for the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate rigid foams having low thermal conductivity are prepared from isocyanate-terminated quasi-prepolymers prepared from polyester polyols derived from phthalic anhydride or from the transesterification of polyethylene terephthalate scrap.

Abstract: A polyurethane foam is the reaction product of at least one polyol and at least one polyisocyanate in the presence of at least one blowing agent. The polyol contains a polymer polyol dispersion prepared by reacting an epoxy resin with an epoxy hardener in the presence of a liquid polyol.

Abstract: Polymer polyols with high polymer or solids content made by the reaction of alkanolamines with polyisocyanates in a dispersing media of polymer polyols created from vinyl monomers in a conventional manner. The equivalents of alkanolamine to equivalents of polyisocyanate ranges from about 1/1 to 5/1 to give novel polymer polyols with solid contents from about 25% to up to 50%. Polyurethane foams made employing the novel polymer polyols of the present invention have higher load bearing properties, and provide a good balance between the load bearing properties and the open cell content of the foam to provide a stable foam, as compared with those employing only conventional polymer polyols.

Abstract: The invention relates to integral skin rigid polyurethane structural foam having high impact strength, high heat distortion and flame retardant properties. This foam is prepared from a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol, a polyester polyol or mixture thereof, an organic polyisocyanate, a chain extender and blowing agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester polyols liquid at 25.degree. C., having an average functionality of from 2 to 3, a hydroxyl number of from 25 to 400, an acid number smaller than 10 and a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of from 200 to 10,000 mPas, which contain in bonded form units having at least one of the structures--O--CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--,--O--CH.sub.2 --CH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--,--OC--CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CO--and--OC--CH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)--CH.sub.2 --CO--which are prepared by the polycondensation or transesterification of 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-glutaric acid and/or 2-ethyl succinic acid or their derivatives, optionally while using other organic polycarboxylic acids and multivalent aliphatic alcohols and are useful for preparing non-cellular or cellular polyurethane plastics or polyurethane-polyurea plastics.

Abstract: A storage stable polyester polyol mixture is prepared by(a) digesting polyethylene terephthalate with a digesting medium comprising a polycarboxylic acid component-containing polyol derived from a digesting polycarboxylic acid component and a digesting polyol component to form a digested polyol mixture and liberate ethylene glycol from said polyethylene terephthalate, and(b) distilling from said digested polyol mixture the amount of liberated ethylene glycol sufficient for improved storage stability of the mixture.The polyester polyol mixture is useful in the preparation of cellular foam materials, particularly polyisocyanurate and polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a polyurethane froth foam is provided. The process, which comprises contacting a polyurethane forming formulation with an inert gas under conditions which produce a froth, uses a formulation which contains either (1) an aromatic amine having the formula ##STR1## wherein the R groups are independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl groups and the R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 groups are independently selected from hydrogen or hydroxyalkyl groups or (2) an alkoxylated bisphenol A. Optionally a second additive which is a linear glycol can also be used. The polyurethane froth foams produced are thermoformable while exhibiting good shape retention at ambient temperature.

Abstract: Oligoesters having hydroxyl groups and an OH number of from 200 to 600 mg KOH/g are made by reacting a cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride in which no halogen is present with a polyfunctional alcohol or dialkanolamine in a molar ratio of from 1:0.5 to 1:1.5 at a temperature of from 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. to form the corresponding dicarboxylic acid semiester and/or semiamide. This semiester and/or semiamide is then alkoxylated with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst at 80.degree. to 150.degree. C. The equivalent ratio of acid groups to alkylene oxide groups is from 1:0.8 to 1:1.7. The catalysts are reaction products of alkoxides with at least 3 C-atoms with ammonia, piperidine, piperazine and/or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 aliphatic, polyamines, preferably diamines in which all of the NH-functional groups have been alkoxylated. The resultant oligoester may then be reacted with a polyisocyanate optionally in the presence of known additives, such as blowing agents and catalysts.

Abstract: A polyester polyol suitable for use in a foam-forming reaction with an organic polyisocyanate in the manufacture of a polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam, the polyester polyol being the reaction product of polycarboxylic acid and polyol components, wherein the polyol component solely or partially comprises an oxyalkylated polyol selected from the group consisting of(a) at least one oxyalkylated polyol having at least one primary and at least one secondary hydroxyl group, and(b) an oxyalkylated polyol mixture containing at least one oxyalkylated polyol having at least one primary and at least one secondary hydroxyl group.

Abstract: An aliphatic, isocyanate-base, polyurethane polymer and a process for preparing the polymer. The process comprises reacting, such as by spraying onto a substrate or an open mold, a caprolactone polyol with an aliphatic isocyanate in the presence of a catalytic amount of a metallo catalyst, and also in the presence of a fast-curing amount of a curing agent comprising an amine, particularly a triethanol amine, to provide a fast-reaction aliphatic urethane polymer which is a clear, easily color-pigmented polymer.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams produced by reacting a polyol component having a special composition with an isocyanate component in the presence of a blowing agent, a reaction catalyst and a foam stabilizer with a mold release time of as short as 5.5 minutes or less, have remarkably low thermal conductivity of 12.5.times.10.sup.-3 Kcal/m.hr..degree.C. or less and a low density and are suitable as heat insulating materials for refrigerators and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymers containing a stoichiometric excess of an isocyanate component comprised of one or more aromatic isocyanates containing on average from 2 to 4 isocyanate groups per molecule and a polyol component comprised of an oleochemical polyol prepared by epoxidation of a triglyceride containing olefinic unsaturation and subsequent ring opening with an alcohol. In use, accelerators, flameproofing agents, blowing agents and, optionally, liquefying agents, dyes and/or stabilizers, are included. The oleochemical polyol does not contain any free epoxide groups and is obtained by complete ring opening of epoxidized triglycerides of a fatty acid mixture containing at least partly olefinically unsaturated fatty acids with one or more C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alcohols and partial conversion by alcoholysis or transesterification of the triglyceride derivatives to alkyl ester polyols containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical.

Abstract: A porous or non-porous intumescent mass comprising one or more carbonization auxiliaries, one or more fillers and optionally one or more other auxiliary agents, produced by the reaction of a polyisocyanate with an isocyanate reactive compound, optionally containing phosphorus or boron, in the presence of polyepoxide. The intumescent mass according to the invention having good fire characteristics and can be used to produce structural elements for fire resistance purposes, fire barriers, textile coatings, linings, laminates and pipe insulators.

Abstract: An aliphatic, isocyanate-base, polyurethane polymer and a process for preparing the polymer. The process comprises reacting, such as by spraying onto a substrate or an open mold, a caprolactone polyol with an aliphatic polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalytic amount of a metallo catalyst, and also in the presence of a fast-curing amount of a curing agent comprising an amine, particularly an aromatic diamine, such as diethyl toluene diamine, to provide a fast-reaction aliphatic polyurethane polymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyester polyols which are liquid at 25.degree. C. and contain units having the structure --OCH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O-- which are bound together and have an average functionality of from about 2 to 3, a hydroxyl number of from about 25 to 300, an acid number of less than about 2, and a viscosity of from about 200 to 10.sup.5 mPas at 25.degree. C. The polyols are prepared through polycondensation in the molten state, in the presence of or absence of esterification catalysts, of an aliphatic di- and/or polycarboxylic acid and/or di- and/or polycarboxylic acid ahydride and 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol or mixtures comprised of 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol and at least one linear or branched, aliphatic di- through tetravalent alcohol, which optionally contains ether bridges and has a 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol content of at least 20 weight percent based on the weight of the alcohol mixture.

Abstract: Thermoformable rigid foams are made by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol component. The polyol component includes at least one organic polyhydroxyl compound having a hydroxyl number of from 28 to 1200, a foaming agent, a catalyst and a compound which masks isocyanate groups. Preferred isocyanate masking compounds are .epsilon.-caprolactam and nonyl phenol. The foam thus obtained may then be molded and crosslinked by heating it to a temperature of from 150.degree. to 190.degree. C. These foams are particularly useful as interior trim for motor vehicles.

Abstract: Fluorocarbon blowing agent compatible polyol blends are provided comprising reaction products of a combination of (a) a residue from the manufacture of dimethyl terephthalate, (b) a low molecular weight diol compound, (c) a nonionic surfactant compound, (d) optionally a hydrophobic compound, and (e) optionally a polybasic carboxylic acid compound. These polyol blends are produced by a simple heating process and are thereafter optionally blendable with various conventional polyols and other additives (including fluorocarbons and catalysts) to make resin prepolymer blends. Such resin blends can be catalytically reacted with organic isocyanates to produce cellular polyurethanes and polyurethane/polyisocyanurates.

Abstract: A non-liquid, energy-absorbing polyurethane is derived from the process which comprises reacting a mixture of linear and branched polyols, a polyisocyanate and, optionally, a blowing agent, under polyurethane-forming conditions at an isocyanate index of from about 65 to about 85.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mixture of terephthalic acid ester polyols for use in the preparation of rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams. The polyols are prepared by reacting scrap polyethylene terephthalate, dimethyl terephthalate process residue and an excess of a mixture of glycols.

Abstract: Polyurethane resins having high rigidity and improved physical properties, such as mechanical strengths and heat resistance are obtained by reacting a polyisocyanate with a polyol component comprising a pendant hydroxyl-containing polymer polyol, of high polymer content, derived from a polyol and a mixture comprising a hydroxyl-containing monomer and an unsaturated nitrile, or a combination of said polymer polyol with an epoxy-containing polymer polyol.

Abstract: In one aspect, this invention is a polyurethane foam which is the reaction product of a reaction mixture comprising a poly(alkylene carbonate) polyol, a silicone surfactant, a blowing agent, and a polyisocyanate.In another aspect, this invention is an active hydrogen-containing composition comprising a poly(alkylene carbonate) polyol having an equivalent weight from about 100 to about 3000, a blowing agent and a silicone surfactant.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate foams are prepared by reacting together an organic polyisocyanate, a blowing agent, a trimerization catalyst, and a minor amount of a polyol mixture prepared by digesting polyalkylene terephthalate, particularly polyethylene terephthalate, with a polyol, especially a glycol. Laminates of such foams exhibit a high degree of fire resistance, low smoke evolution on combustion, low foam friability and high compressive strength.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polyurethane foam of the rigid type having three different types of polyol components capable of having suspended therein fillers and reinforcing fibers. The foam is made into boards and the like and has continuous fiber glass strands or yarn disposed longitudinally in or adjacent the surface skin of the foam. The strands or yarn are parallel and close together and are flattened out in the foam-forming process so that the surfaces have a continuous fiber glass implant longitudinally and substantially so transversely.

Abstract: Disclosed is a storage stable blend of a long chain polyol and a short chain diol wherein the diol is present in an amount whereby the diol and polyol form an incompatible blend. The blend is rendered storage stable by the addition of a compatibilizing amount of an ethylenically unsaturated esterol. Alternatively, the compatibilizing agent comprises an adduct of the ethylenically unsaturated esterol and a polyol, e.g. glycol. The storage stable blends find utility in making rigid, tough RIM parts.

Abstract: Isocyanate-derived foams are prepared from an isocyanate, catalyst, blowing agent, foam stabilizing surfactant and at least two active hydrogen-containing compounds wherein one of the active hydrogen-containing compounds is an alkylene oxide polymer having an equivalent of at least 300 and being composed of at least about 10 weight percent, based on a total weight of the polymerized alkylene oxide in the polymer, of a polymerized ethylene oxide.

Abstract: An improved method and composition for repairing cementitious surfaces is provided. A polymerizable urethane composition having an excess of isocyanate groups to account for water present in the reaction environment is utilized. The method utilizes water, e.g. surface moisture, to foam the polymer and provide a long-lived repair of the surface. The method is particularly applicable in the repair of concrete roadways.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to 4,4'-diisocyanato phenylbenzylether, its method of production by reaction of the corresponding diamine with phosgene and the use of the diisocyanate for the production of polyisocyanate polyaddition products, preferably polyurethane plastics.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of matte, non-blocking, thin-walled molded articles, films or tubes from polyurethane elastomers prepared from high molecular weight polyols which contain dispersed polyadducts based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products. The use of these high molecular weight polyols contained dispersed polyadducts allows for the preparation of thin-walled, molded articles which have reduced surface tackiness. The present invention is additionally directed to the molded articles produced by this process and to their use for forming polyurethane foam composites.

Abstract: A polyester polyol mixture is prepared by reacting a polycarboxylic acid component-containing polyol with a terephthalic acid residue, wherein the polycarboxylic acid component has ring units with two ##STR1## groups on adjacent or alternate ring positions, the ring unit content of the polycarboxylic acid component being sufficient for viscosity reduction of the polyester polyol mixture. The polyester polyol mixture is useful in the preparation of cellular foam materials, particularly polyisocyanurate and polyurethane foams, and laminates thereof.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams produced by reacting a polyol component having a special composition with an isocyanate component in the presence of a blowing agent, a reaction catalyst and a foam stabilizer with a mold release time of as short as 5.5 minutes or less, have remarkably low thermal conductivity of 12.5.times.10.sup.-3 Kcal/m.hr..degree.C. or less and a low density and are suitable as heat insulating materials for refrigerators and the like.