Abstract: A polyol composition comprising(a) a polyether polyol with an average molecular weight of 2,000 to 10,000,(b) an adduct of a carboxylic acid having not less than 8 carbon atoms with ethylene oxide or both ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and(c) a diol with an average molecular weight of 62 to 400, having one or more primary hydroxyl groups;in a ratio of (88 to 98):(2 to 8):(0 to 4) by weight is suitable for the production of flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam and a flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam produced by reacting(i) the above polyol composition with(ii) a polyisocyanatein the presence of(iii) water,(iv) both a foam-setting agent for slab foam and a foam-setting agent for HR foam(v) both a metal-containing catalyst and a tertiary amine catalyst and(vi) a flame retardant comprising a triarylphosphatenot only has an excellent flame retardant effect but also causes no discoloration of the foam-covering material.

Abstract: A process for producing a urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam by using at least four components of a polyol, a polyisocyanate compound in an excess amount relative to the polyol, an isocyanate trimerizing catalyst and a foaming agent, as the essential starting materials, wherein a polyester ether polyol comprising, as the constituting units, residues of polyhydric phenols and/or polyhydric alcohols, residues of polybasic carboxylic acids and oxyalkylene groups and having a hydroxyl value of from about 100 to about 500, is employed as at least a part of said polyol.

Abstract: The preparation of isocyanurate foams from a recycled polyethylene terephthalate polyol modified with a polyethoxylated nonylphenol is disclosed. These modified foams exhibit improved fluorocarbon solubility. The foams may be used for building roofing and sheathing applications.

Abstract: The preparation of isocyanurate foams from a recycled polyethylene terephthalate polyol modified with aromatic amino polyols, sucrose polyols, ethoxylated alphamethyl glucosides, alkoxylated glycerine or alkoxylated sorbitol is disclosed. These modified foams exhibit improved fluorocarbon solubility. The foams may be used for building roofing and sheathing applications.

Abstract: A process for producing a novel polyester polyurethane having excellent hydrolysis resistance and excellent flexibility at low temperature, which is obtained from a polyisocyanate and a polyester polyol which is obtained by reaction a dicarboxylic acid with a mixture of 1,9-nonanediol and a polyol represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes methyl group or ethyl group, R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, hydroxymethyl group or hydroxyethyl group, and n is an integer of 1 to 5, said polyester polyol having an average molecular weight of 500 to 30,000.

Abstract: Improved fluorocarbon blowing agents composed of blends of (a) CFC-11, trichlorofluoromethane, with (b) CFC-123 or CFC-123a, dichlorotrifluoroethane, have been found which impart significant improvement in the solubility characteristics of rigid urethane foam systems that contain significant amounts of aromatic polyester polyols. A substantial increase in the solubility of the CFC-11/CFC-123 or CFC-11/CFC-123a blends over CFC-11 alone in typical rigid urethane foam premix systems containing variable concentrations or aromatic polyester polyol is obtained. Preparation of rigid urethane foams have shown that improved solubility CFC-11 blends with CFC-123 or CFC-123a permit an increase in the amount of aromatic polyester polyol than can be used in the formulation without any significant differences in the physical characteristics of foams compared to those produced from CFC-11 without inclusion of aromatic polyester polyols.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams are prepared by reacting an excess of an organic polyisocyanate with an etherified modified aromatic polyol. The etherified modified aromatic polyol is prepared by digesting scrap polyalkylene terephthalate polymers with a low molecular weight polyol. The digested polyol is reacted with a low molecular weight polyhydroxy compound containing from about 3 to about 8 hydroxyl groups to form an intermediate product which is alkoxylated with 1 to 4 mols of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide to produce a low viscosity etherified modified aromatic polyol which displays excellent stability over long term storage. The etherified modified aromatic polyol is useful in the manufacture of good quality polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams having improved properties.

Abstract: Polyethers which are polymers of C.sub.4 or higher oxiranes are used as cell openers in preparing flexible polymer foams. These cell openers provide processing advantages, do not bleed out of the forms, and are often effective at lower levels of use than conventional cell openers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a one-shot process for the preparation of cellular or noncellular polyurethane polyurea parts having a modulus of flexural elasticity greater than 600 N/mm.sup.2 and densities of from 0.8 to 1.2 g/cm.sup.

Abstract: Polyol blend compositions are provided containing nonionic ethoxylate propoxylate compounds and aromatic ester polyols, especially phthalate polyester polyols, which blends are miscible with fluorocarbon blowing agents. These blends are suitable for reaction with polyfunctional organic isocyanates in the presence of polymerization catalysts to make cellular polyurethanes and polyisocyanurates.

Abstract: A method for producing polyester modified, polyurethane foam having a density of from about 1 to 40 pounds per cubic foot, and the product produced by said method, are disclosed and claimed. A first composition or mixture is prepared comprising a relatively high molecular weight polyol, and a minor but effective amount of a hydroxy-containing, unsaturated polyester, soluble in or miscible with the polyol; a second composition or mixture is prepared comprising an isocyanate or polyisocyanate soluble in or miscible with a vinylidene type cross-linking monomer for the unsaturated polyester, the cross-linking monomer being exemplified by styrene, said first and second mixtures being blended together just prior to production of the foam, thereby enabling the production of a more homogeneous foamed product having improved physical properties, especially those enhancing the product's usefulness for insulation purposes.

Abstract: The use of bicyclic amide acetals as compatibilizing agents in the preparation of rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanate foams from certain polyol mixtures, polyisocyanates and fluorocarbon blowing agents is disclosed.

Abstract: A mixture of polyols useful in preparing closed cell rigid foams. The polyols are made by blending a polyester polyol derived from succinic, glutaric and adipic acids and a non-polymeric or polyoxyalkylene polyol having a functionality from 3 to 4. When reacted with an organic polyisocyanates, the resulting rigid polyurethane foams are dimensionally stable and less flammable compared with polyether-based products.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a polyol blend comprising:(a) from about 30 to about 90 percent by weight of a polyester diol having an OH number of from about 50 to about 500 and having the structure: ##STR1## wherein each R may be the same or different and represents a radical of the formula: ##STR2## where R" represents H or CH.sub.3 with the proviso that both R"s cannot be CH.sub.

Abstract: Reaction injection molded elastomers made from polymer polyols derived by reacting a liquid terephthalic polyester polyol with an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a polyether polyol solvent are described. The liquid terephthalic polyester polyol may be made by reacting residue or scrap polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with an oxyalkylene glycol. The oxyalkylene glycol is preferably either diethylene glycol alone or a mixture of diethylene glycol and at least one other oxyalkylene glycol. The liquid terephthalic polyester polyol is preferably distilled to remove ethylene glycol. RIM elastomers made from these polymer polyols have improved hot tear (green strength) and final tear properties than prior art elastomers.

Abstract: A storage stable polyester polyol mixture is prepared by digesting polyalkylene terephthalate, particularly polyethylene terephthalate, with a digesting medium comprising a polycarboxylic acid component-containing polyol, wherein the polycarboxylic acid component has ring units with two ##STR1## groups on adjacent or alternate ring positions, the ring unit content of the polycarboxylic acid component being sufficient for improved storage stability of the digestion product. The polyester polyol mixture is useful in the preparation of cellular foam materials, particularly polyisocyanurate and polyurethane foams.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the manufacture of polyols and polyurethanes using thiodialkylene glycols. More particularly, the present invention is directed to the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foam using novel polyols prepared by forming a condensation product of a polyethylene terephthalate with a low molecular weight glycol having a molecular weight of about 500 or less and a thiodialkylene glycol such as thiodiethylene glycol. The present invention is also directed to the use of thiodialkylene glycols as cross linking agents in the preparation of polyurethane foam from condensation products prepared by digesting a polyethylene terephthalate with a polyol having a molecular weight of about 500 or less such as a glycol or a triol.

Abstract: Polyurethane prepolymers containing terminal isocyanate groups in which oleochemical polyols are present as the polyol component. The oleochemical polyols are ring opened products or partial ring-opened products of epoxidized fatty acid triglycerides with alcohols. The use of oleochemical polyols having a residual epoxide number of from 1.0 to 4.0% by weight of epoxide oxygen is preferred. The polyurethane prepolymers are particularly suitable for use in one-component or two-component polyurethane foam formulations.

Abstract: A mixture of aromatic polyester polyols useful in preparing rigid foams is described. The polyols are made by first reacting recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) scrap with an alkylene glycol to form a reaction product which is then reacted with an alkylene oxide, such as propylene oxide. The resultant mixture of aromatic polyester polyols is a homogeneous liquid which does not precipitate solids upon standing, as do some prior art PET-derived polyols.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of cellular or non-cellular polyurethanes through the reaction of organic polyisocyanates with a polyether-polyester polyol component containing di- to tetrafunctional polyether-polyester polyols having hydroxyl numbers of from 10 to 200, which are themselves prepared by esterifying conventional di- to tetrafunctional polyether polyols with carboxylic acid anhydrides, preferably aromatic carboxylic acid anhydrides, in the presence of selected catalysts to form carboxylic acid half esters, and oxyalkylating the resulting carboxylic acid half esters with alkylene oxides in the presence of N-methylimidazole, triethylene diamine, triphenylphosphine or mixtures thereof with thiodialkylene glycol as catalysts.

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of polymers with laterally linked polyoxyalkylene chains by the free radical polymerization of polyoxyalkylene ethers with olefinic double bonds with other vinyl compounds, capable of copolymerizing wherein the polyoxyalkylene ethers of allyl and/or methallyl alcohol are copolymerized in a known manner with vinyl esters of lower carboxylic acids or mixtures of vinyl esters of lower carboxylic acids with up to 50 mole percent of esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid. The compounds can be used to advantage as reaction components having hydroxyl groups in the production of polyurethanes. In particular, they improve the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams, such as, for example, their compression hardness.

Abstract: A method for producing a flexible polyurethane foam from reacting a polyol blend with a polyisocyanate in the presence of a polyurethane formation catalyst is described. The polyol blend contains from 0.5 to 10 wt. % of an aromatic polyester polyol extender typically used in rigid foams. The polyol extender is made from dibasic acids, alkylene glycols and recycled polyethylene terephthalate. Commercial extenders cause flexible foams to shrink, a problem not found in the foams of this invention.

Abstract: Terephthalic esters may be made to remain in a liquid form by reacting recycled or scrap polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with diethylene glycol and one or more oxyalkylene glycols and stripping out some of the ethylene glycol present. The mole ratio of glycols to scrap PET should also be greater than 1.2:1. This process keeps any diesters from separating out of the solution as solids. These liquid terephthalic esters are useful as polyol extenders in rigid polyurethane foams and as the sole polyol component in polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: Compositions having improved compatibility of halohydrocarbon blowing agents such as trichlorofluoromethane and suitable for curing with polyisocyanates to give low smoke urethane isocyanate foams are described. The compositions include the transesterification products of the residue obtained from the manufacture of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol or a polyethylene glycol; the transesterification product of that residue and a higher alkylene glycol or higher polyalkylene glycol; and a polyether polyol having an average hydroxyl functionality of at least 4.

Abstract: A novel class of aromatic polyester polycarbonates is described. The polycarbonates are made by reacting an alkylene carbonate with an aromatic polyester polyol over a polycarbonate formation catalyst such as potassium stannate. In turn, the polyol is made by esterifying a dibasic acid waste stream with an alkylene glycol to produce a polyester polyol which is subsequently used to transesterify recycled polyethylene terephthalate.

Abstract: Processes for sealing and strengthening water-bearing geological formations by injection thereinto a polyurethane-resin-forming composition that is especially suitable for this purpose which comprises a conventional polyisocyanate, a conventional polyol, an accelerator for the reaction between the polyisocyanate and the polyol, and a foam stabilizer.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate foam in which the polyol content is largely a polyol mixture prepared by the transesterification with a glycol of a residue obtained from the manufacture of dimethyl terephthalate and in which the foam has been prepared using fluorocarbon blowing agent and amine triol to improve compatibility between the polyol and the blowing agent.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate foam in which the polyol content is largely a polyol mixture prepared by the transesterification wtih a glycol of a residue obtained from the manufacture of dimethyl terephthalate and in which the foam has been prepared using fluorocarbon blowing agent and amide diol to improve compatibility between the polyol and the blowing agent.

Abstract: A method for using polyethylene terephthalate liquid waste streams which contain mono- and polyethylene glycols as polyol extenders in the manufacture of rigid foam is described. Extenders such as this cut down on the polyol expense in rigid foams with no decrease in quality. They are useful in rigid polyurethane and rigid polyisocyanurate foam production.

Abstract: Mixtures of aromatic polyols containing ester functionalities suitable for use in rigid foams prepared by reacting a dimethyl terephthalate waste stream containing methyl p-formylbenzoate over a metal alkoxide catalyst and subsequently transesterifying the product with a polyalkylene glycol in the presence of heat are described. These novel polyols may be blended with conventional polyols to yield excellent rigid foams, thus serving as useful polyol extenders. These low hydroxyl number extender polyols unexpectedly have a low relative viscosity.

Abstract: An improved, modified polyisocyanurate foam composition having improved compressive strength and good flame and smoke properties is prepared by the reaction of a methylene diisocyanate with a modifying amount of a hydroxyl compound, such as a hydroxyl-containing polyether or a saturated polyester, and with an alicyclic glycol, such as cyclohexane dimethanol, in the presence of a trimerization catalyst, a blowing amount of a blowing agent and a surfactant.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate foam in which the polyol content is largely a polyol mixture prepared by the transesterification with a glycol of a residue obtained from the manufacture of dimethyl terephthalate and in which the foam has been prepared using fluorocarbon blowing agent and alkoxylated alkyl amine to improve compatibility between the polyol and the blowing agent.

Abstract: Mixtures of aromatic polyols containing ester functionalities suitable for use in rigid foams prepared by reacting dibasic acid residues with an alkylene glycol residue, the reaction product of which is reacted with terephthalic acid residues are described. These novel polyols may be blended with conventional polyols to yield excellent rigid foams, thus serving as useful polyol extenders. These low hydroxyl number extender polyols unexpectedly have a low relative viscosity.

Abstract: Mixtures of aromatic polyols containing amide and ester functionalities suitable for use in rigid foams prepared by reacting a phthalic acid residue with an amino alcohol and subsequent alkoxylation are described. These novel polyols may be blended with conventional polyols to yield rigid foams with better flammability resistance as compared with foams made from conventional polyols alone.

Abstract: Mixtures of aromatic polyols containing ester functionalities suitable for use as polyol extenders in rigid foams prepared by reacting dibasic acid residues with an alkylene glycol residue, the reaction product of which is reacted with recycled polyethylene terephthalate are described. Surprisingly, the process is non-catalytic. These novel polyols may be blended with conventional polyols to yield excellent rigid foams, thus serving as useful polyol extenders.

Abstract: Economical, open-celled packaging foams of better quality than foams from commercial aromatic polyester polyols may be prepared with a novel polyol blend. The most important component in the polyol blend is an aromatic polyester polyol made from dibasic acid waste streams and recycled polyethylene terephthalate. This type of polyol made from waste or recycled reactant streams is economical to make and serves as an inexpensive substitute for a portion of more expensive amino polyols normally used.

Abstract: Mixtures of aromatic polyols containing ester functionalities suitable for use in rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams are described. The mixtures are prepared by reacting a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) residue with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a basic catalyst. These novel polyol mixtures may be blended with conventional polyols to yield rigid foams with better flammability resistance as compared with foams made from conventional polyols alone.

Abstract: A polyester polymer polyol made by the reaction of a polyester polycarbonate, a polyether polyol and an organic polyisocyanate is described. The polyester polycarbonate may have a molecular weight of about 250 to 1,000. The polyether polyol may have a molecular weight of about 3,000 to 8,000. This polyester polymer polyol may be used in the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams which are characterized by good load bearing properties as well as good water absorption and retention properties. Foams made from these polymer polyols show a lesser tendency to yellow than those made from prior art polyols and polymer polyols.

Abstract: The invention relates to solutions of(A) from 3 to 60% by weight, based on the combined ether-polyol content, of separately prepared oligo-urethane ethers containing terminal OH.sup.- groups in the form of reaction products of(a) diisocyanates with(b) dialcohols having an average molecular weight of from 200 to 800, the stoichiometric ratio of (a) to (b) amounting to various values based on the average molecular weight of the dialcohols,in(B) polyether polyols containing at least 2 hydroxyl groups and having an average molecular weight of from 1000 to 12,000 and to their use in a proess for the production of polyurethane foams capable of being effectively flame-laminated and (high-frequency) welded without any adverse effect upon their other properties.

Abstract: The machine processing character as well as the stress-strain properties of polyester polyurethane foam are improved by the use of a cross-linking polyol, a viscosity increasing dicarboxylic acid or anhydride such as phthalic anhydride, and by the use of specific minor amounts of poly(oxyethylene) glycol, in the esterification formula of foam grade polyester resins. A nonhydrophillic flexible polyester based polyurethane foam is produced.

Abstract: Polyurethane resins are described having high impact strength and other structural strength properties, and significantly improved resistance to deformation by heat. The properties of these materials are such as to make them comparable to engineering thermoplastics such as nylon and like materials commonly used to fabricate structural components such as automotive parts, equipment housing, sporting goods, furniture, toys, household and like consumer goods.The resins are prepared from organic polyisocyanates, an isocyanate-reactive material (polyol, polyamine, etc.) having an average functionality of at least 1.9, a Tg less than 20.degree. C. and molecular weight of 500-20,000, and one or more low molecular weight extenders the major distinguishing feature being the markedly lower proportion by weight (2 to 25 percent) in which the isocyanate-reactive material is employed as compared with polyurethane resins conventionally prepared in the art.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the preparation of flexible polyurethane foams having good hydrolytic stability, improved damping, with equal or higher levels of other physical properties and with a high absorption capacity. The foams are prepared by reacting organic polyisocyanates and mixtures of(a) liquid polyester polyols, which are produced by the polycondensation of organic dicarboxcylic acid and a polyol mixture which contains 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and at least one triol, and(b) di- to tetra-functional polyether polyols having molecular weights of 1500 to 6000in the presence of catalysts and blowing agents as well as optionally chain extenders, auxiliaries, and additives.

Abstract: A solution of a polyurethane in a polyol is made from (a) the reaction product of a polyisocyanate and a diprimary diol, and (b) a polyether in which the reaction product constitutes from 3 to 60 wt. % of the solution. Suitable diprimary diols have a molecular weight of from 90 to 800 and a structure at both hydroxyl groups corresponding to the general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents chlorine, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl radical having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which carbon atoms may be substituted or interrupted by chlorine, ester groups, ether groups, amide groups, urethane groups or nitrile groups, andR.sub.2 represents hydrogen or a radical within the definition of R.sub.1.Polyethers which may be employed have at least two hydroxyl groups (at least 80% of which are secondary hydroxyl groups) and an average molecular weight of from 500 to 12,000.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the preparation of flexible polyurethane foams by reacting organic polyisocyanates, liquid polyester polyols having hydroxyl numbers of 40 to 80 and molecular weights of 1500 to 5000, which are produced by the polycondensation of organic dicarboxylic acids with either polyol mixture A, based on the overall polyol weight consisting of:5 to 50 percent by weight of 1,4-butanediol,20 to 60 percent by weight of 1,5-pentanediol,8 to 35 percent by weight of 1,6-hexanediol,2 to 15 percent by weight of at least one triol, and0 to 65 percent by weight of diethylene glycol,or polyol mixture B, based on the overall polyol weight consisting of:10 to 50 percent by weight of 1,4-butanediol,15 to 45 percent by weight of 1,6-hexanediol,15 to 65 percent by weight of diethylene glycol, and2 to 15 percent by weight of at least one triol,in the presence of catalysts and blowing agents as well as optionally chain extenders, auxiliaries and additives.

Abstract: Novel, finely divided, redispersible dispersions of high melting polyesters in low melting polyhydroxyl compounds are disclosed. Disclosed also is a process for their preparation and their use as polyol components containing fillers in the production of cellular or non-cellular polyurethanes.

Abstract: A thermal dimensionally stable RIM polyurethane elastomer prepared by reacting an organic polyisocyanate, a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol, and ethylene glycol wherein the reactants have a free-water content of less than 0.10 percent based on 100 parts of polyol plus glycol.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing cellular polymers having urethane groups, isocyanurate groups, or both. The cellular polymers are prepared by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with certain polymer dispersions in the presence of a blowing agent.The polymer dispersions comprise(a) as a continuous phase, a polyol having a functionality of 2 to 8 and a hydroxyl number of 150 to 700; and(b) as a dispersed phase, an organic compound having(a) at least one Zerewitinoff active hydrogen atom,(b) a melting point of 30.degree. C. to 260.degree. C., and(c) a molecular weight of 178 to 100,000.

Abstract: A process for preparing an integral-skinned polyurethane foam wherein a foamable composition for formation of polyurethane which comprises a polyol, polyisocyanate, cross-linking agent, catalyst, and blowing agent is reacted and expanded in a mold, characterized in that(a) said polyol is a polyether polyol having a terminal ethylene oxide adduct rate of at least 60%, an OH number of 20 to 100 and a functionality of 4 to 8, or a polyester polyol having a functionality of 4 to 8;(b) said polyisocyanate is a non-aromatic polyisocyanate having an isocyanate index of 90 to 130;(c) said cross-linking agent is diethanolamine and ranges from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of said polyol;(d) said catalyst is an organometallic salt; and(e) said blowing agent is a halogenated hydrocarbon of a low boiling point.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the production of highly elastic, open-celled foams containing urethane groups by reacting polyether polyols with modified polyisocyanates in the presence of cross-linking agents and water characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of 0.5 to 10 g/100 g of the polyether of a cross-linking mixture corresponding to the general formulaC.sub.n H.sub.2n+2 O.sub.nwherein n=2 to 10,which has a statistical average of at least four hydroxyl groups per molecule.

Abstract: A flexible or semi-rigid open-cell, polyurethane foam sealing material prepared from a polyisocyanate and a polyol component, a major portion of said polyol component consisting of a polyol derived from a dimer acid or castor oil, castor oil, or a mixture thereof in the presence of a blowing agent, a foam stabilizer, a catalyst, and, optionally, a lipophilic filler.