Abstract: Melamine resin prepregs or melamine resin laminates which consist of a web-like fiber reinforcement which is impregnated with melamine resins which essentially comprisea) 40-85% by weight of at least partly etherified melamine resins, which are obtainable by reaction of melamine, formaldehyde and alkanols having 1 to 8 C atoms in a molar ratio of melamine formaldehyde:alkanol of 1:(5 to 6):(4 to 6), andb) 60-15% by weight of diols consisting of 25 to 75% by weight of polyester-diols and/or polyether-diols having a molecular weight of at least 400 g/mol and 75 to 25% by weight of low molecular weight diols having 2 to 12 C atoms.

Abstract: Amino resins, e.g., urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde thermosetting resins, are cured with a latent catalyst which is a thermally-decomposable adduct of an aromatic sulfonic acid (e.g., p-toluene sulfonic acid) and a bicyclic oxazolidines (e.g., 1-aza-3,7-dioxa-5-ethylbicyclo (3.3.0) octane. The coating compositions can contain other conventional co-reactants, such as polyols, polyacids, alkyd resins, polyester resins, epoxies, acrylics and the like. Coatings containing the amino resin, co-reactant, and latent catalyst have an acceptable viscosity stability, cure rapidly at temperatures lower than some other latent catalysts, and produce films with no wrinkles.

Abstract: Moldings, in particular foams and fibers, based on melamine/formaldehyde condensation products, in which from 0.1 to 70 mol % of the melamine have been replaced by melamine substituted by from 1 to 3 hydroxyoxaalkyl groups of the formula--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --OHn=1-5)have increased elasticity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for transforming amino- or hydroxyl-containing materials of plant seed origin into plastics feedstocks, which comprises(a) reacting amino-containing starting materials of plant seed origin with an oxo compound, optionally also with an amino compound, preferably with urea or melamine, simultaneously or subsequently; or(b) reacting hydroxyl-containing starting materials of plant seed origin with an amino compound in an aqueous medium, and optionally reacting the thus-obtained macromolecule with an oxo compound; or(c) reacting hydroxyl-containing starting materials of plant seed origin with an oxo compound in an aqueous medium, optionally reacting the thus-obtained macromolecule with an amino compound,then transforming the obtained macromolecular material into plastics feedstocks in a known way.

Abstract: Hybrid curable compositions comprising components curable by condensation, and components curable by free-radical initiated polymerization, cure being catalyzed by a metal sulfonate. The components curable by condensation comprise amino resins and co-reactants. The components curable by free-radical initiated polymerization comprise acryloyl compounds.

Abstract: A process of producing melamine formaldehyde resins using crude or impure melamine is described. The process using the impure or crude melamine includes the control of the pH within the range of from about 8 to 10, and preferably 9 to 9.2 during at least the initial stages of the formaldehyde/melamine reaction. The pH control provides resins having commercially acceptable characteristics, with the cook times of the resin formation also being commercially acceptable.

Abstract: A method for controlling the permeability of a petroleum-bearing subterranean formation including the steps of producing from biomass, a water-insoluble viscous biomass oil, and injecting the biomass oil into the petroleum bearing formation to decrease the permeability of at least some of the formation for altering flow paths through the formation to increase petroleum yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a curable composition comprising:(A) at least one aminoplast resin; and(B) an amount effective to cure the composition of at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of(B-1) an acid, or an anhydride, ester, ammonium salt or metal salt of the acid that is represented by one of the formulae ##STR1## (B-2) an acid, or an ester, a metal salt or ammonium salt of a sulfo compound represented by the formula: ##STR2## (B-3) an acid, or an ammonium or metal salts of a reaction product prepared by the reaction of at least one amine and sulfo compound of (B-2); and mixtures thereof;where in Formulae I and IIeach R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently a hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy or hydrocaryltho group;where in Formulae I, II and IIIX.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are each independently sulfur or oxygen;R.sub.3 is a divalent hydrocaryl group,each R.sub.4 and R.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a sulfo-group-containing heat-resistant high-molecular material containing sulfo groups in an amount of not less than 1 wt. % in terms of sulfur content and having an ammonia adsorptivity of not less than 10 mg/g, formed by heat-treating at a temperature of 250.degree.-500.degree. C. a starting composition composed mainly of a sulfo-group-containing aromatic high-molecular compound which comprises unit constituents of an aromatic sulfonic acid compound or a salt thereof and is soluble in aqueous solvents, and a preparation process thereof.

Abstract: A conjugated system-containing organic high molecular compound is described, which contains a recurring unit represented by the following structural formula (I) and has a number-average molecular weight of 1,000 or more: ##STR1## wherein m represents an integer of from 2 to 10; n represents an integer of from 1 to 23; B and B' respectively represent --NHCO-- and --CONH--, --CONH-- and --NHCO--, ##STR2## --A-- is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1-4 and R.sup.5-8 each independently is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an amino group, an alkylamino group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group, and groups of the following formulae (a), (b), and (c), provided that the groups of --A-- may be the same or different: ##STR4## wherein R.sup.9-12, R.sup.13-16, and R.sup.

Abstract: Hydroxy functional epoxidized amino resins comprising glycidamide groups. The polyglycidamides are produced from alkoxymethyl amino resins by reaction with acrylamide, followed by reaction with a polyol to introduce hydroxy functionality and then the unsaturated groups of the hydroxyfunctional acrylamidomethyl amino resins are epoxidized with an epoxidation agent such as hydrogen peroxide. The polyglycidamides are formulated with epoxy reactants to provide curable epoxy systems.

Abstract: Hybrid curable compositions comprising components curable by condensation, and components curable by free-radical initiated polymerization, cure being catalyzed by a metal sulfonate. The components curable by condensation comprise amino resins and co-reactants. The components curable by free radical initiated polymerization comprise acryloyl compounds and allylic or vinylenearylenemethylidyne compounds.

Abstract: An open chain poly Reissert can be formed by the initial reaction of an aromatic dialdehyde (e.g., terephthaldicaboxaldehyde) and ammonia or a primary amine (e.g., methylamine) to form a reaction product which is then reacted with an aliphatic acid chloride (e.g., adipoyl chloride).

Abstract: Hybrid curable compositions comprising components curable by condensation and components curable by free radical initiated polymerization. The components curable by condensation reaction comprise amino resins and co-reactants, the condensation reaction being optionally catalyzed by acid catalysts. The components curable by free radical initiated polymerization comprise acryloyl compounds and allylic or vinylenearylenemethylidyne compounds.

Abstract: A melamine-formaldehyde detackifer having less than 0.15% free formaldehyde comprises a melamine-formaldehyde polymer detackifier to which has been added a formaldehyde scavenging agent comprising an effective amount of urea, and an enhancer selected from glyoxal and acetylacetone. The use of the low free formaldehyde detackifier is also described.

Abstract: According to the present invention, spherical melamine resin particulates having a uniform particle size and crosslinked structure can be prepared by adding an acid catalyst to an aqueous solution containing at least 0.5 to less than 5% by weight of a melamine derivative which is polymerizable in the acid region, to adjust the pH of the aqueous solution to at least 4 to less than 5, and carrying out heat-treatment of the aqueous solution.The spherical melamine resin particulates thus obtained are useful as additives for coating compositions, pigments and other materials.

Abstract: Thermosetting Schiff base resins, their preparation and their applications re described.These thermosetting Schiff base resins can be defined as responding to the general formula: ##STR1## Radicals Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2 and Ar.sub.3 are chosen so that the softening temperature of the resins is less than about 150.degree. C.The resins can be prepared by direct condensation of an ethynyl benzaldehyde or acetophenone on a telechelic diamine oligomer obtained by reaction of a diamine containing flexibilizing groups on a derivative of benzhydrol tetracarboxylic acid. These Schiff base resins can be used by bulk thermal polymerization particularly to prepare adhesives or composite matrices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to copolyethers comprising copolymers of 7,oxa-bicyclo(2,2,1)heptane, and its alkyl-derivatives, with one or more single-ring or condensed-rings cycloaliphatic ethers, comprising the characteristic group; ##STR1## wherein R' is hydrogen and R" is H, a halogen, or an alkyl radical containing a small number of carbon atoms, and which may also be halogen-substituted.If the ether contains one ring only, it contains from 5 to 12 atoms in the ring, and if it contains a condensed-ring system, it contains a total number of from 10 to 18 atoms in the rings.Those copolyethers show a anisotropic behaviour in the molten state, and therefore have liquid-crystal properties.

Abstract: A continuous preparation method of an amino resin particulate having a maximum particle size of 40 .mu.m or less and an average particle size of from 5 to 15 .mu.m is described. The method comprises the steps of reacting amino compounds with aldehydes in the presence of an acid catalyst in an aqueous solution to form a solid product and classifying said solid product in the form of a slurry with a combination of at least two grinders and at least two classifiers.

Abstract: A raw batch composition for use in making a shaped article such as a foundry shape or refractory article is disclosed. The composition comprises a mixture of an aggregate material; a phenol formaldehyde novolak resin; a phenol formaldehyde resole resin; and an ester functional curing agent. A shaped article prepared from the composition and processes for making a refractory body or foundry article are also disclosed.

Abstract: Hybrid curable compositions comprising components curable by condensation and components curable by the free radical initiated polymerization. The components curable by condensation reaction comprise amino resins and co-reactants, the condensation reaction being optionally catalyzed by acid catalysts. The components curable by free radical initiated polymerization comprise acryloyl compounds.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing water-soluble resin and a resin product made by that method, the method including the steps of supplying a volume of an acidic pyrolysis oil, raising the pH of the oil above 7.0 to partially polymerize the oil, and heating the partially polymerized oil to encourage further polymerization to form the resin product.

Abstract: Described herein are amide and/or imide containing polymers based on novel monomers that contain isoalkylidene bridges. These polymers have excellent toughness combined with high temperature stability, low water absorption, and good melt-fabricability.

Abstract: A process for producing a condensed resin dispersion, which comprises subjecting an aldehyde and a compound condensable with the aldehyde, or their precondensate, to a condensation reaction in a dispersion medium consisting essentially of water and/or an organic solvent, to precipitate fine condensed resin particles which hardly settle in said dispersion medium, and then replacing the water and/or the organic solvent by an active hydrogen-containing compound having at least two active hydrogen-containing groups reactive with isocyanate groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a curable composition comprising:(A) at least one aminoplast resin; and(B) an amount effective to cure the composition of at least one catalyst which is a sulfo acid, or an anhydride, ester, ammonium salt or metal salt of the acid.The sulfo acid can be exemplified by sulfonic acids, such as 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, or a reaction product of the sulfonic acid and a phosphorus acid or salt, such as a dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioic acid.The catalyst allows curing of aminoplast resins to be accomplished at low temperatures, while imparting a high degree of water resistance to the cured coating.

Abstract: Highly conjugated organic polymers typically have large non-resonant electronic susceptibilities, which give the molecules unusual optical properties. To enhance these properties, "defects" are introduced into the polymer chain. Examples include light doping of the conjugated polymer and synthesis, conjugated polymers which incorporate either electron donating or accepting groups, and conjugated polymers which contains a photoexcitable species capable of reversibly transferring its electron to an acceptor. Such defects in the chain permit enhancement of the second hyperpolarizability by at least an order of magnitude.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a urea-formaldehyde resin exhibiting reduced gel time and improved stability, wherein the resin contains not more than 10% melamine, which is added during the first stage of the reaction with the other reactants, and wherein the reaction is conducted at an acidic pH.

Abstract: An electroactive polymer is obtained by doping a copolymer represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, furyl, pyridyl, nitrophenyl, chlorophenyl, or methoxyphenyl; l is an integer not smaller than 2; m is an integer not smaller than 1; and n is an integer not smaller than 2.

Abstract: Cationic copolymerization of trioxane and trimethylolpropane (TMP) formal or its ester derivatives yields acetal copolymers having pendant functional groups. The TMP formal or ester derivatives of TMP formal may therefore include functional groups selected from hydroxyl or ester moieties which are protected and thus survive the copolymerization with trioxane. These groups may then be present as functional reactive sites for the subsequent synthesis of block copolymers and/or to chemically bind modifiers to the acetal copolymer backbone, for example.

Abstract: The preparation of aminoplastic resins containing melamine, having very low rates of formaldehyde emission, and being particularly useful for the production of particle boards. In a second stage of the process for preparing the resin, additional NH.sub.2 (melamine and urea) is added to a conventional condensate solution at an increased pH between 6 and 9 so as to lower the F/NH.sub.2 molar ratio to between 0.5 and 0.9. Urea is added in a third stage to obtain an F/NH.sub.2 of between 0.30 and 0.50, with the optional addition of borax.

Abstract: The continuous preparation of melamine/formaldehyde precondensate solutions is carried out by a process in which melamine, formaldehyde and, if required, modifiers and/or additives are metered into a continuous mixer, and the homogeneous mixture is passed into a single-screw or twin-screw extruder, condensed at elevated temperatures, cooled and extruded.

Abstract: Cationic copolymerization of trioxane with glycidyl ester derivatives, preferably glycidyl acrylate derivatives, produces thermally stable, usually cross-linked, acetal copolymer. The resulting acetal copolymer will exhibit side chain ester functionality, and particularly side chain vinyl functionality when glycidyl acrylate derivatives are employed, so as to permit its futher reaction with other chemical moieties to achieve an acetal copolymer of modified chemical and/or physical properties.

Abstract: New aromatic compounds containing at least one cyanate ester and at least one propargyl ether group, each independently directly attached to a ring carbon atom(s), are useful in the preparation of resins having a low dielectric constant.

Abstract: A liquid coating composition is provided which comprises, as a binder, an addition polymer containing on average 2 or more pendant activated unsaturated groups and, as a crosslinking agent, a compound containing on average 2 or more primary amino groups. The pendant activated unsaturated groups of the addition polymer are based upon fumaric, maleic and/or itaconic acid and/or anhydrides thereof. The liquid coating compositions of the present invention provide the particular advantage of rapid cure at ambient temperatures.

Abstract: New process for manufacturing urea/formaldehyde resins.New process, according to which a urea/formaldehyde precondensate containing monomethylolacrylamidomethyleneurea is added to the urea/formaldehyde resins.Applications for the gluing of wood, in aminoplastic resins.

Abstract: Precondensates of urea and formaldehyde containing monomethylolacrylamidomethyleneurea are produced from pure acrylamidomethyleneurea and urea/formaldehyde precondensate or from the starting substances used for the manufacture of acrylamidomethyleneurea with formaldehyde. They are useful additives for aminoplastic resins, which in turn may be used as glue in the manufacture of chipboard sheets.

Abstract: Cationic polymerization of trioxane and a mixture of ester derivatives of .alpha.,.alpha.- and .alpha.,.beta.-isomers of glycerol formal yields acetal terpolymers having pendant functional groups (i.e., ester groups, or hydroxyl groups obtained by hydrolyzing ester groups, pendent from the polymer's backbone). The glycerol formal monomers employed in this invention may include functional groups selected from ester moieties which are protected from, and thus survive, the polymerization process with trioxane. These groups may then be present as functional reactive sites for the subsequent synthesis of block polymers and/or to chemically bind modifiers to the acetal terpolymer backbone, for example.

Abstract: Cationic copolymerization of trioxane and 1,2,6-hexanetriol formal (HTF) or its ester derivatives yields acetal copolymers having pendant functional groups. The HTF formal or ester derivatives of HTF may therefore include functional groups selected from hydroxyl or ester moieties which are protected, and thus survive, the copolymerization with trioxane. These groups may then be present as functional reactive sites for the subsequent synthesis of block copolymers and/or to chemically bind modifiers to the acetal copolymer backbone, for example.

Abstract: Urea-formaldehyde resins which may be cured to give products having a low total extractable formaldehyde content are prepared by the following process:(i) an aqueous solution containing more than 50% formaldehyde and urea are mixed in a formaldehyde:urea molar ratio of 2-3:1 at pH 6-11,(ii) this mixture is heated to at least 80.degree. C.,(iii) a mineral or organic acid is added to bring the mixture to pH 0.5-3.5,(iv) the mixture is heated at a temperature between 80.degree. C. and the reflux temperature, preferably for 15 minutes to 1 hour,(v) keeping the temperature at or above 80.degree. C., a base is added to bring the mixture to pH 6.5-9 and(vi) urea is added to the mixture at a temperature up to 45.degree. C. until the formaldehyde:urea molar ratio is within the range 0.8-1.8:1.

Abstract: Urea-formaldehyde resins which may be cured to give products having a low total extractable formaldehyde content are prepared by the following process:(i) aqueous 30-50% formaldehyde and urea are mixed in a formaldehyde:urea molar ratio of 2-3:1 at pH 6-11,(ii) this mixture is heated to at least 50.degree. C., preferably to at least 80.degree. C.,(iii) a mineral or organic acid is added to bring the mixture to pH 0.5-3.5,(iv) the mixture is heated at a temperature between 80.degree. C. and the reflux temperature, preferably for 15 minutes to 1 hour,(v) keeping the temperature at or above 80.degree. C., a base is added to bring the mixture to pH 6.5-9 and(vi) urea is added until the formaldehyde:urea molar ratio is within the range 0.8-8:1.In a modification of the process, solid particulate resins are obtained by reacting the mixture from step (v) with urea at a pH below 7 to increase the viscosity thereof, adding a base until the mixture reaches a pH of 6.5-9 and dehydrating the resulting mixture.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved adhesive composition for wood gluing, comprising a formaldehyde condensation resin and a minor amount of a surface active agent. This invention further provides a method for manufacture of composite wood products comprising applying an adhesive composition, which includes a formaldehyde condensation resin and a small amount of a surface active agent, to the wood and curing the adhesive.

Abstract: Curing aminoplastic resins containing urea and melamine by adding as the curing catalyst, a triazinone derivative.

Abstract: A process for curing aminoplast resins using a catalyst comprising a hexamethylenetetramine salt of a strong acid, resins produced according to the process, and the use of such resins in the manufacture of particle boards.

Abstract: Acetal polymer having a high degree of polymerization is obtained using a catalyst of a heteropoly acid or an acid salt thereof in a small amount. The catalyst is represented by formula:H.sub.x [M.sub.m .multidot.M'.sub.n O.sub.l ]yH.sub.2 O (1)whereinM: a central element constituted of at least one member selected from among P, B, Si, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, U, Mn, Re, Cu, Ni, Ti, Co, Fe, Cr, Th and Ce,M': at least one ligand element selected from among W, Mo, V and Nb, m: 1 to 10, n: 6 to 40, l: 10 to 100, x: an integer of 1 or above, and y: 0 to 50.

Abstract: There are provided new articles comprising elements having surfaces bonded together with a bonding resin which is an elastomeric copolymer of about 15 to 45 mol %, preferably about 25 to 35 mol % trioxane, about 55 to 85 mol %, preferably about 65 to 75 mol % of 1,3-dioxolane, said mol percents based on the total of trioxane and 1,3-dioxolane, and about 0.005 to 0.15 wt. %, preferably about 0.05 to 0.12 wt. % of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether or butadiene diepoxide as a bifunctional monomer, based on the total weight of copolymer. Preferably, at least one of said surfaces, and more preferably at least two of said surfaces bonded to each other are of a crystalline acetal polymer comprising at least 85 mol % of polymerized oxymethylene units.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic organic substance having a triaryl methane structure and a free radical concentration of methine carbon positions of at least 10.sup.17 radicals/g, preferably at least 10.sup.18 radials/g, is provided by polycondensing a condensed polynuclear aromatic compound or an electron donating group substituted monocyclic aromatic compound with an aromatic aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst, to produce a precondensate having a softening point between 30.degree. C. and 120.degree. C. and being soluble in various organic solvents, and subjecting the resulting precondensate to a dehydrogenation treatment and a purification treatment, followed by molding.

Abstract: Provided is a copolymer having a repeating unit represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Ar represents ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, furyl, pyridyl, chlorophenyl, nitrophenyl or methoxyphenyl, n is 1 or more and an electroactive polymer obtained by doping the above copolymer.

Abstract: Polymers are provided that are useful for making biodegradable sustained release agent dispensers and which contain at least one of the following mer units (I) and (II) ##STR1## wherein X is a quadrivalent organic grouping, A and B are hydrogen or lower alkyl, and R is hydrocarbyl or oxyhydrocarbyl of 1 to 14 carbon atoms and, if oxyhydrocarbyl, containing 1 to 4 oxy groups, and may be either aliphatic or aryl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more lower alkyl, amino, nitro or halogen moieties. Methods of synthesizing the novel polymers are also provided, as biodegradable beneficial agent dispensers prepared using the novel polymers.

Abstract: There is disclosed a biaxially oriented film formed of film forming composition comprising a polyoxymethylene polymer in which the major constituent of the main chains of said polymer each of consists substantially of repeating units of oxymethylene group --CH.sub.2 --O--, said film being characterized in that, when said film is remelted at a temperature above the melting point of said film and the resulting melt is recrystallized isothermally at 140.degree. C. into a solid in film form, the number of polyoxymethylene spherulites in the crystal structure at the surface of the resulting film would be at least 50 per 0.1 mm.sup.2 area of the resulting film surface, as measured with a polarizing microscope through cross-polarizers, and a process for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: There are provided new elastomeric copolymers of about 15 to 45 mol %, preferably about 25 to 35 mol % trioxane, about 55 to 85 mol %, preferably about 65 to 75 mol % of 1,3-dioxolane, said mol percents based on the total of trioxane and 1,3-dioxolane, and about 0.005 to 0.15 wt. %, preferably about 0.05 to 0.12 wt. % of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether or butadiene diepoxide as a bifunctional monomer, based on the total weight of copolymer. The elastomeric copolymers may be prepared by mixing said monomers in a substantially dry state and under an inert atmosphere with a cationic polymerization catalyst, e.g., p-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate. The elastomeric copolymers have a strong interaction with moldable, crystalline acetal polymers comprising at least 85 mol % of polymerized oxymethylene units and may be used as a blending agent with such crystalline acetal polymers or as a bonding agent to improve the adhesiveness of the crystalline acetal polymer to other materials.