Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of d-tagatose from lactose after acid hydrolysis to provide a hydrolysate having 1 equiv of d-glucose and 1 equiv of d-galactose for each unit of lactose converted. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for the isomerization of d-galactose to d-tagatose and the use of a simplified separation scheme based on simulated moving bed (SMB) separation. The isomerization of d-galactose to d-tagatose is carried out in the presence of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. The process is useful for providing a simplified processing route to providing pure d-tagatose and glucose as two products from lactose hydrolysate. In an alternate embodiment, a process is disclosed for the production of d-tagatose from fermented lactose hydrolysate to provide a crystallized d-tagatose product. D-tagatose is useful as a food additive, as a sweetener, as a texturizer, as a stabilizer, or as a humectant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation for a crystalline form of 1-chloro-4-(?-D-glucopyranos-1-yl)-2-[4-((S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)-benzyl]-benzene. In addition the invention relates to a crystalline form obtainable by this method, to a pharmaceutical composition and to the use thereof for preparing medicaments.

Abstract: ?-Lactosamine hydrochloride, substantially free of ?-lactosamine hydrochloride; a method of preparing ?-lactosamine hydrochloride monohydrate from an anomeric mixture of lactosamine hydrochloride, including: preparing a solution including the anomeric mixture of lactosamine hydrochloride, water and at least one water-miscible organic solvent at a temperature of 0-100° C., and cooling the solution to cause crystallization of ?-lactosamine hydrochloride monohydrate; a method of preparing anhydrous ?-lactosamine hydrochloride; and use of ?-lactosamine hydrochloride as a food supplement or intermediate in synthesis.

Abstract: We disclose the synthesis and use of chiral ionic liquids based on a substituted pentose, furanose, hexose, or pyranose sugar. The compounds and processes to make or use them are provided.

Abstract: A process for the ultrapurification of alginates is provided. In particular, the process may be used for microencapsulation in human cell transplants.

Abstract: Methods for purifying fucoidan in extracts from brown seaweed are disclosed. In particular, methods of purifying fucoidan in the extract to remove heavy metal ions, bacterial and endotoxin contaminants, and other impurities are disclosed. The methods include the use of a chelating agent, selective precipitation, and filtration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a cereal bran product containing beta-glucan. According to the method, a plastic mass is formed from cereal bran by means of a thermo-mechanical treatment, and the mass is brought into contact with an enzyme that breaks up beta-glucan, with or without an enzyme that breaks up starch. After inactivating the enzyme, the bran is dried and, when so needed, ground. The cereal bran product manufactured according to the method has an essentially inextensible structure in a water environment. The product is suitable to be added to aqueous foodstuffs or to foodstuffs, the manufacture of which employs water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a filtering apparatus and method for mixing a compound of solid and fluid phases, separating the phases and/or extracting fluid from the compound. One embodiment of the invention discloses a filtering apparatus comprising a first filter section accommodating a first group of filter members, and a second filter section accommodating a second group of filter members, a piping system providing pipelined fluid communication between the filter sections and between a filter section and said filter section's corresponding group of filter members, the piping system configured such that the filter members form filtered fluid openings of the filtering apparatus, and circulation means, such as a pump, configured for passing fluid in a forward flow and/or in a reverse flow between the filter sections. In particular the invention may be used for the mashing process in a beer brewing procedure.

Abstract: A micro channel for recovering nucleic acid from a biological sample treated with a chaotropic ion, include an integrated portion composed of silica micro beads having a pore size of from 6 to 29 nm is formed in the channel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes useful in the isolation and purification of enfumafungin, which is classified as a triterpene glycoside antifungal compound and acts as a glucan synthase inhibitor. Enfumafungin has application in the treatment of conditions caused by fungal infection and is also useful as an intermediate in the preparation of other compounds useful as antifungal agents and/or inhibitors of (1,3)-?-D-glucan synthesis.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions of the capsular polysaccharide/adhesin (PS/A) of staphylococci. The PS/A may be isolated or synthesized and includes various modifications to the structure of native PS/A based on the chemical characterization of PS/A. The invention also relates to the use of the PS/A as a vaccine for inducing active immunity to infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, other related coagulase-negative staphylococci and organisms carrying the ica (intracellular adhesin) locus, and to the use of antibodies directed to PS/A for inducing passive immunity to the same class of infections.

Abstract: A method for producing starch hydrolysate that includes processing in a high shear device a hydrolytic solution having a component selected from the group consisting of acids, hydrolytic enzymes, and combinations thereof, and an aqueous starch solution to produce a dispersion, wherein the high shear device is configured with a rotor and a stator; and transferring the dispersion from the high shear device to a reactor from which a starch hydrolysate product comprising dextrose is removed, wherein the operating temperature within the reactor is maintained at a temperature of less than about 160° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nanofiltration process for enriching and concentrating a neutral organic compound into the permeated liquid with negative retention.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for separating ionic impurities from monosaccharide processing streams using simulated moving bed chromatography.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved methods for purifying polysaccharides from cellular components, such as a cell wall. The method relates to hydrolyzing and separating the polysaccharides, thereby resulting in purified polysaccharides useful for producing antigens, antibodies, and vaccines comprising the polysaccharides alone or conjugated to carrier molecules. This method is simple, rapid, efficient, scalable, and reproducible.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for isolating substantially pure and undegraded DNA from biological material via a solid support. The methods may use a DNA lysing solution that comprises a surfactant, a DNA-complexing salt (e.g., a lithium salt), and a buffer. Alternatively, the methods may use a solid support pre-treated with the DNA lysing solution.

Abstract: Methods of making glucose and/or furfural from biomass require one or more supercritical fluids that may be used to process biomass, cellulose from the biomass, and/or xylose from the biomass. Examples of supercritical fluids for use in processing biomass include ethanol, water, and carbon dioxide at a temperature and pressure above the critical points for ethanol and carbon dioxide but at a temperature and/or pressure below that of the critical point for water. A supercritical fluid containing carbon dioxide and water may be used to convert cellulose to glucose or convert xylose to furfural. The fluid has a temperature and pressure above the critical point of carbon dioxide, but at least one of the temperature and pressure is below the critical point for water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydrolyzing cellulose, comprising: (a) contacting cellulose with a fluid mixture comprising supercritical CO2 and sub-critical or near-critical water to form a reactant mixture at a first temperature and first pressure for a first time period, wherein a reaction occurs and forms one or more hydrolysis products; (b) quenching the reaction; and (c) recovering at least one hydrolysis product.

Abstract: A method for preparing sucralose with high yield, comprising the following preparation steps: First, negative effects of other impurities on reaction are reduced by first preparing a pure Vilsmeier chlorinating reagent. Second, side reactions are prevented by adding composite catalyst to increase selectivity of chlorination reaction. Third, by extracting less polar impurities using less polar solvent when sucralose-6-ester is undergoing deesterification, products are qualified at the very first time so that refining steps are avoided. Accordingly, product loss is reduced and product yield is increased. By using the present invention to prepare sucralose, product yield could be increased to more than 40%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing impurities from biopolymer material, e.g. polysaccharides, polypeptides or polynucleotides. More particularly, the present invention provides a method of reducing lipopolysaccharide levels in a lipopolysaccharide containing biopolymer material, comprising the successive steps of: a) providing an aqueous solution containing 0.05-50 wt. % of dissolved lipopolysaccharide-containing biopolymer material; 0.001-10 wt.% of a surfactant; 0.05-15 wt. % of solid adsorbent; and at least 50 wt. % of water; b) allowing the adsorbent to adsorb lipopolysaccharides; c) separating the solid adsorbent containing adsorbed lipopolysaccharides from the remaining aqueous solution; and d) recovering the biopolymer material containing a reduced level of lipopolysaccharide from the separated aqueous solution.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel starchy substance having a retrogradation-resistance, a process for producing the starchy substance efficiently from a material starch by enzymatic reaction, and uses thereof. The present invention attains the above object by providing branched starch having 6-?-maltosyl- and/or 6-?-maltotetraosyl-structure(s) with a marked retrogradation-resistance, a process for producing the branched starch without lowering the molecular weight of material starch, and uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing D-psicose crystals from a D-psicose solution by using supersaturation.

Abstract: This invention relates a cellulose solution comprising cellulose and at least one tetraalkylammonium alkylphosphate and processes to produce the cellulose solution. Another aspect of this invention relates to shaped articles prepared from a cellulose solution comprising cellulose and at least one tetraalkylammonium alkylphosphate. Another embodiment of this invention relates to compositions comprising derivatives of cellulose prepared from a cellulose solution comprising at least one tetraalkylammonium alkylphosphate. Another embodiment of this invention relates to compositions comprising regioselectively substituted cellulose esters prepared from a cellulose solution comprising cellulose and at least one tetraalkylammonium alkylphosphate. In another embodiment of the invention, the cellulose esters of the present invention are used as protective and compensation films for liquid crystalline displays.

Abstract: Method of producing granulated maltitol, including the stages: preparing maltitol syrup having less than 50 wt.% dry matter and greater than 70 wt.% maltitol, introducing to a fluidized air bed granulator, a pulverulent bed of crystallized maltitol with a concentration at least equal to 99 wt.% and a mean diameter between 30 and 100 ?m, controlling the air inlet temperature between 100 and 120° C. and air velocity between 1 and 2 m/s, fine spraying the maltitol syrup into the granulator, at between 35 and 45° C., onto the moving pulverulent bed; the bed being between 30 and 60° C.; the mass of the bed representing constantly at least 2.5 times the mass of the sprayed syrup, drying, after fine spraying, by raising the air temperature below the melting point of maltitol to obtain a bed temperature between 70 and 80° C., cooling the granulated maltitol to at most 25° C. and collecting.

Abstract: A preparation of a kind of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 medicinal composition aqueous solution containing ginsenoside Rg3 0.5˜10 mg/ml: add 0.1-5% of ginsenoside solution to 0.1˜30% of adjuvant A, B{circle around (1)}{circle around (2)}{circle around (5)} at the temperature of 40˜100° C., the ratio of these two is 1:1˜300, add water after the solvent is recycled under reduced pressure; another kind of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 medicinal composition aqueous solution contains 0.1˜2 mg/ml of 20(R) of the ginsenoside Rg3, the preparation: add 0.1˜5% of ginsenoside solution to 20˜65% of adjuvant B{circle around (3)}{circle around (4)} at the temperature of 60˜100° C., main material to adjuvant B=1:100˜400, add water after the solvent is recycled under reduced pressure.

Abstract: Polymers useful as catalysts in non-enzymatic saccharification processes are provided. Provided are also methods for hydrolyzing cellulosic materials into monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides using these polymeric acid catalysts.

Abstract: A method of removing a carboxylic acid from a liquid that contains a tertiary amide solvent includes a step of contacting the liquid with an extraction medium comprising an amine. The amine is immiscible with both water and the tertiary amide solvent, and the contacting step forms a de-acidified phase containing the tertiary amide solvent and a phase containing the extraction medium and the carboxylic acid. Both the liquid that contains the tertiary amide solvent and the de-acidified phase may also contain a sucrose-6-acylate.

Abstract: Provided is a novel method for separating water-soluble biological substances. A separating agent is composed by bonding a polysaccharide such as cellulose or amylose to the surface of a carrier by chemical bonding, and water-soluble biological substances are separated from a mixture of two or more types of water-soluble biological substances by chromatography using the separating agent.

Abstract: Processes for producing dairy products having lower levels of neutral lipids, and/or higher levels of polar lipids, by extraction using near critical carbon dioxide or dimethyl ether. These products may be used as ingredients in infant formulas. Infant formulas containing beta-serum are also claimed. “Beta-serum” means an aqueous dairy ingredient separated from dairy streams containing greater than 60% fat which have been through phase inversion from an oil-in-water to a water-in-oil emulsion, such as the serum produced during the production of butter oil.

Abstract: A method is provided for extraction of chemical compounds from an organism having a cell wall that includes adding nanomaterials, which may be metallic nanofibers such as silver nanofibers, to the organism.

Abstract: Nutritional compositions, formulations, and intermediates are provided which may be utilized to formulate various sweeteners and other products. The formulations described herein are made from constituents found in soils or fossilized soils.

Abstract: The present invention describes natamycin comprising needle shaped crystals.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses classical cannabinoid metabolites and uses thereof.

Abstract: A process of treating polymeric nanofiltration membranes before separation of low molecular weight compounds from a solution comprising the same by nanofiltration, characterized in that the treatment of the nanofiltration membranes is performed with an organic liquid under conditions which enhance the flux of the low molecular weight compounds to the nanofiltration permeate.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method for the crystallization of fucose, characterized in that the crystallization is carried out from a mixture comprising fucose and at least one 6-deoxy sugar selected from 6-deoxy-talose and 6-deoxy-gulose. In one embodiment, the mixture comprises fucose and 6-deoxy-talose.

Abstract: During the production of recombinant proteins from gram negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxin) are released along with the protein of interest. In many instances, LPS will copurify with the target protein due to specific or non-specific protein-ILPS interactions. We have investigated the ability of alkanediols to effect the separation of LPS from protein-LPS complexes while the complexes are immobilized on anion or cation exchange chromatographic media. Alkanediols provide a safer alternative to the use of other organics such as alcohols or acetonitrile due to their lower toxicity and decreased flammability. In addition, they are less costly than many of the detergents that have been used for such purposes. LPS removal efficiency increased with increasing alkane chain length. 1,2-alkanediols were more effective than terminal alkanediols in the separation of LPS from protein LPS complexes.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a industrially appropriate method for producing the ?-anomers of ribofuranose derivatives in a highly selective manner at a high yield. The present invention provides a method for producing ribofuranose derivatives wherein ?-anomers is precipitated from among the generated furanose derivatives by controlling the amount of a reaction reagent used and/or using a poor solvent in the acetolysis reactions of 2,3,5-tri-O-acyl-1-O-alkyl-ribofuranose and 2,3-di-O-acyl-1-O-alkyl-5-deoxy-ribofuranose.

Abstract: An adsorbent that enables solid phase extraction with high efficiency and good selectivity of solutes having a broad chromatographic polarity range including high-polarity solute molecules while suppressing adsorption of impurities, and a solid phase extraction method therefor are provided. A heterocyclic-ring-containing copolymer adsorbent that is provided herein comprises a copolymer that comprises: a multifunctional heterocyclic-ring-containing monomer having a heterocyclic ring containing at least two heteroatoms in the ring system; and a monomer that is copolymerizable with the multifunctional heterocyclic-ring-containing monomer, wherein the multifunctional heterocyclic ring constitutes the main chain structure.

Abstract: The present invention describes sulodexide or at least one of its components for use in the reduction of circulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), in particular MMP-9. Sulodexide and its composition are useful for the treatment of pathologies wherein the MMPs are involved, such as cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease caused by diabetes, varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), gastrointestinal ulcers, pulmonary disease, and neoplastic pathologies.

Abstract: Concentrated sugar solutions obtained from polysaccharide enriched biomass by contacting biomass with water and at least one nucleophilic base to produce a polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising a solid fraction and a liquid fraction and then contacting enriched biomass with a dilute mineral acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or a combination thereof, to produce an intermediate saccharification product, which is contacted with an enzyme consortium to produce a final saccharification product comprising fermentable sugars.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new streptavidin muteins. This mutein is The muteins are capable of oligomerization to form tetramers, with relatively strong subunit interactions, dissociation constant (KD) for biotin in this mutein in the range of 10?7 to 10?8M, off-rate (koff) for the bound biotin in the streptavidin-biotin complex in the range of 10?4 sec?1, stable enough to allow reuse, and producible producable with reasonable production yield via secretion in a soluble functional state without the requirement of refolding streptavidin via the tedious and expensive denaturation and renaturation processes.

Abstract: Strongly acidic cation exchangers with high mechanical, osmotic and oxidation stability can be prepared by sulfonating bead polymers formed from one or more vinylaromatic monomer(s), one or more crosslinker(s) and from 0.2 to 20% by weight of one or more vinyl ethers and/or vinyl esters.

Abstract: A simple, inexpensive, and efficient method for separation and purification of the ?-and ?-forms of penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG) without the need for HPLC. The methods provided herein are useful for separation ?-PGG or ?-PGG from a mixture containing ?-PGG and ?-PGG and other chemicals. The method for separation of ?-PGG from a mixture of ?-PGG and ?-PGG comprises the steps of: adding water to a sample containing 50% or more ?-PGG and 50% or less ?-PGG; mixing the PGG and water to dissolve the PGG; filtering out any undissolved particles; and allowing the filtered solution to stand undisturbed until crystals form.

Abstract: A method and a device for making reducing sugar firstly combine a bio-substance containing lignocellulose with a solvent, thereby conducting a degradation reaction upon afore mixture through an autoclave so as to promote the bio-substance to solvent ratio during the production. Thus, a reducing sugar solution of a high concentration is produced. In the meantime, the bio-substance containing lignocellulose does not need a high-temperatured steaming after the degradation. Therefore, the water amount and the energy resources that are applied in the present invention are less than those of the conventional technique. Further, the autoclave is a common apparatus in the market, which facilitates in an easy purchase, decreases the producing cost, and benefits the product promotion.

Abstract: A method comprises preventing or inhibiting bacterial adhesion and/or bacterial biofilm development by treating a substrate with a composition of a soluble group II capsular polysaccharide obtained from a bacterial strain.

Abstract: A water-soluble cellulose ether is separated from its suspension by passing a suspension of water-soluble cellulose ether particles in water through a filter of perforated metallic or ceramic filter medium under pressure, removing the filter cake of water-soluble cellulose ether from the filter medium, and cleaning the filter medium with steam, compressed air or water under pressure. The invention enables to separate a water-soluble cellulose ether, especially having a high dissolution temperature, avoids the filter from being clogged, and extends the operative time of the filter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel process which has low facility load, requires a reduced amount of energy, is highly safe, and enables to produce a monosaccharide such as glucose and xylose by decomposing a cellulose-based substance under conditions where a substance used for decomposing the cellulose-based substance (e.g., a solvent, a catalyst) can be separated, collected and re-used readily. Also disclosed is a novel process for producing ethanol from the monosaccharide through ethanol fermentation. Specifically disclosed is a process for producing a monosaccharide, which comprises disaggregating/finely pulverizing a cellulose-based substance, mixing the resulting material with a phosphate solution to disperse the resulting material in the phosphate solution, and decomposing cellulose in the solution at a temperature of 100° C. or lower while irradiating with ultraviolet ray optionally in the presence of titanium dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method of hydrolyzing a cellulose, hemicellulose, or ligno-cellulose comprising: (a) contacting (i) an ionic liquid (IL) or ionic liquid-aqueous (ILA) phase comprising cellulose, hemicellulose, or ligno-cellulose, or a mixture thereof, and (ii) an acid, such that the cellulose, hemicellulose, or ligno-cellulose is hydrolyzed into sugar, and (b) optionally adding water to the IL or ILA phase wherein the proportion of water in the IL or ILA phase does not exceed about 60% by weight. The present invention also provides for a method of recovering a sugar comprising contacting an IL or ILA phase and an organic phase comprising an organic acid.

Abstract: The method of forming a filter cake from a slurry comprising the steps of feeding the slurry into a filter housing, wherein the filter housing includes a plurality of vertical filter elements; pressing the slurry into the filter housing against the filter elements resulting in i) a filtrate passing through the filter elements and exiting out an exhaust port of the filter housing; ii) forming a solid cake on the filter elements; feeding a wash liquid into the filter housing while draining out the slurry by opening the slurry drain valve; closing the slurry drain valve and then continually feeding wash liquid through the cake and into the filter tube of the filter housing; stopping the feed of wash liquid; introducing a gas into the filter housing and draining out the wash liquid by opening a bottom drain valve; stopping the gas flow and opening a drain to exit most of the gas and remaining wash liquid; opening the bottom cake discharge valve; and back pulsing by a gas to break and to release the filter cake fr

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for increasing the level of soluble C5 saccharides produced from lignocellulosic biomass comprising acidifying fractionated lignocellulosic biomass to prevent the recondensation of soluble C5 saccharides, including C5 oligosaccharides and xylose and arabinose monomers, to insoluble higher molecular weight C5 oligosaccharides.