Abstract: Methods are disclosed for increasing the level of C5 monosaccharides produced from lignocellulosic biomass using a multistage fractionation process to handle recalcitrant C5 oligosaccharides without producing unwanted degradation products. Methods for reducing C5 monosaccharides degradation products produced from lignocellulosic biomass are also disclosed. In addition, compositions and products produced by the methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Fire extinguishing compositions and methods of extinguishing a fire comprising compounds of formula (I) where Rf is a fluorocarbon group. The compounds and compositions described herein are useful as intermediates in the preparation of or as additives to AFFF (aqueous film forming foam) formulations used for the extinguishment of fuel and solvent fires.

Abstract: Disclosed is the preparation of 2-deoxy-D-erythro-2,2-difluoro-ribofuranose-3,5-dibenzoate, a known intermediate for the preparation of Gemcitabine, by means of a reduction process; further disclosed is the purification of Gemcitabine by chromatography and the purification of Gemcitabine hydrochloride by crystallization techniques from ternary solvent mixtures. The main advantage of the invention is providing Gemcitabine hydrochloride with purity in conformity with the Pharmacopoeia requirements, as well as a process particularly convenient from the industrial point of view.

Abstract: A process for sterilizing a solution comprising hyaluronic acid. The process comprises providing an aqueous solution of hyaluronic acid with a weight average molecular weight from 0.6 MDa to 3.6 MDa, and the concentration of the hyaluronic acid is from 0.04% to 0.8% by weight. The aqueous solution also has an ionic strength equivalent to an aqueous concentration of sodium chloride from 3% to 30% by weight. Once the aqueous, high salt, hyaluronic acid solution is prepared the solution is maintained at a temperature from 40° C. to 80° C. for at least 1 hour and not longer than six days. Following the heat treatment step, the aqueous solution is filtered through a sterilization filter medium to provide a sterilized high salt, hyaluronic acid solution.

Abstract: Described is a method for preparing a purified liquid containing carbohydrates. The method comprises the steps of: hydrolysing starch to a dextrose equivalent (DE) of 10 or above, thus obtaining a liquid of carbohydrates; removing a heavy weight sludge fraction from the light weight liquid of carbohydrates using centrifugation; filtering the remaining liquid of carbohydrates, the filter being capable of retaining coarser particles while allowing particles with a diameter less than 2 ?m to pass; performing membrane separation on the filtered liquid of carbohydrates using a membrane having a pore size at 2 ?m or below; and recovering a permeate stream of purified liquid containing carbohydrates. Also disclosed in a plant for performing the method.

Abstract: Polymers useful as catalysts in non-enzymatic saccharification processes are provided. Provided are also methods for hydrolyzing cellulosic materials into monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides using these polymeric acid catalysts.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method for crystallizing sucralose, which uses an alcohol solvent or a mixed solvent of alcohol and other solvent(s) in the crystallization of sucralose.

Abstract: A spin column device, which contains a rigid porous filter that retains its shape during centrifugation, chromatography methods using the device to isolate a desired substance, e.g., a biological molecule, from other substances in a mixture, and kits containing the device with one or more reagents for use in the method.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for alcohol production from a cellulosic material wherein a said cellulosic material is subjected to acid hydrolysis to yield an aqueous hydrolysate, said hydrolysate is introduced into a separator at a hydrolysate inlet, an extraction solvent is introduced into said separator at at least two extraction solvent inlets, a residue containing oligosaccharides is removed from said separator at a residue discharge outlet, and acid-containing extraction solvent is removed from said separator at an extraction solvent discharge outlet, wherein removal of said extraction solvent from said separator through said discharge outlet occurs downstream of at least one said extraction solvent inlet and upstream of at least one other said extraction solvent inlet.

Abstract: Object: To provide a thermostable L-ribose isomerase. Means for Resolution: The thermostable L-ribose isomerase with MW. 32,000 (by SDS-PAGE), optimal temperature of 45° C., optimal pH of pH 9.0 (glycine-NaOH buffer), and stable physicochemical properties such as temperature stability up to 45° C. during thermal treatment at pH 9.0 for 10 minutes, and with an action to isomerize L-ribose to generate L-ribulose or of inversely to isomerize L-ribulose to generate L-ribose.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for separating components of a solid feedstock, in particular lignocellulosic solid biomass feedstock, and a method for using the same. The apparatus feeds the solid feedstock in one direction and provides a reaction fluid or an extraction fluid in an opposite direction of the solid feedstock to rapidly separate various components from the solid feedstock.

Abstract: A process for the purification of aqueous feed streams containing sucralose and/or sucralose 6-esters includes, providing an aqueous feed stream including the sucralose and/or sucralose 6-esters, concentrating the aqueous feed stream to form a concentrated aqueous feed stream containing at least 10 wt % total carbohydrates and extracting the concentrated aqueous feed stream with an organic solvent and producing an organic extract and an aqueous extract, in which the organic solvent is immiscible with water, and in which the carbohydrate preferentially passes into the organic extract.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for separating or purifying biopolymer conjugated molecules from unconjugated molecules. In particular, methods are described for purifying a PEGylated protein or oligonucleotide from an unPEGylated protein or oligonucleotide, respectively. The methods are quick and efficient separation methods because they do not require gradient chromatography, fractionation of an eluent or analysis of the eluted fractions. Further, the methods increase yield and purity of the biopolymer conjugated molecule.

Abstract: Strongly acidic cation exchangers with high mechanical, osmotic and oxidation stability can be prepared by sulfonating bead polymers formed from one or more vinylaromatic monomer(s), one or more crosslinker(s) and from 0.2 to 20% by weight of one or more vinyl ethers and/or vinyl esters.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for preparing methylhydroxyalkylcellulose having a small number of colored particles by separation of methylhydroxyalkylcellulose from aqueous suspension with subsequent washing of the methylhydroxyalkylcellulose using a specially equipped rotary pressure filter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microcrystallized polyol comprising at least two polyols, wherein said polyols are selected from the group consisting of maltitol, xylitol and lactitol and wherein said composition contains at least 35% by weight of each of at least two of said polyols microcrystallized together into a solid microcrystalline product. The present invention also relates to a process for the microcrystallization of polyols into a polyol composition. The microcrystallized polyol composition can be used in confectionery, foodstuffs, oral hygiene products and pharmaceuticals and in dietetic products.

Abstract: A solute is precipitated from a solution of a solute, a solvent and a non-solvent by preparing the solutions and introducing the solution into a precipitation chamber contain a supercritical fluid.

Abstract: A method for isolating a target bioentity from a biological sample, comprises contacting the biological sample with a magnetically-labelled ligand having selective binding affinity for the target bioentity, or for a determinant on the target bioentity, to form a target bioentity/labelled ligand complex, locating a separation module having a defined fluid flow path in the magnetic field of a magnetic module, the magnetic module comprising an array of at least two magnets in which adjacent magnets in the array are aligned with opposing polarity; passing the biological sample through the separation module to subject the biological sample to the magnetic field while the sample is passing through the defined fluid flow path to magnetically capture the target bioentity/labelled ligand complex by arresting or hindering movement of the complex within the defined fluid flow path; removing the separation module from the magnetic field; and recovering the target bioentity/labelled ligand complex from the fluid flow path

Abstract: A composition of a loose mass of comminuted raw cotton linter fibers has a bulk density of at least 8 g/100 ml and at least 50% of the fibers in the mass passes through a US standard sieve size #10 (2 mm opening). This composition is made by obtaining a loose mass of first cut, second cut, third cut, or mill runs raw cotton linters or mixtures thereof and comminuting the loose mass of raw cotton linters to a size wherein at least 50% pass through a US standard sieve size #10 (2 mm opening). This composition is used to make cellulose ether derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying biomolecules or for analyzing whether an aqueous phase contains biomolecules by means of magnetic separation. The invention further relates to uses, to devices, and to kits that relate to the method according to the invention.

Abstract: A method of extracting starch from corn. The method comprises steeping ground corn in a mixture of ammonium hydroxide and water, for a period of between 45 minutes and 20 hours wherein the mixture has a pH level between about 11.3 and 11.4. This method provides the advantage of extracting starch from corn with higher yields in less time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for extracting organic molecules and/or organic minerals from a limestone material, including placing said limestone material in contact with a solution including at least one organic solvent, water and at least one acid, as well as to the organic molecules and/or organic minerals produced by the method. The products produced by the method can be used, for example, in therapeutic and non-therapeutic fields, in particular the agri-food, cosmetic and medical fields.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine monohydrate of formula (I) a specific intermediate in the synthesis of N-Acetyl-neuraminic acid, that is an important starting product for the synthesis of various pharmaceutically active products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of purifying glucose polymers for the production of peritoneal dialysis solutions, characterized in that it includes at least one step of processing activated carbon and/or granular black, at least one sterilizing filtration step, at least one heat treatment step, and at least one ultrafiltration step.

Abstract: A method for producing biofuels is provided. A method of making biofuels includes dewatering substantially intact algal cells to make an algal biomass, sequentially adding solvent sets to the algal biomass, and sequentially separating solid biomass fractions from liquid fractions to arrive at a liquid fraction comprising neutral lipids. The method also includes esterifying the neutral lipids, separating a water miscible fraction comprising glycerin from a water immiscible fraction comprising fuel esters, carotenoids, and omega-3 fatty acids. The method also includes obtaining a C16 or shorter fuel esters fraction, a C16 or longer fuel ester fraction, and a residue comprising carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids. The method includes hydrogenating and deoxygenating at least one of (i) the C16 or shorter fuel esters to obtain a jet fuel blend stock and (ii) the C16 or longer fuel esters to obtain a diesel blend stock.

Abstract: A method of isolating nutraceuticals products from algae is provided. A method of isolating carotenoids and omega-3 rich oil from algae includes dewatering substantially intact algal cells to make an algal biomass and adding a first ethanol fraction to the algal biomass. The method also includes separating a first substantially solid biomass fraction from a first substantially liquid fraction comprising proteins and combining the first substantially solid biomass fraction with a second ethanol fraction. The method further includes separating a second substantially solid biomass fraction from a second substantially liquid fraction comprising polar lipids and combining the second substantially solid biomass fraction with a third ethanol solvent fraction.

Abstract: Strongly acidic cation exchangers with high mechanical, osmotic and oxidation stability can be prepared by sulfonating bead polymers formed from one or more vinylaromatic monomer(s), one or more crosslinker(s) and from 0.2 to 20% by weight of one or more vinyl ethers and/or vinyl esters.

Abstract: Methods and electroporation devices for electrical treatment of algal cell cultures for release of lipids and proteins are described herein. The method of the present invention exploits the differences in electrical time constants for the media inside the cell and outside the cell to produce a net force to cause cellular lysis and extract cellular components. The method of the present invention can be used in the treatment of flocculated as well as unflocculated algal cell cultures. The device of the present invention provides efficient cell lysing in a low-energy cost set-up.

Abstract: The invention relates to a protein particle comprising chimeric protein having an aggregating part capable of forming or aggregating into a substantially insoluble protein particle when expressed by a cell; and a functional part capable of binding to, or being bound by, a target compound. Affinity matrixes comprising the protein particle are also provided.

Abstract: Tissue solubilizing compositions are provided. The compositions comprise 3-(decyl dimethyl ammonio) propane sulfonate and polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether, such as tetraethylene glycol dodecyl ether. The compositions may be useful to solubilize tissue, including skin, mucosal membrane, and other tissue. The compositions may be further useful to preserve and recover analytes contained within the solubilized skin, mucosal membrane, and other tissue.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process to produce a composition containing 5?-ribonucleotides wherein a microorganism is subjected to autolysis under conditions at which a substantial part of the RNA remains in a form degradable into 5?-ribonucleotides and at which a substantial part of the RNA remains associated with the cell wall fraction. Said cell wall fraction is recovered by a solid/liquid separation method and the RNA associated with said wall fraction is converted into 5?-ribonucleotides. The present invention also describes compositions containing 5?-ribonucleotides and their use in food or feed.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing alcohol from a cellulosic material, said process comprising the steps of: (i) hydrolyzing said cellulosic material with an aqueous acid to produce a hydrolysate; (ii) extracting acid and water from said hydrolysate with a water-miscible organic extraction solvent to yield (a) a first aqueous acidic solution containing said extraction solvent and (b) a residue containing sugars, (iii) subjecting said residue to an oligosaccharide cleavage reaction to yield an aqueous solution of fermentable sugars; (iv) fermenting said fermentable sugars and distilling alcohol from the resulting fermented mixture; (v) evaporating said extraction solvent from said first solution to yield (a) a second aqueous acid solution containing no more than 10% wt., preferably no more than 5% wt.

Abstract: A method for recovering sulfuric acid from concentrated acid hydrolysate of plant cellulose material is disclosed. In some of the examples, the concentrated acid hydrolysate is mixed with a liquid organic precipitant, with the sugars in the hydrolysate being precipitated and separated out. The remainder is sulfuric acid and an organic solvent solution. The organic solvent is then separated by distillation or extraction, thereby obtaining the pure sulfuric acid solution. This precipitation method can recover above 90% sugars and acids with a small amount of organic precipitant, which greatly reduces the recovery cost.

Abstract: The invention relates to a three-profile chromatographic sequential SMB process of separating and recovering products such as sugars and betaine from multicomponent feed solutions. In the process of the invention, product fractions and optionally recycle fractions are collected from several positions of the chromatographic separation system. The process of the invention may be applied to the separation of sucrose and betaine from sugar beet based solutions and to the separation of sugars, e.g. xylose, from plant-based hydrolysates, for example.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of this invention encompass a method for purifying a substantially crude stevioside, methods for preparing polymorphic and amorphous forms of stevioside, and the polymorphic and amorphous forms prepared therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing D-psicose crystals from a D-psicose solution by using supersaturation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining a product sugar stream from a cellulosic biomass, comprising pretreating the cellulosic biomass to hydrolyze a portion of the cellulose and hemicellulose to produce glucose, acetic acid and a sugar monomer, adding base to the pretreated cellulosic biomass to produce inorganic salt and acetate salt; hydrolyzing the neutralized cellulosic biomass with cellulase enzymes and separating insoluble residue from the resulting sugar stream; treating the clarified sugar stream using exclusion chromatography at a pH of 5 to 10 to produce a product sugar stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which specifically binds to mannose 6-phosphate and methods for preparing such antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. The invention further relates to a nucleic acid molecule encoding such antibody or antibody fragment, an expression vector comprising such nucleic acid molecule and a host cell comprising such nucleic acid molecule or expression vector. The invention also relates to a method for purifying or concentrating a target molecule comprising at least one mannose 6-phosphate residue from a sample. In another aspect, the invention relates to a method for diagnosing a disease which is characterized by an absent or reduced modification of molecules with mannose 6-phosphate residues.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flavonoid compound having an antiviral activity, more particularly to a flavonoid compound obtained by extracting Houttuynia cordata with methanol and separating/purifying with chromatography, a method for efficient extraction and purification of the same and an antiviral composition comprising the compound as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The invention relates to aggregate zeolitic adsorbents based on faujasite X type zeolite powder having a low silica content and small crystals, exchanged with barium or based on faujasite X type zeolite having a low silica content and small crystals, exchanged with barium and potassium. The invention also relates to the method for preparing said aggregate zeolitic adsorbents, and also their uses for separating sugars, polyhydric alcohols, isomers of substituted toluene, cresols, or for recovering very high purity paraxylene.

Abstract: A support comprising functional groups supported therein that specifically react with an aldehyde group of a sugar chain, and a polymer particle and a glycochip to which the support is applied, and uses thereof.

Abstract: A process for the co-production of gaseous HCl and a salt product comprising a cation and an anion, which process comprises the steps of a. providing an aqueous solution comprising protons, chloride anions, and cations and anions of the salt product, b. bringing the solution into contact with a substantially immiscible extractant, the extractant comprising: 1) an oil soluble amine, which amine is substantially water insoluble both in free and in salt form; and 2) a carrier solvent for the amine; whereupon HCl selectively transfers to the extractant to form an HCl-carrying extractant and a chloride depleted aqueous solution containing the salt product; c. separating the HCl-carrying extractant from the chloride-depleted aqueous solution; and d. distilling HCl from the separated HCl-carrying extractant to form gaseous HCl and HCl depleted extractant.

Abstract: A process for the separation of a xylose-containing, lignosulphonate-containing Ca-sulfite spent liquor is provided. The process comprises a first step of: (A) chromatographic separation of the Ca- or Mg-sulfite spent liquor using a single pass through a batch-type long resin bed chromatography column having a strong acid cation exchange resin as a separation medium. The ratio of the bed length:mean resin bead diameter of the column is 10,000-40,000. This step yields •a first xylose-rich fraction having a xylose content 50-70 wt. % based on dry solids and • a lignosulphonate-rich fraction. The process further comprises a step of: (B) crystallizing xylose from the first xylose rich fraction by using a crystallization method comprising (i) boiling crystallization; (ii) cooling crystallization or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii) to obtain a first batch of crystalline xylose and a first xylose run-off.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides for methods for identifying novel immunogens that when administered as vaccines elicit a cellular or humoral immunogenic response. In a particular embodiment, a method identified pneumococcal T-cell immunogens that elicit systemic IL-17A responses, and reduce or protect against pneumococcal colonization.

Abstract: The present invention describes a composition comprising at least 55% w/w (on sodium chloride free dry matter weight) of 5?-ribonucleotides and a process for the production of this composition comprising the steps of: (i) treating microbial cells to release the cell contents comprising RNA; (ii) separating the RNA present in the released cell content from other soluble cell material; and (iii) converting the separated RNA into 5?-ribonucleotides.

Abstract: A process for preparing asparagine-linked oligosaccharide derivatives including the steps of: (a) treating a delipidated egg yolk with a protease to obtain a mixture of peptide-linked oligosaccharides, (b) treating the mixture of peptide-linked oligosaccharides with a peptidase to obtain a mixture of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, (c) introducing a lipophilic protective group into the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in the mixture to obtain a mixture of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide derivatives, and (d) subjecting the mixture of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide derivatives to chromatography to separate the mixture into individual asparagine-linked oligosaccharide derivatives.

Abstract: A one-step process for the lysis of microalgae cell walls and separation of the cellular lipids for use in biofuel production by utilizing a hydrophilic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium. The hydrophilic ionic liquid both lyses the microalgae cell walls and forms two immiscible layers, one of which consists of the lipid contents of the lysed cells. After mixture of the hydrophilic ionic liquid with a suspension of microalgae cells, gravity causes a hydrophobic lipid phase to move to a top phase where it is removed from the mixture and purified. The hydrophilic ionic liquid is recycled to lyse new microalgae suspensions.

Abstract: A process of azeotropic removal of dimethylformamide, abbreviated as DMF, from a process stream containing DMF requiring its removal, is described wherein the said Process Stream being obtained in a process for preparation of 4,1?,6? trichlorogalactosucrose, abbreviated as TGS, or TGS-6-ester including TGS-6-acetate or TGS-6-benzoate, comprising steps of (a) evaporation of the said process stream under reduced pressure to a concentrate to effect removal of a part of DMF azeotropically, (b) diluting the concentrate obtained at the end of step (a.) of this claim with water, preferably to about 5 to 10 times the volume of the said concentrate, and (c) repeating the cycles of evaporation under reduced pressure and dilution with water for more number of times until content of DMF in the concentrated mass is reduced to 0.5% or less of the concentrate.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to novel methods for treating microbial biomass and uses thereof. In particular, this invention provides methods for production of lipids using ionic liquid solutions, and subsequent uses of biomass components in food, biofuels, and as chemical precursors. Further, this invention provides methods for recovering the ionic liquids using an antisolvent, thus enables subsequent reuse of the ionic liquids In addition, this invention provides practical methods for determining the lipid content of a biomass and screening potential lipid-producing microbial classes. This invention also provides a method of chemical dewatering the lipid-rich algae cells by ionic liquids with its subsequent reuse.

Abstract: A method for isolating sulphated glycosaminoglycans washes a mechanically cleaned tissue, exposes tissue in a solution of 0.1M phosphate pH 5.8-6.0 buffer heated to a temperature of 65° C. for 30 minutes, overcooks the tissue in activated 0.1-0.4% papain at 65° C. for 6-24 hours, cools the papain digest to 4° C., removes fats and undigested tissue residues, selectively isolates the sulphated glycosaminoglycans for 4-10 hours on a solid carrier, obtained from bone tissue collagen with particle sizes ranging from 0-01 to 0.35 cm3, washes the carrier with 0.05-0.1 N-hydrochloric acid, degreases and eluates the carrier with a solution of 0.6-0.15 N-mineral salt in 0.8 N-acetic acid or in 0-01-0-025 N-alkali liquor, precipitates the sulphated glycosaminoglycans with ethanol, centrifuges with 1500 r.p.m. for 15 minutes at a temperature of 4° C., washes the precipitate with ethanol or acetone, and dries and sterilizes the precipitate.