Abstract: The invention provides a new composition and method for the treatment of sickle cell anemia. The composition includes as an active ingredient an effective amount of the compound, phlorizin benzylazide: ##STR1## and an appropriate pharmaceutical excipient. Load and maintenance dosage ranges as well as effective blood concentration levels for the active ingredient are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides non-ionic carbohydrate based ethers having surfactant and other valuable properties of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group containing 1-20 carbon atoms, and R.sub.1 is an aryl, aralkyl, alkyl or alkenyl group containing 1-20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel compound having a formula such as ##STR1## This invention also provides a process for preparing such a compound. The novel compound has an excellent immunological activity.

Abstract: New compounds, 2',3'-dideoxy-2'-fluorokanamycin A and 1-N-(.alpha.-hydroxy-.omega.-aminoalkanoyl) derivatives thereof, particularly 1-N-(DL- or L-3-amino-2-hydroxypropionyl)- and 1-N-(L-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl)-2',3'-dideoxy-2'-fluorokanamycins A are now provided, which are each useful as antibacterial agent. 2',3'-Dideoxy-2'-fluorokanamycin A is prepared by a process comprising condensing a 6-azido-4-O-protected-2,3,6-trideoxy-2-fluoro-.alpha.-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl bromide with the 4-hydroxyl group of a 6-O-(2',4',6'-tri-O-protected-3'-N-protected-3'-amino-3'-deoxy-.alpha.-D-g lucopyranosyl)-1,3-bis-N-protected-2-deoxystreptamine, reducing the resulting condensation product to convert its azido group into an amino group, and removing the remaining amino-protecting and hydroxyl-protecting groups from the reduction product.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for production of a sugar ketal, which comprises reacting a sugar with a ketone in the presence of antimony pentachloride or antimony pentafluoride. The process offers characteristic features that the reaction can be allowed to proceed fully in a small amount of the catalyst, the objective sugar ketal being obtained in improved yields.

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed for production of ketals of 2-ketogulonic acid or of its esters, which comprises reacting 2-ketogulonic acid or its esters with a ketone in the presence of a ketal formation catalyst. The process is advantageous from the industrial point of view to give ketals of 2-ketogulonic acid or of its esters.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is halogen; each R independently represents H, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkanoyl group, a phosphate group, or a sulfate, sulfonate, or benzoate group with the proviso that no more than one sulfate, sulfonate, or benzoate group is present in said compound; and R' represents R or a carbohydrate residue derived from a carbohydrate having the formula R'OH with the proviso that R' and the R on C-2 or both R groups on C-3 and C-4 together can represent an isopropylidene group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are disclosed along with methods of synthesizing and using these compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment and prevention of cancerous conditions by the administration of a composition including the compound of the formula: ##STR1## or of an aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous alcoholic or other extracts of plants of the Hypoxidaceae family and particularly the plants of the genus Hypoxis and the genus Spiloxene.

Abstract: The process for preparing 5-deoxy-arabinose comprises reacting 5-tosyl-L-arabinose-dialkylmercaptal with NaBH.sub.4 in DMSO to give 5-deoxy-L-arabinose-dialkylmercaptal and then reacting the obtained 5-deoxy-L-arabinose-dialkylmercaptal with hydrochloric acid in DMSO. According to the process, 5-deoxy-L-arabinose can be obtained in a high yield without employing heavy metal such as mercury.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new anti-cancer chemical compound which has been called rooperol and certain derivatives thereof of the general formula ##STR1## in which A is chosen from the group including a phenyl group, a substituted phenyl group and --CH.sub.2 --O--R.sup.5 where R.sup.5 =H, an alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.5), aralkyl or acyl substituent; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are chosen from substituents including H for both or singly if one of them is --OH, --NH.sub.2, --SH, ##STR2## or taken together R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are =0; R.sup.3 is H or ##STR3## where R.sup.6 is an alkyl group (C.sub.1 -C.sub.7); either of R.sup.4 or B are chosen from substituents including H, ##STR4## a phenyl group, substituted phenyl group or a furyl group.

Abstract: A process for producing a saccharide derivative of a phospholipid, which comprises reacting a phospholipid with a monosaccharide having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, at least one primary alcohol group and at least three hydroxyl groups in total including the OH of the primary alcohol group or a disaccharide thereof, said saccharide being optionally substituted by a group selected from the class consisting of amino and acetylamino groups, or a phenol glycoside of said saccharide in the presence of phospholipase DM. The phospholipid-saccharide derivatives are useful as a liposome-forming substrate, or as an emulsifier for cosmetics, such as cream and lotion, fat solutions for transfusion and agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides and herbicides.

Abstract: It is disclosed that L-fructose can be produced in high yield from L-sorbose. The process involves the inversion of the hydroxyl groups on carbon atoms C3 and C4 of L-sorbose to produce L-fructose. This inversion can be accomplished in simple, commercial equipment with the aid of common reagents. L-sorbose or an appropriately blocked derivative thereof is reacted so as to introduce or create a good leaving group, preferably mesyl or tosyl, at chiral carbon C3 thereby displacing the hydroxyl previously at that position. The leaving group is then displaced, preferably under alkaline conditions, in such a way that the hydroxyl oxygen atom at chiral carbon C4 attaches to chiral carbon C3, thereby displacing the leaving group while forming a 3,4-oxirane (epoxide) ring. The 3,4-oxirane ring forms in a downward position relative to the Haworth presentation thereby inverting chiral carbon C3 during formation of the 3,4-oxirane ring.

Abstract: The invention relates to derivatives and reduction products of D-glucopyranosyl-alpha(1.fwdarw.5)-d-arabinonic acid, having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X is one of the following groups: --COOM, --COOR', CONH.sub.2 or --CH.sub.2 OH, where M is an alkali metal and R' is an alkyl group; and where R is a hydrogen atom or an acyl group. The compounds of formula (I) include compounds in which the arabinonic acid chain is closed in a lactone ring.A method for producing the derivatives and reaction products is described, and uses therefor are also provided.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for producing antiallergic activity containing as an active ingredient a certain tocopherol derivative having a sugar residue at 6-position of the 3,4-dihydrobenzopyrane ring thereof. A method for producing antiallergic activity using such a tocopherol derivative and some novel tocopherol derivatives are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 1,5-didesoxy-1,5-imino-D-glucitol (desoxynojirimicin) and N-derivative thereof, which are known to be powerful inhibitors for .alpha.-glycosidases. The process of the invention involves reducing with a complex borohydride, a 6-amino-6-desoxy-L-sorbose.

Abstract: Novel compounds having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen and R.sub.2 is alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, 2-furyl, 2-thienyl, aryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, wherein the aromatic ring may be substituted by hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, amine, or nitro; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each and alkyl radical, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, are a saturated cycloaliphatic ring, their methods of preparation, and the use of these new compounds as anti-cancer agents.

Abstract: A sulfonated 1-O substituted glucoside having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: (a) R is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl,(b) one or both of the R.sub.1 groups is either substituted or unsubstitutedMO.sub.3 S--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2).sub.nwherein M is H, a metal ion or ammonium, andn is an integer from 0 to 18, and(c) any remaining R.sub.1 group is H; useful as an oil recovery agent.

Abstract: 1,4 .alpha. disaccharides of formula: ##STR1## with Z representing a nitrogenous functional group,M hydrogen or a sulphate or acetyl group,R an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms andA a functional group such as an acid group, or a derivative.

Abstract: Disclosed are cross-linked gels of hyaluronic acid, alone or mixed with other hydrophilic polymers and containing various substances or covalently bonded low molecular weight substances and processes for preparing them. These products are useful in numerous applications including cosmetic formulations and as drug delivery systems.

Abstract: It has been discovered in accordance with the present invention that oxyalkylated derivatives of alkyl glucosides can be effectively reductively aminated by bringing the oxyalkylated alkyl glucoside feedstock into contact with a reductive amination catalyst in the presence of ammonia and hydrogen to provide derivatives containing both hydroxyl groups and amine groups. These derivatives are useful, for example, as gas scrubbing agents, raw materials for the preparation of corrosion inhibitors, epoxy curing agents, raw materials for the preparation of surfactants and as polyols for use in the preparation of polyurethanes.

Abstract: The present invention relates, by way of new industrial products, to the benzylphenyl osides of the formula ##STR1## in which: X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4 and X.sub.5, which are identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group substituted by one or more halogen atoms (in particular a CF.sub.3 group), an OH group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy group substituted by one or more halogen atoms, a nitro group, a group NR'R" (in which R' and R", which are identical or different, each represent the hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or an acetyl group), a methylthio group, a methylsulfinyl group or a mesyl group, andR represents an ose radical chosen from the group comprising(a) the .alpha.

Abstract: This invention provides novel lipoglycosides having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and ##STR2## The lipoglycosides have antitumor properties.

Abstract: This application discloses polyether products of starch with several different etherifying agents, preferably the alkylene oxides, where the moles of etherifying agent per anhydroglucose unit are in the range from about 3.5 to about 50. Also disclosed are the hydrolyzates of the starch polyethers. Methods of producing the starch polyethers by base-catalyzed reactions are also described. Several applications for the polyether products are described, including rigid and flexible polyurethane foams, film-forming compositions, and foundry resin binders.

Abstract: Hyperacidified tumors having high .beta.-glucuronidase activity can be treated with glucuronides with aglycones toxic to the tumor cells with great safety toward the rest of the body by first administering an alkalinizing agent in an amount sufficient to maintain the pH level of non-tumor tissues at approximately 7.4 during the glucuronide treatment. This will cause inactivation of .beta.-glucuronidase activity in the rest of the body. Novel glucuronides are disclosed the aglycones of which exert a higher toxic effect in an acid environment or is water-soluble only in an alkaline environment. Such compounds have particular utility with the above process. By substituting radioisotopes into the aglycone, diagnosis and in situ radiation therapy may be accomplished. Bacterial cells having .beta.-glucuronidase activity may also be diagnosed and treated in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed are cross-linked gels of hyaluronic acid, alone or mixed with other hydrophilic polymers and containing various substances or covalently bonded low molecular weight substances and processes for preparing them. These products are useful in numerous applications including cosmetic formulations and as drug delivery systems.

Abstract: This invention relates to a product which will provide a high caloric source upon I.V. administration. More particularly, this invention relates to glucosyl esters of malonic acids and substituted malonic acid derivatives which will permit the assimilation of glucose into the body at high concentrations but with low toxicity.

Abstract: Residual lipophilic reactants and by-products of surfactant manufacture (e.g. fatty alcohols, ethers, esters, etc.) may be adsorbed from surfactant compositions with a solid hydrophobic sorbent having pore sizes sufficiently small enough to effectively preclude molecular adsorption of the surfactant molecules therein. Surfactant compositions containing long-chain alkyl glucoside mixtures, as the major active surfactant component, may be refined to a form substantially free from lipophilic impurities by dispersing the surfactant composition into a suitable liquid carrier system and adsorbing the contaminants from the composition with the sorbent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a process for producing 4'-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin-.beta.-D-ethylidene-glucoside of the formula (II) comprising (A) reacting 4'-halogenoacetyl-4'-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin-.beta.-D-2,3-di-O-halogen oacetyl-4,6-O-ethylidene-glucoside of the formula (I) with an amine and/or ammonia, or (B) subjecting the acyl-derivative (I) to alcoholysis in the presence of a catalyst, thereby removing the halogenoacetyl groups of the acyl-derivative (I) to obtain the compound (II), the acyl-derivative (I), and the use of the acyl-derivative (I) for synthesizing the compound (II) ##STR1## wherein R represents a halogenoacetyl group represented by the formula--COCH.sub.2 Xwherein X is a halogen atom.

Abstract: The invention relates to substitution derivatives of trisaccharide 3-fucosyl-N-acetyl lactosamine and to the immunological applications of these derivatives and of the trisaccharide itself particularly as diagnostic reagent and in therapy.

Abstract: Antibiotic A4696 factor H is isolated from the purified antibiotic complex produced by Actinoplanes missouriensis ATCC 31683 and exhibits excellent activity vs. gram-positive bacteria.

Abstract: Novel alpha-glycosylated soybean glycosides wherein one or more glucosyl residues are bound to the soybean glycoside moiety are prepared. Alpha-glycosylation can be enzymatically achieved by subjecting an aqueous solution containing a soybean glycoside, e.g. soyasaponin or isoflavonoid, and an alpha-glucosyl saccharide to an alpha-glucosyl transferase. Suitable alpha-glucosyl saccharides are liquefied starch, partially hydrolyzed starch and sucrose. Alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, dextransucrase, dextran dextrinase and amylosucrase are usable as the alpha-glucosyl transferase. Since in the alpha-glycosylated soybean glycosides the undesirable bitter, astringent, harsh and lingering choky tastes which are common in intact soybean glycosides are reduced or even eliminated by the alpha-glycosylation, they are suitable for use in food products or orally-usable products wherein taste is an important factor.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to novel 1-deoxyglycosides, preferably 1-deoxy-D-mannopyranosides and 1-deoxy-L-rhamnopyranosides, having in the 1-position of the pyranose ring an aralkylthio/aralkenylthio, aralkyloxy/aralkenyloxy or aralkanoylamino/aralkenoylamino substituent; and to novel processes for preparing these 1-substituted-1-deoxyglycosides starting with the corresponding tetra-O-acetylglycopyranosyl bromide or amine. The 6-hydroxy group of 1-substituted-1 deoxyglycopyranosides can also be replaced by other functional groups. These aralkylthio/aralkenylthio, aralkyloxy/aralkenyloxy and aralkanoylamino/aralkenoylamino 1-deoxyglycosides are potent inhibitors of antigen-specific T-cell proliferation and are also useful as inhibitors of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Abstract: 5-Deoxy-3-O-arylmethyl or substituted aryl-methyl-1,2-O-substituted-alkylidene or cycloalkylidene-alpha-D-xylofuranose and 5-C-alkyl, alkylidenyl and alkenyl derivatives thereof. The compounds are useful as herbicides and plant growth regulators.

Abstract: A process for recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon bearing formation penetrated by injection well and a production well includes the steps of injecting into the formation via an injection well an aqueous drive fluid comprising water and more than about 200 parts per million of Beta-(1.fwdarw.6)-D-glucan having an average molecular weight of more than about 2.times.10.sup.4 and comprising recurring units of the disaccharide gentiobiose: ##STR1## forcing said aqueous drive fluid through the formation and recovering hydrocarbons from the production well. The process also includes using a more concentrated solution of the glucan, more than about 2,000 parts per million, as a vertical conformance agent. The invention also includes a concentrate of the glucan in dimethylsulfoxide or in a 4 molar or higher concentration of aqueous urea which is diluted to form the aqueous drive fluid.

Abstract: Paper coating compositions contain at least one pigment, at least one binder, and, as an insolubilizer for the binder, the product of the reaction of glyoxal and a vicinal polyol.

Abstract: A non-volatile source of ketone to flavor tobacco smoke is provided by a .beta.-ketocarboxylic acid ester of a sugar or related compound. The ester is applied to the smoking material and remains in place until the burning coal releases the ketone.

Abstract: There is presented antibiotic compounds designated as Antibiotics X-14889 A, C and D of the formulas ##STR1## wherein (for X-14889A) R.sub.1 is methyl, R.sub.2 is methyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen, R.sub.4 is methyl and R.sub.5 is hydrogen or (for X-14889C) R.sub.1 is hydrogen, R.sub.2 is methyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen, R.sub.4 is methyl and R.sub.5 is CO.sub.2 H or ##STR2## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds exhibit antimicrobial activity and one of the compounds X-14889C also exhibits activity against Treponema hyodysenteriae (in vitro), Plasmodium berghei and as food efficiency enhancers in ruminants.Also presented is a process to produce the above compounds and another known component Antibiotic X-14889B.

Abstract: Synthesized succinyl and glutaryl glucosamines, p-(succinylamido)-phenyl-.alpha.-D-gluco- and mannopyranosides, p-(glutarylamido)-phenyl-.alpha.-D-gluco- and mannopyranosides and p-(isothiocyanotophenyl)-.alpha.-D-gluco- and mannopyranosides are reacted with insulin to form corresponding glycosylated insulins containing from 1 to 3 glycosyl groups per insulin molecule. The novel glycosylated insulins resist aggregation and show significant activity in depressing blood sugar levels.

Abstract: 5-Deoxy-3-O-arylmethyl or substituted arylmethyl-1,2-O-ethylene-alpha-D-xylofuranose and 5-C-alkyl, alkylidenyl and alkenyl derivatives thereof. The compounds are useful as herbicides and plant growth regulators.

Abstract: Nonionic polyalkoxylated glucoside surfactant compositions useful in forming stable emulsions with oil in saline solutions comprising: ##STR1## wherein each R is individually selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen and a methyl group; wherein the sum of w+x+y+z is from about 4 to about 40; and wherein m is from about 2 to about 15; and wherein R' is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms and an alkyl aryl group having about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.These surfactant compositions are made by reacting the corresponding alkoxylated lower alkyl glucoside with a hydrophobic alkoxylated alcohol by means of an alcohol interchange reaction (transacetalation).

Abstract: Novel polyether polyols made by alkoxylating a mixture of initiators are described. The initiator mixture is made up of about 60 to 90 wt. % of a partially alkoxylated trifunctional initiator and 10 to 40 wt. % of a secondary partially alkoxylated initiator having an active hydrogen functionality of from 4 to 8. Preferably, the alkylene oxide component to be reacted with the initiator mixture is a blend of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Flexible polyurethane foams made from these polyether polyols have improved load bearing properties as compared with those made from prior art polyols.

Abstract: This invention is directed to new saponins isolated from soybean seeds, a method for isolating the same and uses of the saponin component of soybeans as an antioxidant for foodstuffs or cosmetics and as an agent for affecting the metabolism in human beings.

Abstract: Novel compounds having the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an acyl group; and n is an integer of up to 10 including zero; novel compounds having the general formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen or an acyl group, and wherein the group OR.sup.2 at C-atom 1 of the reducing end of the molecule is in either .alpha.- or .beta.-configuration; and n is an integer from 2 to 10, inclusive; a process for preparing compounds (II).

Abstract: 5-C-alkyl-3-O-substituted arylmethyl-1,2-O-alkylidene-.alpha.-D-xylo-pentodialdofuranoses, 5-C-alkyl-3-O-substituted arylmethyl-1,2-O-alkylidene-.alpha.-D-gluco- and .beta.-L-ido-pentofuranoses. The compounds exhibit herbicidal activity and especially pre-emergence herbicidal activity against grasses.

Abstract: Novel and useful compounds are obtained by the degradation of antibiotics paulomycin A and paulomycin B. These novel compounds are useful as ultraviolet light filters in plastics, cloth, and the like.

Abstract: 5-Deoxy-3-O-thienylmethyl or furylmethyl-1,2-O-alkylidene-alpha-D-xylofuranose and 5-C-alkyl, alkylidene and alkenyl derivatives thereof. The compounds are useful as herbicides and plant growth regulators.

Abstract: Cation salts of substituted phenyl-1-thio(poly-O-sulfo)-.alpha.(or .beta.)-D-glucopyranoside, useful as modulators of the complement system, the intermediates thereof and the process of making such intermediates and end products.

Abstract: The present invention is a unique method for the regioselective addition of a functional group to an allylic alcohol moiety which is particularly useful in the preparation of cis-hydroxyamino sugars.

Abstract: Selected (1-oxo-2-pyridyl) disulfides are used as active ingredients in animal feed compositions and in methods for increasing the growth and feed efficiency of monogastric animals. A useful new compound of this invention is 2-carboxyphenyl (1-oxo-2-pyridyl) disulfide.

Abstract: The invention describes branched glycosides which are substantially liquid materials at high solids concentration.