Abstract: The dark-colored solutions obtained in the preparation of butyloligoglycosides from saccharides and butanol are adjusted to an acidity of 0 to 12 mg of KOH/g. Colorless or light-colored butyloligoglycosides are then extracted from them by water, optionally after the addition of a nonpolar solvent, and are then isolated from the aqueous phase in a conventional way.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the production and use of enzymes that degrade lipopolysaccharide bioemulsifiers, and, in particular, emulsans. The enzymes may be used to demulsify bioemulsifier-stabilized hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions.

Abstract: Rhamnolipids with high surface activity are produced micro iologically in high yield per g of dry cell substance using Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874 in the form of growing, resting and immobilized cell mass in an aqueous medium containing at least one assimilable carbon source at a pH of 6.7 to 7.3 and a temperature of 30.degree. to 37.degree. C. Two new rhamnolipids with only one .beta.-hydroxydecanoic acid residue in the molecule and defined as .alpha.-L-rhamnopyranosyl- and 2-O-.alpha.-L-rhamnopyranosyl-.alpha.-L-rhamnopyranosyl-.beta.-hydroxydeca noic acid with a molecular weight of 334 and 480, respectively, are obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) ##STR1## in which formula: R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 denote, independently of each other a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl radical, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy radical, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 acryloxy radical or a hydroxy ra dical;R, R' and R" denote, independently of each other, either one of the meanings given above for R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, or a halogen atom, or a primary, secondary or tertiary amino radical,A having various meanings.The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) and to medicinal and cosmetic compositions in which they are present.

Abstract: New anionic derivatives of mono and polyglycosides which are surface-active agents are described which anionic derivatives have the general formula ##STR1## wherein G is a glycosyl moiety which is derived from a reducing sugar selected from the group consisting of fructose, glucose, mannose, galactose, talose, gulose, allose, altrose, idose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, ribose or mixtures thereof,R is an alkyl group substituted at the reducing carbon of the reducing sugar from which the glycosyl moiety, G, is derived, said alkyl group being straight chain or branched chain having 6 to 30 carbon atoms,x=1 to 10,at least one of the hydroxyl groups of at least one of the glycosyl moieties (or of a hydroxyalkyl group attached directly or indirectly to a hydroxyl group of said glycosyl moiety) has a Z group substituted in place of said hydroxyl group, Z is a substituent which is ##STR2## O(CH.sub.2).sub.p CO.sub.2 M, OSO.sub.3 M, O(CH.sub.2).sub.p So3.sub.m and mixtures thereof andR.sub.1 =(CH.sub.2).sub.2 CO.sub.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is .beta.-D-glucopyranosyl, .beta.-D-galactopyranosyl, 6'-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-glucopyranosy or 6'-O-acetyl-.beta.-D-galactopyranosyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, has bronchodilator, cardiac activity, smooth muscle relaxant activity and hormone excretion stimulant activity. It can be produced by culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Nodulisporium and adapted to produce the compound in a culture medium, and isolating the produced compound from the cultured medium. The microorganism can be Nodulisporium sp. M5220 FERM P-8133. The compounds have inhibitory activity on cyclic-adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for preparing 3-O-(sodium(5-acetamide-3,5-dideoxy-alpha-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-noneuro pyranosyl)onate-1,2-di-O-tetradecyl-Sn-glycerol (3) consisting essentially of hydrolyzing a 3-O-(C.sub.1-5 alkyl(5-acetamide-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-di-deoxy-alpha-D-glycero-D-ga lacto-2-noneuropyranosyl)onate)-1,2-di-O-tetradecyl-Sn-glycerol (1) in a single step, in an aqueous lower aliphatic alcohol solution of an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Percutaneous emboli are formed for therapeutic and/or corrective reasons by using a composition which includes crosslinked gells of hyaluronic acid (HA), hylan (HY) or mixed crosslinked gels of HA or HY with other materials, thrombin and cationic substances containing quaternary ammonium groups. Other optional materials include fillers and radio-opaque substances.

Abstract: A process for the modification, solubilization and/or hydrolysis of a glycosidically linked carbohydrate having reducing groups using a mixture comprising water, an inorganic acid and a halide of lithium, magnesium or calcium. The process is particularly useful for converting cellulose (derived for example from waste-paper, wood or sawdust) or starch to glucose. When cellulose is the starting material the preferred halide is a lithium halide. When starch is the starting material a magnesium halide is preferred.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes having the formula ##STR1## or Sacch--O--CH.sub.2 --Ar--CHO (II) such as starch, cellulose, and gum aldehydes, are useful as paper additives for imparting strength and as the granular or gelatinized portion of a corrugating adhesive. Those having formula I are prepared by a nonoxidative method which involves reacting the polysaccharide base, in the presence of alkali, with a derivatizing acetal reagent having the general structure ##STR2## and then hydrolyzing the acetal by adjusting the pH to less than 7, preferably 2-4. In the formula Ar is an aryl group, optionally containing an ether linkage, or an alkaryl group and A and A' are lower alkyls or together form at least a 5-membered cyclic acetal. The polysaccharide aldehydes are crosslinked by the addition of selected polyfunctional crosslinkers such as an aliphatic primary polyamine or polyketone.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for promoting the proliferation of microorganisms of the genus Bifidibacterium comprising contacting said microorganisms with a growth promoting effective amount of an isomalto-oligosaccharide.

Abstract: A benzofuran derivative which is a compound of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein a to d each are 0 to 1, with a+b+c+d.gtoreq.2; R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; R.sub.7 is --CH.sub.2 OR.sub.8 (R.sub.8 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl), --COR.sub.9 (R.sub.9 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, ##STR2## which is an amino acid or amino sugar residue or where R' and R" are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl or form a heterocycle) or OR.sub.10 (where R.sub.10 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl or --OR.sub.10 is derived from a sugar) has retinoid type action and can be used in cosmetics (body and hair hygiene) and in medicine (treatment of dermatological conditions; atopy; degenerative diseases of connective tissue; or corneopathies).

Abstract: This invention provides a novel process for preparing a compound represented by the formula ##STR1## In accordance with this invention, the compound is prepared by reacting a compound represented by the formula ##STR2## with glycolic acid in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.

Abstract: Intestine-specific delivery of an opioid antagonist can be accomplished without substantial central nervous system effects by administering the antagonist orally in the form of the glucuronide derivative.

Abstract: Novel beta-1,3-glucan polysaccharide gels characterized by (a) coherent, uniform, non-particulate structure, and (b) substantially uniform pH throughout. The gels are prepared by dissolving a beta-1,3-glucan polysaccharide in an aqueous alkaline medium at a temperature of about 55.degree. C. or below and while maintaining the solution at a temperature of at least 50.degree. C., adjusting the pH to 10.5 or lower, followed by cooling below about 40.degree. C. or heating above 50.degree. C. The gels formed by cooling are reversible whereas the gels formed by heating are thermally irreversible. The gels are useful for supporting, separating, transforming or treating biological materials, as carriers for pharmaceuticals, as coatings for biological materials, in food products, and can be shaped to form disposable contact lenses.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel compound having the following formula: ##STR1## This compound is a useful intermediate for the preparation of N-glycolylneuraminic acid: ##STR2##

Abstract: 1,4.alpha.disaccharides of formula: ##STR1## with Z representing a nitrogenous functional group,M hydrogen or a sulphate or acetyl group,R an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms andA functional group such as an acid group, or a derivative.

Abstract: Compound of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein n is zero or an integer of 1 to 3;R is(a) --NHR.sub.3, wherein R.sub.3 is(a') --CON(NO)R.sub.4, in which R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl either unsubstituted or substituted by halogen; or(b') --CO(CH.sub.2).sub.m --R.sub.5, in which R.sub.5 is halogen, oxiranyl, methyloxiranyl, aziridinyl, a group ##STR2## or a group ##STR3## and m is zero or an integer of 1 to 4; or (b) ##STR4## wherein either R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are the same and are each oxiranemethyl, aziridinemethyl, or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkyl 2-substituted by halogen or by a group --OSO.sub.2 R.sub.8 wherein R.sub.8 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or phenyl, or one of R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 is hydrogen and the other is as defined above;each group R.sub.1 is, independently, hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group terminating with (i) a basic moiety chosen from an amino group, a mono- or di- C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: An oligosaccharide derivative having 4 to 7 glucose units wherein a primary alcohol moiety positioned at the 6-position of the non-reducing end glucose unit is replaced by ##STR1## --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 COOH, or the like group and the 1-position of the reducing end glucose unit is replaced by a phenoxy or substituted phenoxy group or an umbelliferyl group or an indoxyl group is particularly suitable as a substrate for measuring .alpha.-amylase activity.

Abstract: Esterified oligosaccharides particularly estersified disaccharides containing a uronic acid residue and a hexosamine residue joined through a glycosidic linkage. Such as useful in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: Compounds including phloretin and/or phlorizin derivatives coupled to an undigestible and non-absorbable matrix are provided. The compounds have pharmacological efficacies. They inhibit sugar uptake from the intestine and may be used in composition form in methods for treating diabetes and for promoting weight loss. A method for the manufacture of these compounds and a novel intermediate phlorizin derivative for making these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method of preparing D-ribose.In this method, a 1,5-di-O-alkyl derivative of D-xylofuranose is prepared; the hydroxyl groups in positions 2 and 3 are each substituted by a group which is preferably mesyl (CH.sub.3 SO.sub.2) or methyldithiocarbonyl, CH.sub.3 SC(=S); the 2,3-unsaturated derivative is prepared; and D-ribose is finally obtained by cis-hydoxylation of the carbon-carbon double bond, followed by acid hydrolysis of the resulting 1,5-O-dialkyl derivative.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing etoposide by reacting a 4'-halogenoacetyl-4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin-.beta.-D-2,3-di-O-halogeno acetyl-4,6-O-ethylideneglucoside represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, represent each --COCHX.sub.2 or --COCX.sub.3, wherein X represents a halogen atom, with an alcohol, an amine, and/or ammonia to remove the halogenoacetyl groups.

Abstract: An acylglycan extract of Klebsiella consisting essentially of about 80% of neutral oses, about 20% of lipids and less than 2% of proteins and having a molecular weight of approximately 12,500 and a process for obtining them which have antiallergic and immunomodulating properties.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## in which: is a single bond or a double bond,X is hydrogen or hydroxy,n is 0 or 1,Z is ##STR2## when in ring B is a double bond, and, when in ring B is a single bond, Z is wherein W is hydrogen, lower acyl, unsubstituted arylcarbonyl, lower alkyl or substituted arylcarbonyl.These compounds are useful as platelet aggregation inhibitors.

Abstract: Heavy metal salts of hyaluronic acid have been prepared. In particular, this invention is directed to silver, gold, cerium and tungsten salts of hyaluronic acid. These heavy metal salts of hyaluronic acid are useful as antimicrobial agents. Gold hyaluronate may also be used to treat arthritis. This invention also concerns methods of making the silver salt of hyaluronic acid as well as compositions containing silver hyaluronate or gold hyaluronate. The invention also concerns composition containing heavy metal salts having radioactively labelled hyaluronate moieties.

Abstract: Novel D-arabinose-1,5-diphosphate salts of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein n is from about 3 to 4 and M.sup.+ is a cation as well as racemic and isomeric mixtures of the so-defined and forms of formula (I) are useful as hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of diabetes, e.g., in man.

Abstract: Antioxidants containing purified and hydrolyzed gallotannins are derived from plant materials and are incorporated into foodstuffs for inhibiting oxidation in the foodstuffs.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes having the general structure ##STR1## such as starch, cellulose and gum aldehydes, are useful for imparting wet, dry, or temporary wet strength to paper. They are prepared by a non-oxidative method which involves reacting the polysaccharide base, in the presence of alkali, with a derivatizing acetal reagent having the general structure ##STR2## and then hydrolyzing the acetal by adjusting the pH to less than 7, preferably 2-4. R is (CH.sub.2).sub.n or a divalent aromatic group and n os 0 or greater; R.sup.1, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are hydrogen or an organic group; R.sup.2, R.sup.5, and R.sup.8 are (CH.sub.2).sub.m with m being 1-6; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or a lower alkyl; Y is an anion; Z is an organic group capable of reacting with the polysaccharide base to form an ether derivative and selected from the group consisting of an epoxide, ethylenically unsaturated group, halohydrin, and halogen; R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to anhydrous crystals of maltitol and the whole crystalline hydrogenated starch hydrolysate mixture solid containing the crystals, and processes for the production and use thereof.

Abstract: Glycoside products are successfully prepared directly from aqueous saccharide solutions or syrups, and with acceptably low levels of undesired higher polysaccharide by-products, by dissolving same in the desired alcohol reactant and contacting the resulting homogeneous aqueous saccharide+alcohol solution with an acid catalyst material in a fashion such that substantially no separate or distinct, predominantly aqueous saccharide solution phase is permitted to come into contact with said acid catalyst material under conditions conducive to homopolymerization of said saccharide reactant.

Abstract: A method for lowering the reducing sugar content of glycoside compositions by adding 1 to 10 wt. % of an orthoformic ester or an acetal of a low-boiling ketone is described. Reducing sugar contents can be lowered from 1 to 3 wt. % to 0.05 to 0.3 wt. % using compounds such as trimethyl orthoformate, triethyl orthoformate and 2,2-dimethoxypropane. Glycoside compositions particularly useful in this method are those formed by the catalytic reaction of starch hydrolysates with low molecular weight polyols. Such glycoside compositions are useful to make high molecular weight polyols having low color suitable for incorporation into polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Novel cationic unsaturated mono- and polysaccharide glycoside derivatives are prepared by reacting glycidyl, halohydrin or haloalkyl glycosides (e.g. 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl glucoglycoside) with unsaturated amines (e.g. N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide). The novel monomers may be homo- or copolymerized in order to prepare novel cationic polymers with pendant saccharide side chains. The monomers may also be used in the preparation of cationic polysaccharide graft copolymers.

Abstract: Glycoside-containing polyester products having improved color characteristics are provided by a polyester preparation process in which a polyol reactant containing at least a minor proportion of a glycoside reactant is reacted with a lower alkyl ester of a polybasic acid. The color characteristics of such products are notably improved relative to that which is obtained when said reaction is instead conducted using the corresponding polybasic acid or anhydride in place of the indicated lower alkyl ester thereof.The color improvement benefits of the present invention are particularly pronounced and dramatic when the polybasic acid component of the desired polyester product comprises an aromatic polybasic acid and when a lower alkyl ester of said aromatic polybasic acid is employed in the reaction in place of the aromatic acid itself.

Abstract: Improvement in the acid catalyzed process for preparing alkyl glycosides by reaction of an alcohol with a monosaccharide or source of monosaccharide moiety, the improvement residing in the use of certain organic bases to neutralize the catalyst at the end of the reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## in which R and R.sub.1, independently of one another, each represent a straight-chained or branched alkyl or alkoyl radical containing up to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical or R and R.sub.1 together also form a methylene bridge, the hydrogen atoms of which, independently of one another, can each be substituted by an alkyl radical containing up to 5 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical, R.sub.2 represents an oligoglucoside residue containing 2 to 7 glucose units and X is a hydrogen atom or an optically-determinable residue.The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: Alkylglucosides are prepared by acetalization of glucose with an equivalent amount or an excess of a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 -alkanol in the presence of an acidic catalyst by a method wherein the acetalization is carried out in the presence of an alkali metal salt of a boric acid used in an amount which is equivalent to or in excess of the amount of the catalyst.The alkylglucosides obtained can be used directly, for example as solubilizers, in particular in the cosmetic sector, or can be reacted further to give higher alkylglucosides.

Abstract: Polyethers of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is the residue of a starting active hydrogen compound with removal of the active hydrogen atom, R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl or aryl, R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, R.sub.3 is H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 or phenyl, x is 5-100, y is 1-5, and z is 2-8 are less active than those having primary or secondary alcoholic function at terminals.

Abstract: This invention relates to new xylane sulfates having an apparent molar weight comprised between 7000 and 12000.This invention relates also to a process for their preparation by fractionation, and to the therapeutic application thereof as anti-thrombosis and hypolipemic agents.

Abstract: A modified oligosaccharide having at most 7 glucose units and having a substituent selected from the group consisting of 2-aminopyridyl, 3-aminopyridyl, anilino, methylanilino, hydroxyanilino, carboxyphenylamino and hydroxyl groups at at least one end moiety of said oligosaccharide is suitable as substrate for measuring .alpha.-amylase activity or for measuring .alpha.-amylase isozymes.

Abstract: Sialic acid derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, trityl, or acyl, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or acyl, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are individually glycerolglycoside, dialkylglycerol, alkoxycarbonyl or carboxyl.These compounds may be employed as a useful intermediate for the synthesis of biologically active substances and may be employed as an inhibitor of hydrolytic enzyme, a reagent for affinity chromatography for purifying enzyme, or a synthetic antigen.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical or veterinary composition for activating the function of phygocytes comprising as an effective ingredient a certain tocopheryl glycoside. The composition is useful for treating infectious diseases and malignant tumor.

Abstract: New compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each denote a hydrogen atom or an acyl or benzyl protective group,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together denote an alkylidene or benzylidene protective group,R.sup.4 denotes a hydrogen atom, an acyl or benzyl protective group or a 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-.alpha.-L-fucopyranosyl or .alpha.-L-fucopyranosyl radical,R.sup.5 denotes H, OH, NH.sub.2, NHNH.sub.2, N.sub.3, O-alkyl, O-aryl, NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.m NH.sub.2, where m=2-5, lysine, polylysine or a carrier,n denotes a number from 1 to 10 andR.sup.3 denotes a hydrogen atom, an acyl or benzyl protective group or an .alpha.-D-glycopyranosyl radical of the general formula II ##STR2## in which R.sup.6 denotes a hydrogen atom or an acyl or benzyl protective group,R.sup.7 denotes a hydrogen atom or halogen andR.sup.

Abstract: Phlorizin, its gluconuride and 4-deoxyphloretin-2-D-glucoside are used in treatment of cancer, particularly in combination with radio frequency thermotherapy and other modalities to accentuate the effect of such thermotherapy or other modality.

Abstract: Co-administration of a muramyldipeptide derivative with liposomes enhances the anti-infective activity of the muramyldipeptide derivative.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of glycosides such as methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside or the like in which a mono- or poly-saccharide is reacted with a mono- or polyhydric alcohol in the presence of a perfluorosulfonic acid resin as the catalyst.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes having the general structure ##STR1## such as starch, cellulose and gum aldehydes, are useful for imparting wet, dry, or temporary wet strength to paper. They are prepared by a non-oxidative method which involves reacting the polysaccharide base, in the presence of alkali, with a derivatizing acetal reagent having the general structure ##STR2## and then hydrolyzing the acetal by adjusting the pH to less than 7, preferably 2-4. R is (CH.sub.2).sub.n or a divalent aromatic group and n is 0 or greater; R.sup.1, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are hydrogen or an organic group; R.sup.2, R.sup.5, and R.sup.8 are (CH.sub.2).sub.m with m being 1-6; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or a lower alkyl; Y is an anion; Z is an organic group capable of reacting with the polysaccharide base to form an ether derivative and selected from the group consisting of an epoxide, ethylenically unsaturated group, halohydrin, and halogen; R.sup.

Abstract: PAF analogues derived from 2-deoxyribose or 2-deoxyxylose, having cytotoxic, hypotensive and PAF agonist/antogonist properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides phenolsulphonphthaleinyl-.beta.-D-galactosides of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, which can be the same or different, are hydrogen or halogen atoms or nitro or amino groups, R.sup.5 to R.sup.12, which can be the same or different, are hydrogen or halogen atoms or lower alkyl, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, carboxyl or nitro groups and M.sup.+ is a proton, an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium ion.The present invention also provides a process for preparing these galactosides and diagnostic agents containing them.

Abstract: Novel chemically modified anionic polysaccharides which contain acid radicals of the formula ##STR1## attached to the polysaccharide component, wherein R.sub.1.sup..crclbar. is carboxyalkyl or dicarboxyalkyl containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, or is carboxyphenyl or ketocarboxymethyl, and Q.sub.1.sup..sym. is a water-soluble cation, are obtained by reacting the polysaccharides with compounds that contain N-methylolamide groups, in particular with novel compounds of formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1.sup..crclbar. and Q.sub.1.sup..sym. have the given meanings, and are used for purifying effluents and, in particular, for the separation by chromatography of mixtures of substances which contain amphoteric or cationic components.