Abstract: In a method for preparing multiple glucosyl branched-cyclodextrins, a debranching enzyme is contacted to a mixture of maltose or a substance containing maltooligosaccharide such as maltose with a cyclodextrin to obtain a reaction product from which a branched-cyclodextrin is then separated; said branched-cyclodextrin is converted to glycosyl-cyclodextrin under the action of glucoamylase, which is thereafter mixed with maltose or a substance containing maltooligosaccharide such as maltose; and the resulting mixture is successively acted on by a debranching enzyme and glucoamylase.

Abstract: This invention relates to glucopyranose compounds of formula (I) and (IA) ##STR1## and the non-toxic salts thereof wherein the substituents are as defined herein. Such materials possess enhancing activity of cellular immunity (e.g. mitogenic activity) to living tissue and therefore are useful as anti-tumor agents.

Abstract: A method for enhancing angiogenesis and/or blood vascular perfusion in mammals by administering a pharmacologically effective amount of specific angiogenically active non-ionic, anionic, cationic and zwitterionic amphiphilic compounds. An angiogenically effective amount of the angiogenically active compound digitonin is in the range of at least 1.25 microgram to at least 200 microgram of digitonin. The range including enhancement of vascular perfusion is up to 50 mg of digitonin.

Abstract: The present application discloses a new sialosyl glyceride having the following formula, which compound is useful as a remedy for nervous diseases, has an excellent compatability with the living bodies, and is easily producible. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or XCH.sub.2 CO-- (X being a halogen atom), R.sup.2 represents an alkali metal, a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or --CO(CH.sub.2)mCH.sub.3, R.sup.4 represents --CO(CH.sub.2)mCH.sub.3 amd m and n each represents a number of 0 to 30.

Abstract: A method of controlling the regioselectivity of the glycosidic bond between glycosyl donor and glycosyl acceptor in the enzymatic production of an oligosaccharide compound which either consists of or is a fragment or an analog of the cabohydrate part in a glycoconjugate, by reverse hydrolysis or transglycosidation reactions, is described. The synthesis is carried out in that a donor substance which is a mono- or oligosaccharide or a glycoside thereof, is caused to react, in the presence of a glycosidase, with an acceptor substance which is an O-, N-, C- or S-glycoside consisting of a monosaccharide, oligosaccharide or a saccharide analog and at least one aglycon which is O-, N-, C- or S-glycosidically bonded in 1-position, the .alpha. or .beta.-configuration being selected on the glycoside bond between the glycosyl group and the aglycon in the acceptor substance, and the oligosaccharide compound being separated from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A phosphate ester of saikosaponin a, b.sub.1, b.sub.2, c, d or h or saikogenin A, C or D, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which exhibits potent antiinflammatory activity against adjuvant arthritis and then can be used safely as a drug for the treatment and prevention of rheumatism, and a process for preparing the same characterized by phosphorylating the saikosaponin or saikogenin.

Abstract: Novel arabinopyranosyl nucleoside derivatives having the heterocyclic moiety and fluorine at the 2' position of the sugar ring (pyranose configuration), which have antitumor, antiviral and antimicrobial properties, are prepared by condensation of a pyrimidine, purine or 1,3-oxazine base with an acylated 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-arabinopyranoside and/or acylated 2-deoxy-2-bromo-2-fluoro-D-arabinopyranoside.

Abstract: A sialic acid derivative having an active carbonyl group represented by the formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or acetyl group; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, a metal or a lower alkyl group; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, hydroxyl group, or a residue removed hydrogen from an alcohol portion of an active ester; Ac represents acetyl group; and n is 1 to 20, respectively. This sialic acid derivative [I] can be utilized as a starting material for various complex having a sialic acid in the molecule since it has an active carbonyl group in the molecules so that it shows high reactivity.

Abstract: Unsaturated norbornane, 2,2-dimethyl norbornane, adamantane or cyclododecane derivatives exhibit activity in the systemic and topical treatment of dermatologic disorders.

Abstract: Etoposide-3',4'-quinone is converted into a phosphorane or phosphate ester by reaction with an organic phosphine or phosphite. The resulting phosphoranes and phosphates have anti-tumor activity in animals.

Abstract: A process is provided in which a mixture of alpha- and beta-anomers is converted selectively to the desired beta-thymidine. The process involves the following steps: (a) converting a mixture of alpha- and beta-anomers of tetra-O-acylribofuranose to tri-O-acyl-.beta.-ribothymidine; (b) converting tri-O-acyl-.beta.-ribothymidine to .beta.-ribothymidine; (c) converting .beta.-ribothymidine to 2,2'-anhydro-.beta.-thymidine; (d) converting 2,2'-anhydro-.beta.-thymidine to 2'-halo-2'-deoxy-5-methyluridine; and (e) converting 2'-halo-2'-deoxy-5-methyluridine to beta-thymidine. The mixture of alpha- and beta-anomers of tetra-O-acylribofuranose may be produced by any suitable procedure such as by converting lower alkyl ribofuranoside to the tetra-O-acylribofuranose mixture. The lower alkyl ribofuranosides may in turn be produced by various methods. However, a desirable way of effecting this conversion involves use of D-ribose as the starting material which is converted to the lower alkyl ribofuranoside.

Abstract: The present invention provides antitumor fluoro-substituted 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin glucosides.

Abstract: Phosphate derivatives of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin glucosides are novel antitumor agents and the salts thereof offer the pharmaceutical advantage of high water solubility.

Abstract: There is provided a novel process for the production of the epipodophyllotoxin glycosides, Etoposide and Teniposide. There are further provided certain novel 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin derivatives of the following formula ##STR1## where W is hydrogen or 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4,6,O-ethylidene-D-glucopyran-1-yl. These intermediates are easily transformed into Etoposide and Teniposide and into further derivatives of this series.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing alkyloligoglycosides. Alkyloligoglycosides nand alkylglycosides having alkyl groups with 8 to 24 carbon atoms, which are of interest in home economics and in the cosmetics industry, can be manufactured by glycosidation and transglycosidation. Light-colored alkyloligoglycosides and alkylglycosides are manufactured from saccharides and alcohols by glycosidation and transglycosidation with the addition of salts of inorganic acids, or polybasic saturated carboxylic acids, and by bleaching of the final products with peroxides.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of certain 2-deoxyuridines including the steps forming a substituted alkyl 5-O-"protected"-2-deoxyribofuranoside, hydrocarbylating the latter compound, and condensing the hydrocarbylated compound in the presence of a Lewis or Bronsted acid with a silyluracil to form a uridine. Several tritylated ribofuranosides are novel compounds per se.

Abstract: Mixtures of alkyl glycosides and fatty alcohols are readily separated by distillation without thermal degradation of glycoside. In the presence of one or more viscosity-reducing agents which are heat-stable and color-stable at temperatures of up to 160.degree. C., which are miscible with the alkyl glycosides, which have a boiling point at 760 mbar at least 50.degree. C. above the boiling point of the fatty alcohol present in the mixture, and reduce the viscosity of the mixture to at most 10,000 mPas at the distillation temperature. The fatty alcohols are quantitatively separated off from this mixture by distillation in customary distillation apparatus at a temperature at least 20.degree. C. below the thermal decomposition point of the alky glycosides and under pressures of from 1 to 10.sup.-3 bar.

Abstract: A therapeutic and prophylactic agent for peptic ulcers which contains as an active ingredient a compound of the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or =O; R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or --OR.sub.5 ; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or --OR.sub.6 ; R.sub.4 represents --OR.sub.7 in the case of the absence of double bond; R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 each represents hydrogen or an organic residue;X represents group (A):.dbd.C.dbd.CH--COR.sub.8 (A)or group (B): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.8 represents alkyl, and R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 each represents hydrogen or an organic residue; with the proviso that when X represents group (A), then R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 both represent hydrogen, R.sub.2 represents --OR.sub.5 ; R.sub.4 represents OR.sub.7 and the bond between the carbon atoms to which X is attached and the carbon atom to which R.sub.4 is attached is a single bond, and when X represents group (B), then R.sub.1 represents .dbd.O, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, R.sub.3 represents --OR.sub.

Abstract: A method for treating plants to control plant pests by applying to the locus of the pests an alkyl glycoside or an alkyl glycoside and an additional plant pest-control agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 3'-demethoxy epipodophyllotoxin glucosides, their use as anti-tumor agents, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

Abstract: Triterpene saponins of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or OH and R.sub.2 is a tetrasaccharide, or alternatly pentasaccharide, chain have antiinflammatory, mucolytic and antiedemic activities. Said saponins are isolated from roots and bark of Crossopteryx febrifuga, for instance by precipitating them, in form of a complex with cholesterol or sytosterol, from an alcoholic extract of the vegetal material and by partitioning the precipitate between an apolar solvent, which subtracts the complexing agent and a polar solvent in which saponins are soluble.

Abstract: The present invention relates, by way of novel industrial products, to osides selected from the group consisting of:(i) the .beta.-D-phenylthioxylosides of the formula: ##STR1## in which: R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group or a cyano group,A represents the sulfur atom or the oxygen atom,B represents a CH.sub.2, CHOH or CO group andY represents the hydrogen atom or an acyl group; and(ii) epimers thereof when B is CHOH.These products are useful in therapy as antithrombotics.

Abstract: Mono- and di-saccharidyl derivatives that are linked via a bridge member to a cephalin derivative, of the formula I, and processes for their manufacture are described. ##STR1## In the formula, R.sup.1 represents (a) aldohexosyl, (b) D-aldohexosyl that is glycosidically linked in the 4- or the 6-position to D-aldohexosyl, (c) aldopentosyl, (d) 6-deoxyaldohexosyl or (e) 2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-D-aldohexosyl, it being possible for free hydroxy groups present in the radicals mentioned under (a) to (e) above to be peracetylated, X represents oxygen or sulphur, Y represents alkylene having up to 10 carbon atoms in which from 1 to 3 non-terminal methylene groups may be replaced by oxygen, by carbonylimino or by carbonyloxy, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl or carbamoyl, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen and R.sup.4 represents a 1,2-dihydroxy-ethyl, 2-hydroxy-ethyl or hydroxymethyl group in which at least one hydroxy group is esterified by an unsubstituted aliphatic C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for preparing unprotected hydroxy compounds or acylated derivatives thereof by conversion of silyl alkyl-protected hydroxy compounds. The invention also relates to novel intermediates useful in the method and for other purposes.

Abstract: Disclosed are selected 4-acyl-2,6-dialkylphenyl adducts of mono- and polysaccharides, which are useful an antioxidants in organic materials (e.g. polyolefins) normally subject to oxidative degradation.

Abstract: Novel 4'-deshydroxyepipodophyllotoxin glucosides are provided as antitumor agents useful in inhibiting the growth of mammalian tumors. The invention also provides novel intermediates and processes for the preparation of the 4'-deshydroxyepipodophyllotoxin glucoside end-products. A preferred embodiment is 4'-deshydroxyetoposide.

Abstract: Novel physiologically active substances KS-501 and KS-502 having inhibitory activity on serotonin release from platelets and/or platelet aggregation are produced by culturing a microorganism of the genus Sporothrix.

Abstract: O-glycosidic compounds useful for therapy or prophylaxis of a wide variety of diseases, for diagnostic use or as research chemicals. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the O-glycosidic compounds.

Abstract: Monosialoganglioside is prepared by heating ganglioside at a temperature higher than 50.degree. C. in a liquid medium containing water.

Abstract: Alkyloligoglycosides are prepared by glycoside alcoholysis of lower alkylglycosides with alcohols. The average degree of oligomerization is adjusted by the use of catalytic amounts of an acid.

Abstract: Crosslinked glycosaminoglycans or salts thereof prepared by crosslinking glycosaminoglycan or salts thereof with a polyfunctional epoxy compound wherein a crosslinking index is 0.005 or more per 1 mole of repeating disaccharides in glycosaminoglycan, and having various medical and cosmetic uses.

Abstract: A second-step virus binding receptor is found in nature on the surface of animal and plant cells. This receptor is thought to be needed for virus penetration into target cells. The second-step receptor has been found to bind a wide variety of viruses belonging to a number of different families. The second-step receptor and natural or synthetic substances which correspond to or are analogous to the binding epitope of the second-step receptor in that they are able to bind to a site on the virus which recognizes the binding epitope of the natural second-step receptor, are therefore indicated for the diagnosis, prophylaxis or treatment of viral infections.

Abstract: A process and a reagent for the determination of .alpha.-amylase involve enzymatic splitting of an .alpha.-amylase substrate in the presence of .alpha.-glucosidase and .beta.-glucosidase and measurement of a fission product. As substrate, there is used a 4-nitrophenyl-.beta.,D-maltoheptaoside electronegatively substituted in the phenyl nucleus.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the selective anomeric deacetylation of sugar derivatives, which may be substituted by substituents such as acetoxy, chloracetoxy, alkoxy, azido, etc., by means of tin compounds R.sub.3 SnOR' or R.sub.2 SnO where R is lower alkyl resulting either directly in the desired anomeric compound or in an intermediate which is converted to the desired compound by silica or by acid hydrolysis.

Abstract: There are provided novel nitrogen containing derivatives of epipodophyllotoxin glucoside derivatives. The novel compounds of the present invention are useful as tumor inhibiting agents.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition having a complex network structure that is formed by mixing glucomannan and optionally another natural polysaccharide with a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin or a concentrated water solution thereof in the presence or absence of an alkali. When dissolved in water, this composition forms an aqueous solution which can be shape and dried into a film. This film may be eaten directly. Alternatively, it may serve as the shell of a soft capsule or may be used as a food packaging material that is edible together with the food being packaged. The film can also be used as a semipermeable membrane for separating a low-molecular weight substance from a high-molecular weight substance. Other uses of the film include a casing for use in the manufacture of smoked food products and a wound dressing.

Abstract: Derivatives of 3-acylamino-3-deoxyallose represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be hydrogen atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be in combination an isopropylidene group, R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom or alkyl group, and R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom or acyl group, are disclosed. One of the typical compound 3-deoxy-3-(3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino)-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylide ne- .alpha.-D-allofuranose is prepared by reacting 3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid and 3-amino-3-deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-.alpha.-D-allofuranose in the presence of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, as a dehydrating agent. The compound has an excellent carcinostatic activity.

Abstract: N-Demethylefrotomycin, a valuable new antibiotic substance, is produced by the microbial conversion of mocimycin using a novel, efrotomycin-producing, microbial species ATCC 53758.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing alkyloligoglycosides. Alkyloligoglycosides and alkylglycosides having alkyl groups with 8 to 24 carbon atoms, which are of interest in home economics and in the cosmetics industry, can be manufactured by glycosidation and transglycosidation. Light-colored alkyloligoglycosides and alkylglycosides are manufactured from saccharides and alcohols by glycosidation and transglycosidation with the addition of polar polymeric complex-forming agents, and by bleaching of the final products with peroxides.

Abstract: A process for the single-stage preparation of glycosyl fluorides by dissolving saccharides in liquid hydrogen fluoride and evaporating the hydrogen fluoride, wherein the resulting glycosyl fluoride is isolated in such a way that, when the evaporation of the hydrogen fluoride is started at a relatively high temperature, in general at -20.degree. to +20.degree. C., the evaporation is effected at a high evaporation rate or, when a low evaporation rate is used at the start of the evaporation, a sufficiently low temperature is set, in general -80.degree. C. to -30.degree. C.

Abstract: According to the present invention, in the first instance, new aminopolyols, which can be obtained from the disaccharides isomaltose, isomaltulose and .alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl (1.fwdarw.1)-D-fructose, are prepared. These compounds, designated as isomaltamines and having the formulae: ##STR1## as well as mixtures of the same, are produced by the reductive amination of the aforementioned saccharides by means of ammonia or hydrazine compounds in the presence of catalysts, such as Raney nickel, and hydrogen, or by means of complex metallic hydrides, such as sodium borohydride, in solution or suspension. The invention relates, furthermore, to the N-acyl derivatives of the individual isomaltamines or their mixtures as well as to the production of the N-acylates by a selective N-acylation. Depending upon the nature of the acyl radical, these acylates can be used for example, as surfactants or (similarly to N-acrylamide) for the production of polymers.

Abstract: Alkyl glycoside fatty acid polyesters having at least four fatty acid ester groups being both saturated and unsaturated and having 4 to 24 carbon atoms wherein the alkyl glycoside moiety comprises a saccharide and an alkyl portion are suitable for use as a low calorie fat substitute food composition.

Abstract: Malignant, neoplastic cells are treated by inhibiting glucose transport into the cell by administering phlorizin, phloretin or its analogs while concurrently administering adjunct therapy such as heat, radiation or chemotherapy. In this manner, the cells are prevented from growing or repairing the damage caused by the adjunct therapy, which can be administered in dosages that would otherwise be non-lethal if used alone.

Abstract: Prodrugs of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors which are useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents and are represented by the following general structural formula (I): ##STR1## are disclosed.

Abstract: A new method for the production of 3,6-Di-O-methyl-D-glucose is presented.

Abstract: Directly compressible powdered maltitol having a richness in maltitol higher than 85% by weight and a compressibility, determined in a test A, higher than 80 N.

Abstract: The novel chlorinated sugar O-.alpha.-D-6-chloro-6-deoxygalactopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.6)-.alpha.-D-4-chlo ro-4-deoxygalactopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.2)-.beta.-D-1, 6-dichloro-1, 6-dideoxyfructofuranoside (TCR) can be used to prepare sucralose by incubating the TCR in solution in the presence of an enzyme serving to remove the 6-chloro-6-deoxygalactosyl moiety from the 6-position, especially an enzyme derived from a strain of Mortierella vinacea, Circinella muscae or Aspergillus niger. TCR is prepared by treating raffinose with thionyl chloride in the presence of triphenylphosphine oxide.

Abstract: A radioiodinated branched carbohydrate for tissue imaging. Iodine-123 is stabilized in the compound by attaching it to a vinyl functional group that is on the carbohydrate. The compound exhibits good uptake and retention and is promising in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for brain, heart and tumor imaging.

Abstract: Catalytic quantities of urea are used in the alkoxylation of aqueous sucrose to prepare low color polyols useful in rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel therapeutic composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier containing a therapeutically effective amount of an ethereal monosubstitution of a monosaccharide derivative having the general formula S-O-Y, wherein S is the residue of the monosaccharide derivative selected from the group consisting of pentoses, hexoses and heptoses as single or polysubstituted acetals, ketals or esters and Y is selected from the group consisting of cyclic monovalent nitrogen-containing organic radicals and residua and monovalent organic radicals and residua having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent organic radical having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of --H, --OH, --SH; halogen and monovalent organic radicals and residua having a linear carbon chain length of about 1-7 carbon atoms.