Abstract: A novel process for efficiently and easily producing a compound represented by the formula: wherein ring A is a benzene ring that may be optionally further substituted in addition to the group represented by W, or a salt thereof; which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula: wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, Y is a halogen atom, ring A is a benzene ring that may be optionally further substituted in addition to the group represented by Y and ring B is an optionally substituted benzene ring, or a salt thereof, with a compound represented by the formula: WH wherein W is wherein ring C is an optionally substituted benzene ring, ring D is an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, R3 is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing an aromatic group or an acyl group, and R4 is a hydrogen atom, an opt

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula I and dielectrically positive liquid crystalline media comprising a dielectrically positive component, component A, comprising a dielectrically positive compound of formula I, and optionally a second dielectrically positive component, component B, comprising one or more dielectrically positive compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of more than 3, and optionally a dielectric neutral component, component C, as well as to liquid crystal displays comprising these media, especially to active matrix displays and in particular to TN and to IPS displays.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel 3,4-diamino-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in the treatment of disorders related to potassium channel.

Abstract: Described are photochromic materials of indeno [2?,3?:3,4]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran structure, characterized in that they have a nitrogen or sulfur containing substituent at the 11-position ring atom, are substantially free of spiro-substituents at the 13-position and have been adapted to provide an increase in the sensitivity, visible lambda max or a combination thereof as measured in the Indenonaphthopyran Photochromic Performance Test. Optional substituents can be present at the other positions of the indeno [2?,3?:3,4]naphtho [1,2-b]pyran structure. Also described are naphthols used to produce the photochromic materials and photochromic articles that contain or that have coatings containing at least one of the novel photochromic materials or combinations thereof with other photochromic materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the perfumery industry. It concerns more particularly an alcohol, ester, ether or ketone derivative having a spiro-type skeleton, the latter being substituted by short alkyl groups. The invention also relates to the use of the invention compounds as perfuming ingredients, able to impart a woody and/or aromatic, as well as to the perfumed articles or perfuming compositions comprising as active ingredient a compound of formula (I).

Abstract: Methods of performing cycloadditions are described that include (a) combining a first reactant and a second reactant in a hydrogen bonding solvent to form a reaction mixture; and (b) reacting the first reactant and the second reactant to form a cycloadduct. Methods of performing asymmetric catalytic reactions are also described that include (a) combining a first reactant, a second reactant, and a catalytic amount of a chiral hydrogen-bond donor in a solvent to form a reaction mixture; and (b) reacting the first reactant and the second reactant to form an enantiomeric excess of a reaction product. Reaction mixtures corresponding to these methods are also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for the preparation of 7-carboxy substituted steroid compounds of Formula I, wherein R1 is selected from H or COR4; R4 is C1–C6 alkyl or C1–C6 alkoxy; R3 is C1–C6 alkyl; Z1 is —CH2— or ?wherein O—COR4 is in the ? configuration; Z2 is —CH—; or Z1 and Z2 may be taken together to form a carbon-carbon double bond; Q is These intermediates are useful in the preparation of 7-carboxy substituted steroid compounds, and particularly, the invention is directed to novel and advantageous methods for the preparation of 9,11-?-epoxy-17-?-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-ene-?-7-21-dicarboxylic acid, ?-lactone, methyl ester (eplerenone; epoxymexrenone).

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formula: wherein (a) is a single or double bond; W is CH, CH2, CHCH3, CCH3, C(CH3)2, C(CH2)2 or C(CH2)3, provided that when (a) is a double bond, then W is CH or CCH3, and when (a) is a single bond, then W is CH2, CHCH3, C(CH3)2, C(CH2)2 or C(CH2)3; X is CH or N; and Y is H or F, and salts, hydrates, tautomers, pure enantiomers, and enantiomeric mixtures; and a method of treating schizophrenia comprising administering same.

Abstract: The compound according to the formula set forth below and the use of the compound in creating fragrances, and scents in items such as perfumes, colognes and personal care products is disclosed.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I) wherein R1 represents hydrogen atom and R2 represents hydroxyl group, or R1 and R2 may combine together to represent oxo group or oxime group; R3 represents hydrogen atom and R4 represents hydroxyl group, or R3 and R4 may combine together to represent oxo group or oxime group; R5 represents hydrogen atom and R6 represents hydroxyl group, or R5 and R6 may combine together to represent oxo group or oxime group; R7 represents hydrogen atom and R8 represents hydrogen atom, or R7 and R8 may combine together to represent oxo group or oxime group; R9 and R10 represent hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkenyl group.

Abstract: The invention relates to 1,2-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-5,9-dioxacyclohepta[f]inden-7-ones and 7-substituted benzo[b][1,4]dioxepin-3-ones and to the use of these compounds in fragrance compositions.

Abstract: A photochromic naphthopyran displays good color distribution when the naphthopyran has a central nucleus of the formula: wherein F is a 5-member, 6-member, or 7-member heterocyclic ring group having only one heteroatom, the heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen, the 2,3 or 3,2 positions of the heterocyclic ring fused to the g, h, or i side; R1 and R2 are the atoms or groups providing photochromic properties to the naphthopyran.

Abstract: The present invention provides illudin analogs of the general formula (I): where R1 is (CH2)n—X—Y or H; n is 0 to 4; X is O or S or N or absent; and Y is an optionally substituted (C1-C8)alkyl, (C6-C10)aryl, (C6-C10)aryl(C1-C4)alkyl or cyclo(C3-C6)alkyl optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms; a monosaccharide, an amino acid residue, or H when n is 2-4; R2 is absent; or R1 and R2 together comprise a 5-7 membered cyclic ring; R3 is (C1-C4)alkyl or H; R4 is H, SCH2CO2 (C1-C4)alkyl, O—(C5-C12)aryl or —S—(C5-C12)aryl; R5 is H, OH or absent; R6 is (C1-C4)alkyl or absent; R7 is OH or OSi((C1-C4)alkyl)3; or R6 and R7 together are ethylenedioxy; R8 is optionally substituted (C1-C4)alkyl; and the bonds represented by ----- are individually present or absent. The invention further provides dimers comprising analogs of formula (I).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the general formula I in which R1 represents a C1-C20-alkyl group, a C3-C12-cycloalkyl group, a C7-C12-aralkyl group or a mono- or bi-nuclear aryl group, in which a ketone of formula II wherein R1 is as defined above, is subjected to asymmetric hydrogenation.

Abstract: Aldehydes containing a difluorooxymethylene bridge, of the general formula I

Abstract: Di(ketene acetals) are prepared by photoisometizing the corresponding di(vinyl acetals).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating a disorder responsive to the positive modulation of AMPA receptors in animals suffering therefrom, comprising administering to an animal in need thereof a compound of Formula I: 1

Abstract: Novel chromene compounds having various substituents to exhibit a high color-developing sensitivity and a high density even when dispersed in a high-molecular matrix, and exhibiting a large fading rate, less color when deteriorated, and excellent light resistance in the photochromic properties; photochromic materials containing the chromene compounds; and use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel arylphenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) in which X represents halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy, halogenoalkenyloxy, nitro, cyano or in each case optionally substituted phenyl, phenoxy, phenylthio, phenylalkoxy or phenylalkylthio, Y represents in each case optionally substituted cycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl, W and Y independently of one another each represent hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy, halogenoalkenyloxy, nitro or cyano, CKE represents one of the groups  in which A, B, D, G and Q1 to Q6 are each as defined in the description, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and herbicides.

Abstract: 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran derivatives of general formula (1): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl group; R2, R3 and R4 represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkenyl group; R5 and R6 combine to form a cycloalkyl group or a saturated heterocyclic group containing one or more oxygen atoms or sulfur atoms, provided that R2 and R3 can not simultaneously represent a t-butyl group, or optically active isomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are useful as therapeutic or prophylactic agents for various renal diseases and as organ preservatives.

Abstract: Photochromic pyran compounds and their use in synthetic resin objects of all types, especially for ophthalmic applications, particularly spiro compounds having a fluorene structure derived from naphthopyrans, which are known as spirofluorenopyrans. By introducing respectively only one strongly electron donating or withdrawing group at specific positions in the periphery of the pyran dye, photochromic compounds obtained which in the excited state are distinguished by an expanded color spectrum, while simulataneously offering comparably good bleaching rates and good durability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel biphenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) in which W represents hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy, halogenoalkenyloxy, nitro or cyano, X represents halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy, halogenoalkenyloxy, nitro, cyano or in each case optionally substituted phenyl, phenoxy, phenylthio, phenylalkoxy or phenylalkylthio, Y represents in each case optionally substituted cycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl, Z represents hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogenoalkyl or halogenoalkoxy, CKE represents one of the groups  in which A, B, D, L, M, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6 are as defined in the description, to preparation and to their use as pesticides and herbicides.

Abstract: The present invention provides illudin analogs of the general formula (I): where R1 is (CH2)n—X—Y or H; n is 0 to 4; X is O or S or N or absent; and Y is an optionally substituted (C1-C8)alkyl, (C6-C10)aryl, (C6-C10)aryl(C1-C4)alkyl or cyclo(C3-C6)alkyl optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms; a monosaccharide, an amino acid residue, or H when n is 2-4; R2 is absent; or R1 and R2 together comprise a 5-7 membered cyclic ring; R3 is (C1-C4)alkyl or H; R4 is H, SCH2CO2 (C1-C4)alkyl, O—(C5-C12)aryl or —S—(C5-C12)aryl; R5 is H, OH or absent; R6 is (C1-C4)alkyl or absent; R7 is OH or OSi((C1-C4)alkyl)3; or R6 and R7 together are ethylenedioxy; R8 is optionally substituted (C1-C4)alkyl; and the bonds represented by—are individually present or absent. The invention further provides dimers comprising analogs of formula (I).

Abstract: The compound according to the formula set forth below where A is B is or A and B together form the ring structure and X, R′ and R are independently H and CH3 and m=0 or 1. and the use of the compound in creating fragrances, and scents in items such as perfumes, colognes and personal care products is disclosed.

Abstract: Benzodioxino-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran compounds having particularly advantageous photochromic properties, such as, high sensitivity/coloration, two distinct absorption bands in the 430-500 nm range and 520-620 nm range of the visible spectrum may be generally described as a naphthopyran having a central nucleus of the formula: 1

Abstract: The invention relates to 3,5-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-valeronitriles for the synthesis of epothilones and epothilone derivatives and process for the production of these new intermediate products in the synthesis and the use for the production of epothilones or epothilone derivatives.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of highly pure 1-(mercaptomethyl)-cyclopropaneacetic acid is described. Treatment of 1-(hydroxymethyl)-cyclopropaneacetonitrile with an acid provides the corresponding imino ester and/or halo-amide, which when reacted with thiourea provide the corresponding amide-isothiuronium salt. Hydrolysis of the amide-isothiuronium salt followed by an in situ oxidation allows the facile isolation and purification of 1-[1 -(carboxymethyl)-cyclopropanemethyldisulfanylmethyl]-cyclopropaneacetic acid (also known as 1-(mercaptomethyl)-cyclopropaneacetic acid disulfide). Reduction of the 1-(mercaptomethyl)-cyclopropaneacetic acid disulfide under mild conditions provides the 1-(mercaptomethyl)-cyclopropaneacetic acid with high purity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing 4-substituted resorcinol derivatives, and intermediate compounds useful in the preparation of such resorcinol derivatives.

Abstract: Photochromic pyran compounds and their use in synthetic resin objects of all types, especially for ophthalmic applications, particularly spiro compounds having a fluorene structure derived from naphthopyrans, which are known as spirofluorenopyrans. By introducing respectively only one strongly electron donating or withdrawing group at specific positions in the periphery of the pyran dye, photochromic compounds obtained which in the excited state are distinguished by an expanded color spectrum, while simulataneously offering comparably good bleaching rates and good durability.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a coloring property-improved novel leuco dye which can develop color by heat even with single molecule without requiring excess developer can be obtained, and an image recording medium having high sensitivity and excellent resolution effected by including the dye and a high sensitivity image recording medium further combined with an acid generator can also be obtained. Particularly, it relates to a leuco dye represented by a formula (1) (LD—(A—P1)n) and to an image recording medium which contains the leuco dye (wherein LD represents an acid-sensitive leuco dye mother nucleus, —A represents the residue of an acidic group (—AH) selected from —SO3H, —CO2H and —P(═O)(OH)xRy, R represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent group, x and y are x=1 and y=1 or x=2 and y=0, P1 represents a protecting group which can be removed by the action of light, heat or acid, and n is an integer of 1 or more).

Abstract: 2-Alkoxydecahydro-2,3a,4,4,7-pentamethyl-3,7a-methano-7aH-indeno[5,6-b]furans are valuable novel woody fragrances for the preparation of perfume oils.

Abstract: The present invention provides illudin analogs of the general formula (I): where R1 is (CH2)n—X—Y or H; n is 0 to 4; X is O or S or N or absent; and Y is an optionally substituted (C1-C8)alkyl, (C6-C10)aryl, (C6-C10)aryl(C1-C4)alkyl or cyclo(C3-C6)alkyl optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms; a monosaccharide, an amino acid residue, or H when n is 2-4; R2 is absent; or R1 and R2 together comprise a 5-7 membered cyclic ring; R3 is (C1-C4)alkyl or H; R4 is H, SCH2CO2 (C1-C4)alkyl, O—(C5-C12)aryl or —S—(C5-C12)aryl; R5 is H, OH or absent; R6 is (C1-C4)alkyl or absent; R7 is OH or OSi((C1-C4)alkyl)3; or R6 and R7 together are ethylenedioxy; R8 is optionally substituted (C1-C4)alkyl; and the bonds represented by ----- are individually present or absent. The invention further provides dimers comprising analogs of formula (I).

Abstract: A photochromic compound having a high color-developing sensitivity, a large fading rate and good durability of photochromic property. A novel chromene compound is, for example, represented by the following formula, and in which, as a basic structure, a condensed ring having a particular divalent group bonded to carbon atoms at the fourth and fifth positions of a fluoreno group is spiro-bonded to the first position of an indene ring, a particular divalent group is bonded to carbon atoms at the fifth and sixth positions of a chromene ring to form a condensed ring, and particular substituents are bonded to a carbon atom at the second position of the chromene ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to specific photochromic 3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran derivatives and to their use in plastics of all types, especially for ophthalmic purposes. In particular, the present invention relates to spiro compounds derived from naphthopyrans and having a fluorene structure, referred to as spirofluorenopyrans, in which an annelated ring system is joined by a spiro bond to the central carbon atom of the fluorene structure.

Abstract: This invention relates to intermediates in the preparation of acridin derivatives of general formula or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and to a method of producing them.

Abstract: The invention encompasses the novel compound of Formula I useful in the treatment of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases. The invention also encompasses certain pharmaceutical compositions for treatment of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases comprising compounds of Formula I.

Abstract: Novel spiro piperdine derivatives of formula (I), in which P.sup.1, P.sup.2, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.2 ', R.sup.3, m, A, E, G, X, Y, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 have the meanings defined in claim 1 are described, as well as their use for preparing medicaments which have 5HT1D receptor antagonist activity.

Abstract: Certain novel substituted (5,6)-dihydroanthracenyl compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein A, n, p, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are as defined in the specification exhibit retinoid-like properties and are particularly useful in the prevention of post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: A new class of stable dioxetanes bears a polycyclic stabilizing group and aryloxy moiety, the oxygen atom of which is provided with a protective group which can be removed by an enzymatic or chemical trigger admixed with the dioxetane. The polycyclic stabilizing group is preferably spiroadamantane. The group further bears an alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy or cycloalkyloxy moiety which is partially or completely substituted with halogens, particularly fluorine and chlorine. Proper selection of electron active groups on the stabilizing moiety, the aryl group and the OR group yields enhanced enzyme kinetics, superior light intensity and excellent detection sensitivity in various assays.

Abstract: Enzymatically cleavable chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetane compounds capable of producing light energy when decomposed, substantially stable at room temperature before a bond by which an enzymatically cleavable labile substituent thereof is intentionally cleaved, are disclosed. These compounds can be represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: X and X.sup.1 each represent, individually, hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a halo substituent, an unsubstituted lower alkyl group, a hydroxy (lower) alkyl group, a halo (lower) alkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, an alkoxyphenyl group, a hydroxyalkoxy group, a cyano group or an amide group, with at least one of X and X.sup.1 being other than hydrogen; andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2, individually or together, represent an organic substituent that does not interfere with the production of light when the dioxetane compound is enzymatically cleaved and that satisfies the valence of the dioxetane compound's 4-carbon atom, with the provisos that if R.sup.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: Described are novel 7-methylidene-5-oxo-furo fused naphthopyran compounds having certain substituents at the 2 position of the pyran ring. Also described are polymeric organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to new azatrioxaspiroalkenes of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are identical or different and independently of one another in each case represent optionally substituted aryl, to processes for their preparation, to new intermediates, and to the use of the azatrioxaspiroalkenes of the formula (I) as pesticides.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of synthesizing compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R and R' are independently (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl.

Abstract: Spiropyrone compounds represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## is a substituted or an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or a substituted or an unsubstituted unsaturated heterocyclic group, and ##STR3## is a substituted or an unsubstituted 2-bicyclo?3,3,1!9-nonenylidene group, that are starting materials of spiropyran compounds which change from a colorless state into a colored or a densely colored state upon irradiation with the light containing ultraviolet rays such as the sunlight or the light of a mercury lamp, the change being reversible, and a process for preparing the spiropyrone compounds. The process comprises reacting a compound represented by the general formula ##STR4## wherein ##STR5## is as defined above, with a compound of the general formula ##STR6## wherein ##STR7## is as defined above.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing a substrate susceptible to nucleophilic oxidation by reacting a bicaroate or monopersulfate solution with the substrate is disclosed. In one aspect, the substrate is introduced into the reaction mixture in an inert carrier gas, which can also serve to sweep the product out of the mixture. In a second aspect the oxidation solution is obtained by a two stage neutralization of a Caro's acid solution, the first stage to e.g. 0.5 to 2.0 and the second stage to about 7 to 9. In preferred embodiments, the substrate is introduced into partially neutralized Caro's acid, and the second stage neutralization in the presence of the substrate is most preferably carried out with an alkali salt such as sodium bicarbonate. The process can employ relatively low ratios of substrate: Caro's acid oxidant and homogeneous reaction conditions. The process is particularly useful for preparing dioxiranes from ketones.

Abstract: Described are stelleramacrin A and stelleramacrin B represented by the following formulas (I) and (II), respectively: ##STR1## a process for the preparation thereof; and anticancer agents containing either of them as an active ingredient.Therapeutics for solid cancer, said therapeutics containing either of gnidimacrin or pimelea factor P.sub.2 as an active ingredient, are also described.

Abstract: The invention concerns photochromic compounds with general formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sup.a, R.sup.b and R.sup.c represent hydrogen; alkyl, aryl, OR, SR, COR or COOR, where R represents hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, amino with formula NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may together form a heterocycle containing four to seven members with the nitrogen atom and may intracyclically contain one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, or a halogen atom; a mono- or polyhaloalkyl; an NO.sub.

Abstract: Spiroadamantyl dioxetanes bearing an alkoxy substituent, and a phenyl substituted on the dioxetane ring can be activated to chemiluminesce if the aromatic substituent bears a meta-substituted moiety designated OX, wherein the X is cleaved by an enzyme with which the dioxetane is permitted to come in contact with. The T.sub.1/2 kinetics of the chemiluminescent reaction, as well as the signal intensity and/or quantum yield of the chemiluminescent reaction, can be altered by addition of a chlorine substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. Signal strength can further be enhanced by recognized chemiluminescent enhancers.

Abstract: Cyclic acetals of the formula I ##STR1## where the substituents have the following meanings: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or phenyl; additionally R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are an unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkylene chain;Y is oxygen or sulfur;A has the meaning as given in claim 1;a process for preparing the acetals I and their use for the production of crop protection compositions are described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 2,5-dihydrofurans by the homogeneous, liquid phase isomerization of .gamma.,.delta.-epoxyalkene compounds wherein a .gamma.,.delta.-epoxyalkene compound is isomerized in an inert, organic solvent containing a catalytic amount of a soluble copper salt. The process is particularly useful for the conversion of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene to 2,5-dihydrofuran.