Abstract: A lipid-improving agent containing a triglyceride(s) where a poly-unsaturated fatty acid is bonded to 2-position of a triglyceride(s).

Abstract: The present invention discloses the signaling pathway involved in erythroid repression by iron deficiency. Further disclosed is a non-toxic small-molecule compound which potently reverses the erythroid repression caused by iron deficiency. The present invention further encompasses novel compounds for inhibition of red cell production, useful, for example, in the treatment of polycythemia vera, a malignancy causing uncontrolled red cell production. These inhibitory compounds also promote megakary-ocytic lineage commitment and may therefore be useful for augmentation of platelet production. The present invention further discloses isocitrate reversal of iron deprivation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to olefin metathesis processes for the manufacture of a compound of the formula (I) which is a novel useful intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metal processing lubricant compositions that are based on polyhydrocarbyl esters of aliphatic polyols, in particular tetrahydrocarbyl esters of pentaerythritol, wherein at least one hydrocarbyl group of the tetrahydrocarbyl ester comprises 6-14 carbon atoms and the other hydrocarbyl groups comprise 6-20 carbon atoms. The compositions are in particular suitable for metal forming operations, e.g. a cold rolling operation, a hot rolling operation or a drawing operation, and metal removing operations, e.g. grinding, milling, cutting, turning and honing.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a novel process for the preparation of a chiral compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is hydroxyl or a group which activates the carboxyl and R2 is alkyl optionally substituted by halogen or benzyl, its preparation, its application in the synthesis of chiral 2-bromomethyl-2-ethylhexanoic acid and novel intermediates.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds, which are suitable for coupling to pharmaceuticals, in particular biopharmaceuticals, in addition to conjugates from the compounds comprising biomolecules or pharmaceutically active substances. The inventive compounds are highly cross-linked and can be formed in a simple manner by using a central cross-linking module. The invention also relates to the use of conjugates as an improved formulation of pharmaceuticals and to the production thereof.

Abstract: There are provided a novel hydroxyl compound having proper hydroxyl values which exhibits not only excellent moisturizing ability and emollient ability when it is blended in cosmetics, but also, among others, excellent gloss-holding ability, and a cosmetic comprising said hydroxyl compound. A hydroxyl compound obtained by reacting a di- or higher-valent alcohol with a monovalent carboxylic acid to obtain an ester compound, which is then reacted with dimer acid, characterized in that the di- or higher-valent alcohol is diglycerin, and the monovalent carboxylic acid is a carboxylic acid having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and a molar ratio among diglycerin, the carboxylic acid having 5 to 10 carbon atoms and dimer acid is 1.0:1.5 to 1.6:0.4 to 0.6.

Abstract: The invention relates to trans carotenoid salt compounds, methods for making them, methods for solubilizing them and uses thereof. These compounds are useful in improving diffusivity of oxygen between red blood cells and body tissues in mammals including humans.

Abstract: Acetals are formed from an aldehyde hydrogenation product mixture comprising alcohols and at most 2% of alde-hydes and the product is distilled to yield purified alcohols and a second stream containing acetals and/or unsaturated ethers.

Abstract: A coalescent composition for coating compositions such as paints, adhesives, and coatings comprising a blend of diesters, the blend comprising adducts of alcohol and diacids, the alcohol selected from the group consisting of ethyl, propyl, isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof, and the diacids selected from the group consisting of a blend of adipic, glutaric and succinic diacids (“AGS”) and a blend of adipic, methylglutaric, and ethylsuccinic diacids (“MGA”), and paint, adhesive, and coating compositions comprising such coalescent compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: A compound comprising Formula 2A, 2B, or 2C (Ra—O—CO—)2Y Formula 2A Ra—O—CO—Y—CO—O—(CH2CH2)Rf Formula 2B Ra—O—CO—Y—CO—O—R Formula 2C wherein Ra is the group (i) Rf(CH2CF2)d—(CgH2g)—; (ii) RfOCF2CF2—(CgH2g)—; (iii) Rf OCFHCF2O(CH2CH2O)v—(CgH2g)—; (iv) RfOCFHCF2O(CwH2w)—; (v) RfOCF(CF3)CONH—(CgH2g)—; or (vi) Rf(CH2)h[(CF2CF2)i(CH2CH2)j]k; each Rf is independently CcF(2c+1); c is 2 to about 6; d is 1 to about 3; g is 1 to 4; v is 1 to about 4; w is from about 3 to about 12; h is 1 to about 6; i, j, and k are each independently 1, 2, or 3, or a mixture thereof; provided that the total number of carbon atoms in group (vi) is from about 8 to about 22; Y is a linear or branched diradical having olefinic unsaturation of the formula —CeH(2e-2)— wherein e is 2 or 3; R is H or a linear or branched alkyl group CbH(2b+1)—; and b is from 1 to about 18.

Abstract: The invention relates to di- and tri-carboxylic acid compounds and polyester oligomers and polymers made therefrom. Curable compositions comprising the polyester oligomers and polymers are also described.

Abstract: There is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing x carbon atoms, wherein x is from 1 to 10, wherein one of R2 and R3 is an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing y carbon atoms, wherein y is from 1 to 10, wherein the other of R2 and R3 is a branched group of the formula (II) wherein q is from 0 to 3, wherein each R5 is independently selected from —OH and —O—C(O)—R4, wherein n is from 10 to 20 and m is selected from 2n-q, 2n-2-q, 2n-4-q, and 2n-6-q, wherein each R4 is independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups containing z carbon atoms, wherein z is from 7 to 21, wherein z is different to at least one of x and y.

Abstract: A method for efficiently producing 4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)-2-oxobutanoic acid, useful as a production intermediate of herbicide L-AMPB. The method comprises using a compound represented by the below formula (4): (4) where R1 represents a C1-4 alkyl group, arylmethyl group, or substituted arylmethyl group.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for photo-initiated carbonylation with carbon-isotope labeled carbon monoxide using alkyl/aryl iodides with alcohols pretreated by a base are provided. The resultant carbon-isotope labeled esters are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, especially for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Associated kits for PET studies are also provided.

Abstract: Triglyceride PVC plasticizers can be produced by recovery of C5 to C10 aldehydes having low average levels of branching from a hydroformylation product, oxidizing the aldehydes with oxygen and/or air to form an acid, recovery of the resulting acid, and esterification with glycerol. Plasticizer compositions including such products or linear triglycerides combined with a secondary plasticizer and articles made therefrom are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds comprising an ester group for the detection in vivo of cells undergoing cell death (“dying cells”) such as, for example, cells undergoing apoptosis. These compounds are selectively retained in dying cells relative to normal cells. Thus, the compounds may be used in the detection, diagnosis and treatment of clinical conditions manifested by a cell death process.

Abstract: Inhibiting formation of optical artifacts in a multi-layer film polarizer of an optical imaging assembly that includes a polarizing beam splitter. The beam splitter may include a multilayer reflective polarizing film having at least two materials, one of which may exhibit birefringence after uniaxial orientation; an adhesive disposed on the multilayer reflective polarizing film; and at least a first prism disposed on the adhesive. The adhesive may include a plasticizer for inhibiting formation of optical artifacts in the polarizing film.

Abstract: A grease which comprises a base oil containing at least 50% by mass of a diester compound having a total carbon number of 28 to 40 and represented by the general formula (I): R1OOC—(R2)n—COOR3 ??(I) wherein R1 and R3 each independently represent a C4 to C20 monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R2 represents a C1 to C20 divalent hydrocarbon group and n is 0 or 1. The grease is excellent in both low-temperature performance and high-temperature performance and has low oil separation tendency even under high centrifugal force (acceleration). In particular, when the grease is used in a rotational transmission device having a built-in one-way clutch, the grease can provide satisfactory clutch engagement property (intermeshing ability) at low temperatures and a prolonged bearing life at high temperatures and is less apt to cause oil separation under high centrifugal force.

Abstract: Therapeutic and cosmetic treatments are performed through the application of azelaic acid ester compositions to patients suffering from or exhibiting tissue inflammation. The diagnosis, characterization and treatment of a patient suffering from or exhibiting tissue inflammation may be enhanced by using selected proteinaceous biomarkers obtained from analysis of said markers by means of multiplexed immunoassay and comparison to the biomarker levels of healthy tissue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aminoalkyl substituted fumarates and there use as malodor neutralizers.

Abstract: Gabapentin prodrugs and intermediates thereof are described.

Abstract: An additive of the formula (1) for use in electrolytic solutions wherein A is —CH(X)— or —C?C(X)—, X being hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, benzoyl or alkoxycarbonylalkyl having 3 to 9 carbon atoms, Q1 and Q2 are the same or different and are each alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonylalkyl having 3 to 9 carbon atoms or amino having as a substituent alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and A, Q1 and Q2 may form a ring structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula (4), and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates, which are useful as inhibitors of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase enzyme and are also useful for the treatment of HCV infections in HCV-infected mammals. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of formula (4), their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates. Furthermore, the present invention provides intermediate compounds and methods useful in the preparation of compounds of formula (4).

Abstract: The present invention relates to oligoesters and their use or the creation of additives. Oligoester containing additives and/or oligoesters themselves may be used for formulating pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics or personal care products such as shampoos and conditioners. These oligoesters are particularly useful for the creation of multi-purpose additives that can impart conditioning, long substantivity and/or UV protection. Individual oligoesters and oligoester mixtures are described.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I or I?, where the radicals R1 are each, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or C1-C4-alkyl and R?1, is C1-C4-alkyl; X1 and X2 are each, independently of one another, a sec-phosphino group; R2 is hydrogen, R01R02R03Si— is halogen-, hydroxyl-, C1-C8-alkoxy- or R04R05N-substituted C1-C18-acyl or is R06—X01—C(O)—; R01, R02 and R03 are each, independently of one another, C1-C12-alkyl, unsubstituted or C1-C4-alkyl- or C1-C4-alkoxy-substituted C6-C10-aryl or C7-C12-aralkyl; R04 and R05 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C6-C10-aryl or C7-C12-aralkyl, or R04 and R05 together are trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene or 3-oxapentylene; R06 is C1-C18-alkyl, unsubstituted or C1-C4-alkyl- or C1-C4-alkoxy-substituted C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C6-C10-aryl or C7-C12-aralkyl; X01 is —O— or —NH—; T is C-bonded C3-C20-heteroarylene; v is 0 or an integer from 1 to 4; X1 in the heteroring of the heteroarylene is bound in the ortho position relative

Abstract: Described are methods of making organic compounds by metathesis chemistry. The methods of the invention are particularly useful for making industrially-important organic compounds beginning with starting compositions derived from renewable feedstocks, such as natural oils. The methods make use of a cross-metathesis step with an olefin compound to produce functionalized alkene intermediates having a pre-determined double bond position. Once isolated, the functionalized alkene intermediate can be self-metathesized or cross-metathesized (e.g., with a second functionalized alkene) to produce the desired organic compound or a precursor thereto. The method may be used to make bifunctional organic compounds, such as diacids, diesters, dicarboxylate salts, acid/esters, acid/amines, acid/alcohols, acid/aldehydes, acid/ketones, acid/halides, acid/nitriles, ester/amines, ester/alcohols, ester/aldehydes, ester/ketones, ester/halides, ester/nitriles, and the like.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of making organic compounds by metathesis and hydrocyanation. The method of the invention may be used, for example, to make industrial important organic compounds such as diacids, diesters, acid-amines, acid-alcohols, acid-nitriles, ester-amines, ester-alcohols, and ester-nitriles.

Abstract: A coalescent composition for coating compositions such as paints, adhesives, and coatings comprising a blend of dibasic esters, specifically (i) esters of adipic, glutaric, and/or succinic diacids and/or (ii) esters of isomers of adipic acid have advantages, including efficiency and low VOC.

Abstract: Esters of 2-propylheptanol with linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C5-C36 carboxylic acids and C4-C36 dicarboxylic acids, compositions comprising these esters, and to the use of esters of 2-propylheptanol with linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C5-C36-carboxylic acids and/or C4-C36-dicarboxylic acids in cosmetic and/or topical pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing optically active alkylsuccinic acid monoalkyl esters of the formula (I) where D and E are independently of one another H, C1-C10 alkyl, R is C1-C10 alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl.

Abstract: Ligands of the formula (I) secondary phosphine-Q-P(?O)HR1 (I) in the form of mixtures of diastereomers or pure diastereomers, in which secondary phosphine is a secondary phosphine group with hydrocarbon radicals or heterohydrocarbon radicals as substituents; Q is a bivalent bisaryl or bisheteroaryl radical with an axial chiral centre to which the two phosphorus atoms are bonded in the ortho positions to the bisaryl or bisheteroaryl bridge bond, or Q is a bivalent ferrocenyl radical with a planar chiral centre or without a planar chiral centre, to which the phosphorus atom of the secondary phosphine is bonded directly or via a C1-C4-carbon chain to a cyclopentadienyl ring, the —P*(?O)HR1 group is bonded either on the same cyclopentadienyl ring in ortho position to the bonded secondary phosphine or on the other cyclopentadienyl ring; P* is a chiral phosphorus atom, and R1 is a hydrocarbon radical, a heterohydrocarbon radical or a ferrocenyl radical, where R1 is a ferrocenyl radical with a planar chiral centre w

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by formula (1) or a salt thereof: wherein R represents a group that is easily removable upon hydrolysis in vivo. This compound is usable in the production of prodrug-type carbapenem antibacterial agents for oral administration. The use of this compound in the process of production of the antibacterial agents can realize enhanced production efficiency and reduced production cost.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing biodiesel fuel, i.e., alkyl ester, from vegetable and/or animal oil. A transesterification catalyst is prepared in a base catalyst tank by spraying alkyl alcohol under pressure through jets at metal hydroxide pellets until the pellets have fully reacted with the alcohol. The oil is heated and transesterified in the presence of alkyl alcohol and the transesterification catalyst in a closed, recirculating transesterification flow system under slight cavitation to yield product alkyl ester and product glycerol. Cavitation is achieved by permitting air to enter the transesterification flow system through an adjustable air inlet valve. When permitted to stand, product alkyl ester forms an upper layer that is decanted and subjected to purification steps, to remove particulates and alkyl alcohol from the product alkyl ester, and a lower layer of product glycerol is drained away.

Abstract: A method for performing an iron-catalyzed allylic alkylation includes the preparation of a reaction mixture obtainable from (i) an allylic substrate with the structural element C?C—C—X, wherein X comprises a leaving group that represents a carbonate, (ii) an active Fe(-II) catalyst complex, (iii) at least one ligand, (iv) at least one solvent, and (v) a nucleophile or pronucleophile.

Abstract: A cellulose-film modifier, having a compound represented by the following Formula (1): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic or aromatic acyl group; R2, R3 and R4 each represent a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic or aromatic group; and at least one of R2, R3 and R4 represents an aliphatic group bonding via its secondary carbon; a cellulose composition, an optical cellulose film, a polarizing plate-protecting film, a polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: Crosslink agents used to copolymerize at least one hydrophilic monomer with at least one lens monomer typically used to prepare polymeric materials for ophthalmic lenses. The crosslink agents have a relatively high selectivity for the hydrophilic monomer and limited reactivity with the crosslink agent used to polymerize the lens monomer. Accordingly, the invention is also directed to a hydrophilic crosslinked polymer that comprises at least two monomeric units and at least two different crosslink units. The use of the dual crosslink system provides an improved means to control the final chemical, physical and structural characteristics of the resulting polymer.

Abstract: A method for hydrolyzing an ester is provided. In accordance with the method, a compound A is provided which has first and second ester moieties. The compound is reacted in a liquid medium with a base having the formula MaXb, such that the first ester moiety is converted to a carboxyl moiety and the second ester moiety remains, wherein the ratio [Xk?]:[A] in the liquid medium is no greater than 1.6, and wherein k>0.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of pharmaceuticals and medicine. More particularly, the present invention relates to certain compounds (e.g., ?-ketoglutarate compounds; compounds that activate HIF? hydroxylase; compounds that increases the level of ?-ketoglutarate, etc.) and their use in medicine, for example, in the treatment of cancer (e.g., cancer in which the activity of one of the enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is down regulated), in the treatment of angiogenesis (e.g., hypoxia-induced angiogenesis). One preferred class of compounds are ?-ketoglutarate compounds having a hydrophobic moiety that is, or is part of, an ester group formed from one of the acid groups of ?-ketogluartic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, amides, esters, ethers, N-oxides, chemically protected forms, and prodrugs thereof.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an monoalkylidene substituted 1,4-dions derivatives of formula (Ia) or (Ib) or a mixture of (Ia) and (Ib): wherein: R1, R2 and R3, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C1-C20 hydrocarbon groups: T1 and T2, equal to or different from each other, are OR4. R4, NR42, SR4 or PR42; or T1 and T2 can be fused in an oxygen atom or a NR4 group; said process comprises the step of reacting a compound of formula (II), with a compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb), in the presence of at least one equivalent with respect to the compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) of a salts of a base or a neutral base at a temperature higher than 70° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hydrogenation of an organic compound comprising at least one carbonyl group, whereby the organic compound is brought into contact with a moulded body in the presence of hydrogen. Said body may be produced by a method in which (i) an oxidic material is prepared, comprising copper oxide, aluminium oxide, and at least one oxide of lanthanum, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, or zirconium, followed by (ii) addition of powdered metallic copper, copper platelets, powdered cement, graphite, mixtures or a mixture thereof with graphite to the oxidic material and (iii) moulding the mixture from (ii) to give a moulded body, characterised in that the moulded body is in the form of catalyst tablets or catalyst extrudates with a diameter d and/or height h<2.5 mm, catalyst beads with a diameter d<2.5 mm or catalyst honeycomb with a cell diameter rz<2.5 mm.

Abstract: Symmetrical polyols, polyol esters, polyesters, polyurethanes, triazoles, and polyvinylethers derived from glycerol and methods of making the symmetrical polyols, polyesters, polyurethanes, polyhydroxyvinylethers and triazoles are discussed. Also provided is a method of making serinol.

Abstract: A method and composition for extending the lifespan of an individual and delaying the onset of age-related disease is provided. The method includes the administration of an effective dose of oxaloacetate, wherein the oxaloacetate acts to mimic the cellular conditions obtained under caloric restriction to provide similar benefits. The invention further includes methods and compositions for reducing the incidence or treatment of cancer. Compositions and methods for reducing body fat by administering an effective amount of oxaloacetate are likewise provided. Compositions for DNA repair in UV damaged cells is provided are also provided. Similarly, a method for treating a hang-over comprising administering an effective amount of oxaloacetate is disclosed.

Abstract: A therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia which has no side effects on the liver unlike conventional MTP inhibitors and has excellent MTP inhibitory activity. Also, provided is an ester compound represented by the general formula (1): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel amino acid salts of fumaric acid monoalkylesters. The salts are suitable for use as active substances in the treatment of e.g. psoriasis or other hyperproliferative, inflammatory or autoimmune disorders.

Abstract: Phosphoramidites with the general formulae I to VI are claimed together with the use of these compounds as ligands of transition metal compounds, in particular in transition metal catalysts, in the hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation, hydroboration, hydrocyanation, 1,4-addition, hydroformylation, hydrosilylation, hydrovinylation, and Heck reactions of prochiral olefins, ketones, or ketimines.

Abstract: The present invention provides oils for cosmetics comprising a dibasic acid diester represented by general formula (I) (wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4, which are the same or different, each represent lower alkyl) and excellent in solubility of a long-wave ultraviolet light absorber or the like, and so forth.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a monoalkylidene substituted 1,4-dions derivatives of formula (Ia) or (Ib) or a mixture of (Ia) and (Ib): wherein: R1, R2 and R3, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C1–C20 hydrocarbon groups: T1 and T2, equal to or different from each other, are OR4, R4, NR42, SR4 or PR42; or T1 and T2 can be fused in an oxygen atom or a NR4 group; said process comprises the step of reacting a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) in the presence of at least one equivalent with respect to the compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb) of a carbonate of metal M or of a compound of formula MTj such as K2CO3 or KHCO3

Abstract: The invention relates to di- and tri-carboxylic acid compounds and polyester oligomers and polymers made therefrom. Curable compositions comprising the polyester oligomers and polymers are also described.

Abstract: The crosslinker of the invention is an asymmetrical polyvinyl crosslinker that disassociates at elevated temperature, and is especially useful in the preparation of superabsorbent polymers.