Abstract: This invention relates to alkylated methylnaphthalenes and their utility in lubricant base stocks. In particular, the alkylated methylnaphthalenes of the present invention have unexpectedly superior thermal and oxidative properties and may be used to improve the performance characteristics of other lubricant base oils.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. Hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. Heat input into the formation may be controlled to raise a temperature of the formation at a selected rate.

Abstract: Novel oil-in-oil emulsions and methods of lubrication using the same are provided. The lubricants are stable emulsions of carrier fluid and high viscosity fluid that display superior properties related to lubricating film thickness and reduced shear strength.

Abstract: An adhesive or coating composition prepared by mixing together at least one metathesizable highly-reactive cycloolefin (e.g., a norbornadiene) and a metathesis catalyst. The use of highly-reactive cycloolefins can provide exceptional adherence to a low-surface-tension substrate. Another embodiment is a two-part adhesive or coating system wherein the first part includes at least one first metathesizable material, and the second part includes at least one liquid metathesis oligomer or polymer and a metathesis catalyst.

Abstract: A heat treatment oil composition comprising a mixed base oil containing 50-95 weight % of (A) a low viscosity base oil with kinematic viscosity of 5-60 mm2/s at 40° C., and 50-5 weight % of (B) a high viscosity base oil with kinematic viscosity of more than 300 mm2/s at 40° C. is proposed. By the use of this heat treatment oil composition for hardening of metallic material, it enables to generate little cooling unevenness, to assure the hardness of hardening processed product, and to reduce quenching distortion.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a finished fuel product from a stabilized product mixture, which is produced from the effluent of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. In the process, a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process is conducted at a site which is remote from the market site where the products from the process are ultimately marketed. The Fischer-Tropsch effluent product is hydroprocessed, and the hydroprocessed effluent separated to remove a C4− fraction and to yield a stabilized product mixture which can be exported to the market site. At the market site, the stabilized product mixture is fractionated into at least one finished fuel product. A heavy fraction may also be recovered at the market site for separation into at least one lubricating oil base stock and then conversion at hydroisomerization conditions to form a lubricating base oil.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for preparing a blended lube base oils comprising at least one highly paraffinic Fischer Tropsch lube base stocks and at least one base stock composed of alkylaromatics, alkylcycloparaffins, or mixtures thereof. The use of base stocks composed of alkylaromatics, alkylcycloparaffins, or mixtures thereof improves the yield of lube base oils from Fischer Tropsch facilities, as well as provides moderate improvements in physical properties including additive solubility. The invention provides processes for obtaining such blended lube base oils using the products of Fischer Tropsch processes.

Abstract: An unleaded gasoline fuel of about 87 octane suitable for use in automobile spark-ignition (internal combustion) engines, the gasoline having a low sulfur content (below 100 ppmw) and a relatively high olefin content (between 15 and 25 vol. %). Gasoline fuels meeting these requirements generally have emissions characteristics satisfying the requirements of RFG under EPA regulations.

Abstract: An atmospheric distillate stream is combined with a calculated amount of lubricant extract stream. This well-mixed stream is then hydrotreated to yield a non-carcinogenic, high aromatic process oil. A desired level of high aromatic lubricant product streams and having the desired solvency properties is achieved by varying the feed stream ratio and hydrotreating conditions.

Abstract: A process to produce a flowable fuel or fuel supplement from solid and/or liquid waste, such as municipal waste, industrial wastes or mixtures thereof and the system to carry out the process in which a feed of solid and liquid municipal waste, industrial wastes or mixtures thereof to a treatment zone under conditions of temperature to produce a solid char and vaporize liquids, recombining the char and the liquids, recovered from the wastes feed, to form a feed slurry containing solids, combining the feed slurry with additional combustible waste liquids which are added at a rate and amount to obtain a fuel slurry of specified properties, particularly specified viscosity and BTU content, subjecting the feed slurry and additional wastes to conditions of attrition in at least one attrition zone to produce a product slurry containing solids of fuel size, recovering the fuel slurry which be used as fuel in partial oxidation processes.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group n-pentane, iso-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and iso-hexane are provided. The compositions of the invention are useful in the preparation of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in turbine engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component having low to moderate branching and at least one conventional petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the preparation of surfactant alcohols and surfactant alcohol ethers which are, inter alia, highly suitable as surfactants or for the preparation of surfactants. The process, starting from olefin mixtures which comprise less than 30% by weight of linear hexene isomers and utilizing a catalyst which contains nickel, prepares olefin mixtures having a predominant fraction of branched dodecenes, which are subsequently derivatized to give surfactant alcohols and then optionally alkoxylated. The invention further relates to the use of the surfactant alcohols and surfactant alcohol ethers for the preparation of surfactants by glycosidation or polyglycosidation, sulfation or phosphation.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydrocarbons in the lube base oil range, lube base oils and lube oil compositions from a fraction with an average molecular weight above a target molecular weight and a fraction with an average molecular weight below a target molecular weight via molecular averaging is described. The fractions can be obtained, for example, from Fischer-Tropsch reactions, and/or obtained from the distillation of crude oil. Molecular averaging converts the fractions to a product with a desired molecular weight, for use in preparing a lube oil composition. The product can optionally be isomerized to lower the pour point, and also can be blended with suitable additives for use as a lube oil composition.

Abstract: Facilities to convert natural gas into syncrude often are located at remote sites. At these sites and in their surrounding communities there exists demand for salable products: gasoline, distillate fuels, solvents, lubricants, etc. While it would be possible to produce these products from syncrude, the construction of such production facilities would be very expensive, and their operation would be difficult at the remote site. Fischer-Tropsch syncrude will be waxy and will also contain volatile components, complicating the shipping of both Fischer-Tropsch products from remote production sites to developed sites and salable products from developed sites to remote sites. This invention describes a safe process to both transport Fischer-Tropsch syncrude from the remote site to the developed site and supply salable products from the developed site to the remote site.

Abstract: It has been discovered that the polymerization of unsaturated compounds, such as butadiene, may be inhibited by the addition of a diene and/or alkanolamine inhibitor. The inhibitor is believed to catalytically destroy peroxides present, such as hydrogen peroxide, which may be present in trace amounts. Particularly useful inhibitors include, but are not limited to, ethylenediamine (EDA) and monoethanolamine (MEA).

Abstract: The invention relates to an additive for improving the cold-flow properties of crude and distillate oils, where the additive is obtainable by extraction of crude oil with supercritical gas.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition for use in a combustion engine either as a fuel additive or as an additive for a crankcase lubricant. The composition may include a polyunsaturated aliphatic or alicyclic compound having at least three, but no more than six, double bonds to improve the combustion process by acting as pseudo-catalyst in the combustion reaction. The composition may further include a derivative of dihydrobenzo-gamma-pyrane to improve the combustion process by acting as pseudo-catalyst in the combustion reaction. The composition may further include surfactants such as polyethylene glycol and/or one or more polyoxyalkene derivatives of either polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol or sorbitol. A media of fatty acid esters is provided to dilute the combustion promoters, surfactants and other ingredients allowing accurate concentrations of these ingredients to be introduced into the fuel chamber.

Abstract: Premium synthetic lubricants comprise a synthetic isoparaffinic hydrocarbon base stock and an effective amount of at least one, and typically a plurality of lubricant additives such as a detergent, dispersant, antioxidant, antiwear additive, pout point depresant, VI improver and the like. The base stock is derived from a waxy, paraffinic, Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbon feed fraction having an initial boiling point in the range of about 650-750° F. and continuously boiling up to at least 1050° F., by a process which comprises hydroisomerizing the feed and dewaxing the isomerate. The waxy feed has a T90−T10 temperature difference of at least 350° F. and is preferably hydroisomerized without any pretreatment, other than optional fractionation. The lubricant may also contain hydrocarbonaceous and synthetic base stock material.

Abstract: A reformulated diesel fuel meeting the requirements of ASTM D975-96a for a low-sulfur number 2 diesel fuel and providing reduced emission benefits relative to a certified diesel fuel, certified under Section 2282(g) Title 13, California Code of Regulations and containing less than 15 volume percent aromatics having a natural cetane number of at least 55, a sulfur content less than 15 ppmw, a nitrogen content less than 10 ppmw, a polycyclic aromatics content no greater than 1.5 weight percent and an initial boiling point of at least 350° F. and a method for producing and using the reformulated diesel fuel.

Abstract: Discloses environmentally friendly, low temperature base oils and drilling fluids. The drilling fluid is constituted of one or more of weighting agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, viscosifiers, fluid loss control agents, proppants, and other particulates such as used in a gravel pack, emulsified with a paraffinic solvent composition which forms a continuous oil phase, or water-in-oil invert phase. The solvent composition is constituted of a mixture of C10-C24 n-paraffins and isoparaffins having an isoparaffin:n-paraffin molar ratio ranging from about 0.5:1 to about 9:1, the isoparaffins of the mixture contain greater than 30 percent, preferably from about 30 percent to about 50 percent, of mono-methyl species, and greater than 30 percent, preferably from about 30 percent to about 50 percent of multi-methyl branched species and isoparaffins which contain one or more branches of carbon number higher than methyl, based on the total weight of the isoparaffins in the mixture.

Abstract: A premium synthetic lubricating oil base stock having a high VI and low pour point is made by hydroisomerizing a Fischer-Tropsch synthesized waxy, paraffinic feed wax and then dewaxing the hydroisomerate to form a 650-750° F.+ dewaxate. The waxy feed has an initial boiling point in the range of about 650-750° F., from which it continuously boils up to at least 1050° F. and has a T90−T10 temperature difference of at least 350° F. The feed is preferably hydroisomerized without any pretreatment, other than optional fractionation. The 650-750° F.+ dewaxate is fractionated into two or more base stocks of different viscosity.

Abstract: Improved fuel compositions containing carbon nanotubes in from 0.01% to 30.0% by weight of fuel have improved bum rate and other valuable properties. Improved lubricant compositions containing carbon nanotubes in from 0.01 to 20.0% by weight of lubricant have improved viscosity and other valuable properties.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. An average temperature and/or pressure within the formation may be controlled to inhibit production of hydrocarbons that have carbon numbers greater than a selected carbon number. In some embodiments, the selected carbon number is 25. A small number of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers greater than the selected carbon number may be entrained in vapor produced from the formation.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. The mixture may be produced from the formation through production wells. A spacing between production wells, and operating conditions of production wells and heat injection wells, may allow the produced mixture to have a desired ratio of condensable hydrocarbons to non-condensable hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. The formation to be treated may be selected based on initial moisture content of the formation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of inhibiting oxidation in Fischer Tropsch products, and antioxidants for use with Fischer Tropsch products. The antioxidants of the present invention are preferably temporary antioxidants that may be removed after the period in which oxidation is expected by techniques such as simple distillation. The temporary antioxidants of the present invention are typically sulfur-containing compounds generated from sweetening light hydrocarbon streams.

Abstract: A coal formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. Heat may be supplied to the formation by reacting an oxidant with hydrocarbons adjacent to heater wellbores to generate heat. Generated heat may be transferred to the portion substantially by conduction to pyrolyze at least a portion of the hydrocarbons within the portion.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. Heat may be allowed to transfer from one or more heat sources to a selected section of the formation such that superimposed heat from the one or more heat sources pyrolyzes a relatively large portion of hydrocarbon material within the selected section of the formation.

Abstract: A heavy hydrocarbon is rendered pipelineable by hydroconverting the heavy hydrocarbon under conditions sufficient to obtain a product oil of lowered viscosity and an API gravity suitable for pipelining and thereafter adding a diluent modified hydrocarbon to the product oil in an amount sufficient to stabilize the product oil against asphaltene phase separation and when phase separated asphaltene is present to dissolve the phase separated asphaltenes.

Abstract: A fuel composition with a high flash point and a high octane number is provided. The preferred embodiment of the fuel comprises a paraffin or aromatic hydrocarbon component which may be mixed with an additive of alcohols, ethers, esters, organometallic compounds or mixtures thereof. The fuel composition is useful as emergency fuel for use in gasoline powered vehicles.

Abstract: A high temperature heat transfer fluid is disclosed which comprises a mixture of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro(1-phenylethyl)naphthalene and an alkyl biphenyl to provide high temperature heat transfer fluids exhibiting favorable thermal stability.

Abstract: A solvating component for a solvated mesophase pitch. The solvated component includes a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons having boiling points in the atmospheric equivalent boiling point range of about 285° to about 460° C. (about 550° F.-932° F.). At least 80% of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbons are aromatic as characterized by carbon 13 NMR. The aromatic hydrocarbons are selected from a group consisting of aromatic compounds having 2 to 5 aromatic rings, substituted aromatic compounds having 2 to 5 aromatic rings wherein said substituents are alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbons, hydroaromatic compounds having 2 to 5 rings, substituted aromatic compounds having 2 to 5 rings wherein said substituents are alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbons, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for evaluating the polymer growth inhibition ability of a compound or compounds. The invention involves adding a soluble monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric seed capable of growing via a living polymerization mechanism to a liquid monomer under test conditions capable of causing a living polymer to grow via a living polymerization mechanism. Subjecting the same liquid monomer to the same test conditions then occurs in the absence of the soluble monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric seed. Comparing the results of the two steps is then performed wherein the polymer growth inhibition ability of the compound or compounds is determined by the difference in the results. Another embodiment of the invention includes a method for evaluating the polymer growth inhibition by adding the soluble monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric seed to the same liquid monomer solution under the same test conditions.

Abstract: A heavy oil remover comprises a hydrocarbon solvent, dipropylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, a salt of an alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid, a branched alcohol ethoxylate, an ethoxylated alkyl mercaptan, and water.

Abstract: Diesel fuels or blending stocks having excellent lubricity, oxidative stability and high cetane number are produced from non-shifting Fischer-Tropsch processes by separating the Fischer-Tropsch product into a lighter and heavier fractions, e.g., at about 700° F., subjecting the 700° F.+fraction to hydro-treating, and combining the 700° F.+portion of the hydrotreated product with the lighter fraction that has not been hydrotreated.

Abstract: A functional fluid of low Brookfield Viscosity comprising a mixture of hydrocracked base stocks, optionally a minor amount of solvent neutral base stock, and additives.

Abstract: A high temperature heat transfer fluid is disclosed which comprises a mixture of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro(1-phenylethyl)naphthalene and dibenzyl toluene to provide high temperature heat transfer fluids exhibiting favorable thermal stability.

Abstract: Salable hydrocarbon products prepared by reacting a light hydrocarbon gaseous stream with a gaseous oxidant to produce carbon oxides and hydrogen, which is contacted in a hydrocarbon synthesis zone to produce a product stream comprising salable hydrocarbon products. That product stream is separated into a gaseous fraction and at least one fraction of salable hydrocarbon products. The light hydrocarbon gaseous stream is formed by separating a light hydrocarbon gaseous feed comprising alkanes into a lighter fraction and a heavier fraction and contacting that heavier fraction in a disproportionation zone to convert a significant portion of the alkanes in the heavier fraction by disproportionation into both higher and lower alkanes, then at least part of the lighter fraction and the lower alkanes form the light hydrocarbon gaseous stream.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate fraction is blended with either a raw virgin condensate fraction or a mildly hydrotreated virgin condensate to obtain a stable inhibited distillate fuel.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate fraction is blended with either a raw gas field condensate distillate fraction or a mildly hydrotreated condensate fraction to obtain a stable, inhibited distillate fuel.

Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions containing a medium molecular weight paraffin (MMWP) which is effective in improving the lubricant properties of an engine oil. The medium molecular weight paraffins disclosed include those having from between 10 to 20 carbon atoms. Compositions containing from 0.1% to 2% by volume of the engine oil are disclosed. The MMWP reduces varnishing, sludging, production of chemical byproducts and glazing. It also improves seal life and extends the life of lubricating oil compositions containing it.

Abstract: When different trialkyl methanes containing 25 through 36 carbon atoms are mixed the mixture exhibits surprisingly superior lubricant properties including low viscosity, high VI, low volatility, very low pour point and a dynamic viscosity at low temperatures that is less than those of PAO lubricants. Statistically predictable mixture compositions of mixed trialkyl methanes are prepared by reaction of mixtures of n-alkyl organometallic compounds with mixed aliphatic esters or equivalent compounds.

Abstract: This invention provides a lubricant oil composition for internal combustion engines which shows a sufficiently low volatility at high temperature and good low-temperature viscosity characteristics.The lubricant oil composition for internal combustion engines comprises a base oil which simultaneously satisfies the following relationships (a.sub.1) and (b.sub.1):[(A.cndot.GCD5-50+B)Exp((C.cndot.GCD5-50+D)KV100)]/KV40>1, and(a.sub.1)E.cndot.Exp(F.cndot.KV100)/KV40>1, (b.sub.1)wherein, GCD5-50 is a difference between 5% and 50% distillation points (.degree. C.) by gas chromatographic distillation test, KV40 and KV100 are kinematic viscosities (mm.sup.2 /s) at 40.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., and A to F are constants, A: -3.17.times.10.sup.-3, B: 2.87, C: -3.78.times.10.sup.4, D: 4.91.times.10.sup.-1, E: 9.41, and F: 2.09.times.10.sup.-1.

Abstract: Process for converting a geminally substituted cyclopentadiene containing 2-6 substituents into a non-geminally substituted cyclopentadiene by reacting the geminally substituted cyclopentadiene with a base, sodium or potassium at a temperature of 0-200.degree. C. The invention also relates to mixtures of non-geminally substituted cyclopentadienes obtained by means of this process.

Abstract: Discloses environmentally friendly, low temperature base oils and drilling fluids, or drilling mud compositions useful in the production of oil and gas. The drilling fluid is constituted of one or more of weighting agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, viscosifiers, fluid loss control agents, proppants, and other particulates such as used in a gravel pack, emulsified with a paraffinic solvent composition which forms a continuous oil phase, or water-in-oil invert phase. The solvent composition is constituted of a mixture of C.sub.10- C.sub.24 n-paraffins and isoparaffins having an isoparaffin:n-paraffin molar ratio ranging from about 0.

Abstract: A premium synthetic lubricating oil base stock having a high VI and low pour point is made by hydroisomerizing a Fischer-Tropsch synthesized waxy, paraffinic feed wax and then dewaxing the hydroisomerate to form a 650-750.degree. F.+ dewaxate. The waxy feed has an initial boiling point in the range of about 650-750.degree. F., from which it continuously boils up to at least 1050.degree. F. and has a T.sub.90 -T.sub.10 temperature difference of at least 350.degree. F. The feed is preferably hydroisomerized without any pretreatment, other than optional fractionation. The 650-750.degree. F.+ dewaxate is fractionated into two or more base stocks of different viscosity.

Abstract: The present invention includes a process for blending two or more petroleum oils, any component of which may be an unprocessed crude oil or a processed oil derived from petroleum, in a manner to minimize fouling and coking of refinery process equipment. The blending method includes the steps of determining the insolubility number, I, for each oil, determining the solubility blending number, S, for each oil, and combining the petroleum oils in the proportions in order to keep the solubility blending number of the mixture higher than 1.4 times the insolubility number of any oil in the mixture. The present invention also includes selecting petroleum oils to minimize fouling.

Abstract: A process of producing high octane hydrocarbons includes the steps of preparing a mixture of substantially ethanol and butane or natural gasoline, or low octane gasoline, the mixture having room temperature and atmospheric pressure, adjusting the pressure of the mixture to a magnitude within the range of 10 to 50 pounds per square inch, adjusting the temperature of the mixture to a magnitude within the range of 100 to 460 degrees Fahrenheit, adjusting the pressure of the mixture to a pressure within the range of 500 to 1000 hydrocarbons pounds per square inch, catalyzing the mixture with a platinum catalyst, lowering the temperature of the mixture to a magnitude within a range of 90 to 190 degrees Fahrenheit, and separating out liquid product and gas from the mixture.

Abstract: A process of producing high octane alcohols includes the steps of preparing a first mixture of substantially ethanol and butane or natural gasoline, the mixture having a certain temperature and a certain pressure, adjusting the certain pressure of the mixture to a magnitude within the range of 10 to 50 pounds per square inch, adjusting the temperature of the mixture to a magnitude within the range of 100 to 350 degrees Fahrenheit, adjusting the pressure of the mixture to a pressure within the range of 500 to 1000 pounds per square inch, catalyzing the mixture with a platinum catalyst, lowering the temperature of the mixture to a magnitude within a range of 90 to 190 degrees Fahrenheit, and separating out liquid product and gas from the mixture. Then a second mixture of said liquid product and methanol is prepared and the process steps are repeated on this second mixture to produce a second product plus gas.