Abstract: A method for improving the lubricating properties of a distillate base oil characterized by a pour point of 0 degrees C. or less and a boiling range having the 10 percent point falling between about 625 degrees F. and about 790 degrees F. and the 90 percent point falling between about 725 degrees F. and about 950 degrees F., the method comprises blending with said distillate base oil a sufficient amount of a pour point depressing base oil blending component to reduce the pour point of the resulting base oil blend at least 3 degrees C. below the pour point of the distillate base oil, wherein the pour point depressing base oil blending component is an isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottoms product having a pour point that is at least 3 degrees C. higher than the pour point of the distillate base oil.

Abstract: An oil shale formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a desired temperature. A heating rate for a selected volume of the formation may be controlled by altering an amount of heating energy per day that is provided to the selected volume.

Abstract: A method for treating a relatively low permeability formation containing heavy hydrocarbons in situ may include providing heat from one or more heat sources to a portion of the formation. The heat may be allowed to transfer from the heat sources to a selected section of the formation. The transferred heat may pyrolyze at least some hydrocarbons within the selected section. A mixture of hydrocarbons may be produced from the selected section. In certain embodiments, one or more heat sources may be placed in an uncased wellbore.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in an internal combustion engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component and at least one highly aromatic petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: (a) A medium oil wherein a main component is a hydrocarbon, and the number of paraffinic carbon atoms is 70% or more with respect to a total number of carbon atoms, (b) a medium oil wherein a main component is a polybutene, (c) a medium oil wherein a main component is a mixture of hydrocarbons of the formula (1): CH3—C(CH3)2—[—CH2—C(CH3)2—]n—CH2—R ??(1) wherein R is —CH(CH3)2 or —C(CH3)?CH2, and n is 1 to 10, (d) a medium oil wherein a main component is a hydrocarbon prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, or (e) a medium oil wherein a main component is a branched paraffinic hydrocarbon prepared by hydrogenolysis of a hydrocarbon prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and a process of producing dimethyl ether using the medium oil, are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a heat transfer fluid comprising a monobenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene or a mixture of mono-and polybenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and/or a mixture of partly hydrogenated polyphenyls and at least a polyphenylmethane composition.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. An average temperature and/or pressure within the formation may be controlled to inhibit production of hydrocarbons that have carbon numbers greater than a selected carbon number. In some embodiments, the selected carbon number is 25. A small number of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers greater than the selected carbon number may be entrained in vapor produced from the formation.

Abstract: A heat transfer fluid composition and process employing composite mixtures of terpenes and silicones useful for heat transfer processes in a temperature range down to ?200° F., where the fluid heat transfer composition retains its liquid phase over the entire temperature range.

Abstract: Novel oil-in-oil emulsions and methods of lubrication using the same are provided. The lubricants are stable emulsions of carrier fluid and high viscosity fluid that display superior properties related to lubricating film thickness and reduced shear strength.

Abstract: A method for preparing low toxicity Fischer-Tropsch fuels suitable for use in a diesel engine and Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel compositions having low toxicity suitable for use in diesel engines characterized by a boiling range distribution wherein the 5 weight percent point is at a temperature of 570 degrees F. or less and the 95 weight percent point is at or above a temperature of 680 degrees F.; a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C. of less than 5.5 cSt; and a cloud point of less than ?18 degrees C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stable, low sulfur, olefinic distillate fuel blend component derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process and a process for producing this stable, low sulfur, olefinic distillate fuel blend component. The stable, low sulfur, olefinic distillate fuel comprises olefins in an amount of 2 to 80 weight percent, non-olefins in an amount of 20 to 98 weight percent wherein the non-olefins are predominantly paraffins, oxygenates in an amount of less than 1 weight percent, and sulfur in an amount of less than 10 ppm by weight. A distillate fuel comprising the above blend component forms less than 5 ppm peroxides after storage at 60° C. for four weeks.

Abstract: An oil shale formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. Hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. Heat input into the formation may be controlled to maintain a temperature below about a maximum selected temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of inhibiting growth and reproduction of microorganisms in rapidly biodegradable hydrocarbonaceous products, containing minor amounts of aqueous liquids. The present invention also relates to rapidly biodegradable hydrocarbonaceous products containing an effective amount of a petroleum-derived hydrocarbonaceous product such that the rapidly biodegradable hydrocarbonaceous product resists visible growth of microorganisms.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. The mixture produced from the formation may have a relatively high hydrogen partial pressure, and a large portion of the pressure within the formation may be attributable to hydrogen partial pressure.

Abstract: An oil shale formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a desired temperature. An average temperature and/or pressure within the formation may be controlled to inhibit production of hydrocarbons that have carbon numbers greater than a selected carbon number. In some embodiments, the selected carbon number may be 25. A small amount of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers greater than the selected carbon number may be entrained in vapor produced from the formation.

Abstract: An oil shale formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. A reducing environment may be maintained within a portion of the formation.

Abstract: The invention concerns compositions comprising a mixture of mono- and polybenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes. The invention also concerns said compositions or a mixture of monobenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene isomers as heat transfer fluid. Said compositions or the mixture of monobenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene isomers are obtained by the action of benzyl chloride on 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene in the presence of FeCl3.

Abstract: An oil shale formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. Heat may be provided from one or more heat sources. Heat may be allowed to transfer from the heat sources to a section of the formation. Hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Conditions in a section of the formation may be controlled to produced a desired product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rubber process oil in which the content of polycyclic aromatics (PCAs) as determined by the IP 346 method is less than 3% by mass and which is rich in aromatic hydrocarbons, and a method for producing the same. The aniline point of the rubber process oil is 80° C. or less, and the % CA value as determined by ring analysis according to the Kurtz method is from 20 to 50%. The rubber process oil is produced by using extraction of lube oil fraction with a solvent having a selective affinity for aromatics. The extraction conditions are determined so that the extraction yield is regulated to a predetermined requirement defined by the PCAs content of the lube oil fraction. Alternatively, the extract is cooled to further separate into the extract and the raffinate, and the second raffinate is used for the rubber process oil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of antioxidants in Fischer Tropsch derived products. The antioxidants of the present invention are preferably temporary antioxidants that may be removed after the period in which oxidation is expected by techniques such as simple distillation. The temporary antioxidants of the present invention are typically sulfur-containing compounds generated from sweetening light hydrocarbon streams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an olefinic naphtha and a process for producing lower olefinc from this naphtha. In the process of the present invention for producing lower olefins, preferably ethylene, at least a portion of a hydrocarbon asset is converted to synthesis gas and at least a portion of the synthesis gas is converted to an olefinic naphtha by a Fischer-Tropsch process. At least a portion of the olefinic naphtha is converted in a naphtha cracker to a product stream comprising lower olefins, and at least a portion of the lower olefins from the product stream of the cracker are recovered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fully formulated lubicants comprising poly ?-olefins (PAOs), prepared from a mixed ?-olefin feed, which exhibit superior Noack volatility at low pour points, and methods for preparing the fully formulated lubricants. The fully formulated lubricants include PAOs that include mixtures of 1-decene and 1-dodecene. The PAOs may be prepared by polymerization/oligomerization using an alcohol promoted BF3 in conjunction with a combination of co-catalysts.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in turbine engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component having low to moderate branching and at least one conventional petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: The present invention relates blended hydrocarbonaceous products comprising Fischer Tropsch derived products that resist oxidation and to methods of inhibiting oxidation in Fischer Tropsch products. The present invention also relates to Fischer Tropsch products containing an effective amount of a petroleum-derived hydrocarbonaceous product such that the Fischer Tropsch product resists oxidation.

Abstract: A processes is provided to inhibit or limit the decomposition of a halide-containing olefin oligomerization catalyst system during recovery of an oligomerization product. The process includes deactivation of an olefin oligomerization catalyst system present in an olefin oligomerization reactor effluent stream by contact with an alcohol under conditions that minimize potential for deactivated catalyst system decomposition. Such conditions include minimization of the water content of the deactivation agent and concentration of the deactivation agent.

Abstract: A lube base oil comprising a synthetic lube base oil, such as a Fischer Tropsch-derived component, and a non-synthetic lube base oil is defined that has improved stability to oxidation both during storage and during use in engines or other applications, even in the substantial absence of anti-oxidant additives and oxidation promoters.

Abstract: A pyrolysis process and reactor converts various hydrocarbons such as waste materials, for example, scrap polymers, tires, etc., into various chemical components or amounts thereof, not otherwise produced by conventional pyrolytic processes. A large reactor size is utilized in association with a low heat input per unit weight of charge. A thick pyrolyzate/“char” layer is formed during pyrolysis. The product or various components thereof can be utilized as a fuel or octane additive.

Abstract: The invention relates to an additive for improving the cold-flow properties of crude and distillate oils, where the additive is obtainable by extraction of crude oil with supercritical gas.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing temperature-sensitive polymers utilizing a heat transfer fluid comprising a hydrocarbon fluid selected from aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, aliphatic- or alicyclic-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof, the hydrocarbon fluid having a boiling point from 220° C. to 250° C. and a melting point less than 40° C., and temperature-sensitive polymer articles produced therefrom.

Abstract: A fluid for traction drives for automobiles which comprises (A) a hydrocarbon compound having two bridged rings selected from bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring, bicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring, bicyclo[3.3.0]octane ring and bicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring and (B) a hydrocarbon compound having at least one structure selected from quaternary carbon atom and ring structures and having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 10 mm2/s or smaller, and has a viscosity at −40° C. of 40,000 Pa·s or smaller and a flash point of 140° C. or higher, is provided. This fluid exhibits a great traction coefficient at high temperatures and very small viscosity at low temperatures. A fluid for traction drives which comprises a specific bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane derivative having 14 to 17 carbon atoms and having a viscosity index of 0 or greater is also provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricating base oils by blending a Fischer-Tropsch distillate fraction having a viscosity of 2 or greater but less than 3 cSt at 100 degrees C. with a Fischer-Tropsch derived bottoms fraction; lubricating base oil compositions having a viscosity between about 3 and about 10 cSt at 100 degrees C. and a TGA Noack volatility of less than about 45 weight percent; and finished lubricants using the aforesaid lubricating base oils.

Abstract: A synthetic olefin/paraffin mixture useful for the production of linear alkybenzene and linear alkybenzene sulfonates. An integrated Fischer-Tropsch process to manufacture linear alkylbenzene and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates.

Abstract: A process for the production of a winter diesel fuel from wax containing hydrocarbons produced by the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis process. A 300° F.+ Fischer-Tropsch fraction is upgraded first by hydroisomerization followed by catalytic dewaxing resulting in a diesel fuel suitable for use as a winter diesel fuel having excellent cold flow properties and reduced emissions.

Abstract: A process for preparing branched alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, which process comprises contacting branched olefins with an aromatic hydrocarbon under alkylating conditions, which branched olefins have been obtained by a process which comprises dehydrogenating an isoparaffinic composition over a suitable catalyst which isoparaffinic composition has been obtained by hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of a paraffinic wax and which isoparaffinic composition comprises paraffins having a carbon number in the range of from 7 to 35, of which paraffins at least a portion of the molecules is branched, the average number of branches per paraffin molecule being at least 0.

Abstract: A process for preparing branched alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, which process comprises contacting branched olefins with an aromatic hydrocarbon under alkylating conditions, which branched olefins have been obtained by a process which comprises dehydrogenating an isoparaffinic composition over a suitable catalyst which isoparaffinic composition has been obtained by hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of a paraffinic wax and which isoparaffinic composition comprises paraffins having a carbon number in the range of from 7 to 35, of which paraffins at least a portion of the molecules is branched, the average number of branches per paraffin molecule being at least 0.

Abstract: A stable distillate fuel blend useful as a fuel or as a blending component of a fuel that is suitable for use in an internal combustion engine, said fuel blend prepared from at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel component and at least one highly aromatic petroleum-derived distillate fuel component and a process for preparing same involving the blending of at least two components having antagonistic properties with respect to one another.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stable blended diesel fuel comprising an olefinic diesel fuel blending stock. The olefinic diesel fuel blending stock of the invention comprises olefins in an amount of 2 to 80 weight percent, non-olefins in an amount of 20 to 98 weight percent wherein the non-olefins are substantially comprised of paraffins, oxygenates in an amount of at least 0.012 weight percent and sulfur in an amount of less than 1 ppm. To provide acceptable stability, the blended diesel fuel comprising the olefinic diesel fuel blending stock comprises a sulfur-free antioxidant. The blended diesel fuel comprising the olefinic diesel fuel blending stock and sulfur-free antioxidant added has a peroxide content of less than 5 ppm when stored at 60° C. for 4 weeks. The present invention also relates to processes for making the stable blended diesel fuel and olefinic diesel fuel blending stocks as defined above.

Abstract: A method for preparing low toxicity Fischer-Tropsch fuels suitable for use in a diesel engine and Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel compositions having low toxicity suitable for use in diesel engines characterized by a boiling range distribution wherein the 5 weight percent point is at a temperature of 570 degrees F. or less and the 95 weight percent point is at or above a temperature of 680 degrees F.; a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C. of less than 5.5 cSt; and a cloud point of less than −18 degrees C.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate fraction is blended with either a raw virgin condensate fraction or a mildly hydrotreated virgin condensate to obtain a stable inhibited distillate fuel.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. A hydrocarbon condensate produced from the formation may be a high quality oil that has a low olefin content.

Abstract: A grease for rock bit lubrication and other high temperature bearing applications is provided comprising a high viscosity index polyalphaolefin synthetic base fluid in combination with an alkylated naphthalene base fluid.

Abstract: A coal formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. An average temperature and/or pressure within the formation may be controlled to inhibit production of hydrocarbons that have carbon numbers greater than 25. A small amount of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers greater than 25 may be entrained in vapor produced from the formation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of providing enhanced molecular stability to hydrocarbons, such as the various oils, lubricants, fuel and rubbers typically used in internal combustion engines. The invention generally comprises inhibiting the liquid phase oxidation of hydrocarbons by atmospheric oxygen at elevated temperatures through the micro-addition of non-toxic of alkyl organic additives. The alkyl organic additives are anionic surface active agents (ASAAs) of the general formula R—OSO3M or R—OP3Z2, where “M” is Na or K, where “Z” is Na, K or an alkyl group containing between ten and fourteen carbons and where “R” is an alkyl group consisting of between six and sixteen carbons. The additives are generally used in quantities from 0.01 to 10 mass percent, at temperatures between 70°-170° C. and in the presence of an aromatic solvent.

Abstract: A lubricant composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives wherein the lubricant composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of more than 5.6 cSt, a cold cranking simulated dynamic viscosity at −35° C. according to ASTM D 5293 of less than 62 centiPoise (cP) and a mini rotary viscosity test value of less than 60000 cP according to ASTM d 4684, wherein the base oil has been obtained from a waxy paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention concerns compositions comprising a mixture of mono- and polybenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes. The invention also concerns said compositions or a mixture of monobenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene isomers as heat transfer fluid. Said compositions or the mixture of monobenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene isomers are obtained by the action of benzyl chloride on 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene in the presence of FeCl3.

Abstract: A solvating component for a solvated mesophase pitch. The solvated component includes a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons having boiling points in the atmospheric equivalent boiling point range of about 285° to about 500° C. (about 550° F.-932° F.). At least 80% of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbons are aromatic as characterized by carbon 13 NMR. The aromatic hydrocarbons are selected from a group consisting of aromatic compounds having 2 to 5 aromatic rings, substituted aromatic compounds having 2 to 5 aromatic rings wherein said substituents are alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbons, hydroaromatic compounds having 2 to 5 rings, substituted aromatic compounds having 2 to 5 rings wherein said substituents are alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbons, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricating base oils by blending a Fischer-Tropsch distillate fraction having a viscosity of 2 or greater but less than 3 cSt at 100 degrees C. with at least one additional Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate fraction having a viscosity of greater than 3.8 cSt at 100 degrees C.; lubricating base oil compositions having a viscosity between about 3 and about 10 cSt at 100 degrees C. and a TGA Noack volatility of less than about 35 weight percent; and finished lubricants using the aforesaid lubricating base oils.

Abstract: A wax blending process is disclosed which retains the desirable properties of a Fischer-Tropsch wax, while adjusting the hardness of the wax to within to a desired range. The invention utilizes a synergistic effect between hard virgin Fischer-Tropsch wax and softer mildly isomerized Fischer-Tropsch wax in a blending process which allows the artisan to adjust the hardness of a wax product to within desired ranges. The process involves passing a Fischer-Tropsch wax over a hydroisomerization catalyst under predetermined conditions including relatively mild temperatures such that chemical conversions (e.g., hydrogenation and mild isomerization) take place while less than 10% boiling point conversion (hydrocracking) occurs, thus preserving overall isomerized wax yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fully formulated lubicants comprising poly &agr;-olefins (PAOs), prepared from a mixed &agr;-olefin feed, which exhibit superior Noack volatility at low pour points, and methods for preparing the fully formulated lubricants. The fully formulated lubricants include PAOs that include mixtures of 1-decene and 1-dodecene. The PAOs may be prepared by polymerization/oligomerization using an alcohol promoted BF3 in conjunction with a combination of co-catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of inhibiting growth and reproduction of microorganisms in rapidly biodegradable hydrocarbonaceous products, containing minor amounts of aqueous liquids. The present invention also relates to rapidly biodegradable hydrocarbonaceous products containing an effective amount of a petroleum-derived hydrocarbonaceous product such that the rapidly biodegradable hydrocarbonaceous product resists visible growth of microorganisms.