Abstract: The present invention relates to crude oils and products derived therefrom, comprising, as asphaltene-dispersing agent, sarcosinates of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is C.sub.7 -C.sub.21 -alkyl or -alkenyl andR.sub.2 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl.Precipitating out of asphaltenes is prevented by these dispersing agents.

Abstract: An aromatic solvent together with methods for its preparation are described. A composition includes a paraffin fraction in an amount of from approximately 9 LV % to approximately 15 LV %; a naphthene fraction in an amount of from approximately 35 LV % to approximately 55 LV %; and an alkylbenzene fraction in an amount of from approximately 8 LV % to approximately 16 LV %. The solvent provides advantages in that the high solvency that is typical of an aromatic solvent is combined with a narrow distillation range, a high flash point and higher boiling range that is typical of an aliphatic solvent.

Abstract: Discloses high purity solvent compositions constituted of n-paraffins and isoparaffins, with the isoparaffins containing predominantly methyl branches, and having an isoparaffin:n-paraffin ratio sufficient to provide superior low temperature properties and low viscosities. The solvent compositions are made by a process wherein a waxy, or long chain paraffinic feed, especially a Fischer-Tropsch wax, is reacted over a dual function catalyst to produce hydroisomerization and hydrocracking reactions at 700.degree. F.+ conversion levels ranging from about 20 to 90 wt.% to provide a C.sub.5 -1050.degree. F. crude fraction. The C.sub.5 -1050.degree. F. crude fraction is then topped via atmospheric distillation to produce a low boiling fraction with an upper end point boiling between about 650.degree. F. and 750.degree. F. The low boiling fraction is fractionated and a narrow boiling range solvent obtained therefrom; one which can be further divided into solvent grades of various boiling ranges.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for blending two or more petroleum feedstreams, petroleum process streams, or combination thereof, at least one of which includes the solute asphaltenes so that the asphaltenes remains a solute. The blending method includes the steps of determining the insolubility number, I.sub.N, for each feedstream, determining the solubility blending number, S.sub.BN, for each feedstream, and combining the feedstreams in order of decreasing S.sub.BN number of each feedstream such that the solubility blending number of the mixture is greater than the insolubility number of any component of the mix, when the solubility blending number of any of the feedstreams or streams is equal or less than the insolubility number of any of the streams.

Abstract: A process for the bacterial production of the hydrocarbon isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is described and claimed. Various bacterial species, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive, were found to produce isoprene, and a method to isolate isoprene-producing bacteria from natural sources is described. Production of isoprene is confirmed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Of the tested species, Bacillus produces the most isoprene. Growth in a variety of media, including a chemically defined salts medium, in the presence of amino acid sources (casein, gelatin, or lactalbumin hydrolysates) supports isoprene production in logarithmic phase of growth, and with Bacillus cultured in a stirred fermentor, isoprene production occurs both in growing and non-growing cells. High isoprene production rates can also be restored to nutrient-limited cells by adding fresh media, suggesting isoprene production is dependent on nutrient availability.

Abstract: A fluid heat transfer medium and process employing composite mixtures of monocyclic and bicyclic terpenes useful for heat transfer processes in a temperature range down to approximately -165.degree. F., where the fluid heat transfer medium maintains its liquid phase.

Abstract: A well treatment fluid comprising a mixture of (A) a major amount of a first hydrocarbon fluid, the first hydrocarbon fluid being composed predominantly of diaromatics and triaromatics having more than 16 carbon atoms, and (B) a minor amount of a second hydrocarbon fluid, the second hydrocarbon fluid being composed predominantly of hydrocarbons having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms. The mixture preferably has a density greater than 1000 kg/m.sup.3 at 15.degree. C. and a viscosity lower than 30 centiStokes at 20.degree. C. In a method according to the invention, a kill fluid is formed by mixing the first and second hydrocarbon fluids to produce a hydrocarbon mixture, preferably having a viscosity of less than 30 centiStokes at 20.degree. C. and a density above 1000 kg/m.sup.3 at 15.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention discloses novel azeotrope-like mixtures of fluorinated compounds which are useful for heating and cooling as heat transfer agents and/or refrigerants. The azeotrope-like mixture comprises: (a) pentafluoropropane; and (b) a hydrofluorocarbon of the formula: C.sub.x F.sub.y H.sub.z, wherein x is 3, 4, 5, or 6 and y and z are each independently 1 or a positive whole number such that the result of y/(y+z) is greater than 0.67.

Abstract: A high aromatic, low sulfur No. 2-D diesel fuel, which, upon combustion, provides emission benefits at least equivalent to a 10 vol. % aromatics, low sulfur diesel fuel contains, in addition to more than 10 vol. % aromatics, at least one of(1) a Cetane number less than 55;(2) a nitrogen content of at least 500 ppmw;(3) a sulfur content of at least 250 ppmw; and(4) a polycyclic aromatics content of at least 5.0 wt. %.

Abstract: A composition of an oil of lubricating viscosity; a polymer, soluble in the lubricant composition and having a number average molecular weight of greater than 50,000; and a combustible solvent in which the remaining components of the lubricant are soluble, provides a composition suitable for lubricating a two-stroke cycle engine. The lubricant composition provides good lubricity with low smoke generation.

Abstract: Tetraalkylmethanes are synthetic lubricants. The preferred structure contains four straight chain alkyl groups which may be the same or different and have from 1 to 2 or 5 to 14 carbon atoms. Mixtures are also disclosed as are novel methods for preparation of the tetraalkylmethanes.

Abstract: A nontoxic and biodegradable lubricant composition for use to reduce the friction between the contact surfaces of devices which come into contact with people and animals. The lubricant composition is especially useful for application to sports equipment which comes into contact with the human body. Another application concerns the use of the nontoxic lubricant composition in connection with food processing equipment which comes into direct contact with the food substrate. The nontoxic lubricant composition includes a nontoxic oil base such as vegetable oil, preferably corn oil or olive oil, and a nontoxic solvent such as ethanol, preferably ethyl alcohol, and/or a citrus solvent, such as a terpene compound, preferably limonene. The preferred embodiment also includes limonene as a nontoxic flavoring and/or scenting agent to provide good wetting and film forming properties and a pleasant naturally occurring organoleptic fragrance and scent.

Abstract: A process of producing high octane hydrocarbons includes the steps of preparing a mixture of substantially ethanol and butane or natural gasoline, or low octane gasoline, the mixture having room temperature and atmospheric pressure, adjusting the pressure of the mixture to a magnitude within the range of 10 to 50 pounds per square inch, adjusting the temperature of the mixture to a magnitude within the range of 100 to 460 degrees Fahrenheit, adjusting the pressure of the mixture to a pressure within the range of 500 to 1000 hydrocarbons pounds per square inch, catalyzing the mixture with a platinum catalyst, lowering the temperature of the mixture to a magnitude within a range of 90 to 190 degrees Fahrenheit, and separating out liquid product and gas from the mixture.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group n-pentane, iso-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and iso-hexane are provided. The compositions of the invention are useful in the preparation of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: A polymerization inhibitor composition for inhibiting the polymerization of aromatic vinyl monomers at elevated temperatures comprising:(a) a benzofuroxan derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or alkoxy; R.sup.1 is a nitro group; and m and n are each independently 0, 1, or 2; and(b) a solvent selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, vinyltoluene, divinylbenzene, alpha-methylstyrene, and a C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 hydrocarbon,and methods for inhibiting the polymerization of aromatic vinyl monomers at elevated temperatures using this composition.

Abstract: A carotenoid composition derived from a natural source wherein at least 50% by weight of the carotenoid content of the composition is cis beta-carotene and preferably 9 cis beta-carotene. Typically, the beta-carotene content of the composition is predominantly 9 cis beta-carotene.

Abstract: Unique heat transfer fluid media include (methylbenzyl)xylene or a composition comprising admixture of the compounds (A): ##STR1## in which n.sub.1 +n.sub.2 =0 or 1, wherein a fraction of such compounds (A) n.sub.1 +n.sub.2 =0 and further wherein another fraction of such compounds (A) n.sub.1 +n.sub.

Abstract: Heat is transferred in a thermodynamic system with a heat transfer medium which is at least one fluid of formula I and/or II, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is ethyl or hydrogen, R.sub.2 is ethyl, R.sub.3 is methyl and R.sub.4 is a benzyl radical.

Abstract: Unique heat transfer fluid media include (methylbenzyl)xylene or a composition comprising admixture of the compounds (A): ##STR1## in which n.sub.1 +n.sub.2 =0 or 1, wherein a fraction of such compounds (A) n.sub.1 +n.sub.2 =0 and further wherein another fraction of such compounds (A) n.sub.1 +n.sub.

Abstract: A new lubricant for addition to preferably two-cycle engine fuels is provided. The lubricant may be a solid lubricant in the form of a pellet having a diameter of at least 1 mm., which is readily dispersible when dropped into the fuel. Also, the lubricant of this invention preferably comprises from 25 to 75 percent of a saturated fatty acid having 12 to 22 carbon atoms; (2) from 5 to 25 weight percent of at least one of a polyisobutylene having a molecular weight of at least 800 or a polymerized, unsaturated fatty acid having an average of at least about 24 carbon atoms per polymerized molecule; and (3) from 0 to 50 weight percent of a polybasic ester of a polyol molecule and 2 to 4 fatty acid molecules, each fatty acid molecule having an average of 4 to 22 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine liquid fuels are produced by the mixing of a natural gasoline component and at least one octane-enhancing component. The mix is weathered during the blending operation to remove light-weight hydrocarbons comprising one- to four-carbon components. The light-weight hydrocarbons, which preferably constitute less than 3 percent of the blended fuel, can be recovered to generate power to run the process. The liquid fuel mixture is formulated to produce a desired octane rating, an environmentally acceptable vapor pressure, and a mix which, when burned in an internal combustion engine, produces a minimum amount of pollutants.

Abstract: Commercially valuable chemicals are separated from tire-derived pyrolytic oils by subjecting the pyrolytic oils to a fractional distillation at a temperature of up to about 204.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure to isolate at least one commercially valuable chemical selected from the group consisting of paraffins, naphthenes, olefins and aromatics. Particularly valuable chemicals which can be extracted from tire-derived pyrolytic oils are benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene and dl-limonene.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions comprise blends or mixtures of low viscosity, 3-8 cS e.g. about 5 cS(100.degree. C.), HVI lube basestock with higher viscosity, 15 cS+e.g. 30+ cS(100.degree. C.) HVI PAO lube basestock produced from slack wax by thermal cracking to alpha olefins followed by Lewis acid catalyzed oligomerization of the alpha olefin mixture to lube base stock. Blending these components in appropriate proportions produces lube basestock having viscosities in the range of 8-15 cS (100.degree. C.) from which material suitable for the formulation of 10W-30 automobile engine lube can be produced. The blends are notable for exhibiting high VI values greater than that of either component of the blend.

Abstract: The filter plugging point and the pour-point at low temperatures of compositions based on liquid hydrocarbons from refining are improved by means of the addition, preferably in solution, of a mixture of an ethylene copolymer with another copolymerizable monomer and of an imidized acrylic polymer.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment of the process and apparatus for recycling used automobile rubber tires is described in which small pieces of rubber tires are progressively fed into a vertical reactor of the counter-flow type in which the material progressively descends downward through the reactor with process gases passing upward through the downwardly decending material to decompose and volatilize the rubber material. At the lower portion of the vessel, oxygen-bearing gas is injected into the reactor to burn a portion of the rubber carbon to generate hot combustion gases that ascend upwardly to pyrolitically decompose the rubber pieces, and to volatilize such material. The amount of oxygen is controlled in an oxygen-deficient manner to maintain the temperature in the combustion zone at a temperature of less than 500.degree. F. The gases and volatilized rubber materials and oils are removed from the reactor at a temperature of approximately 350.degree. F.

Abstract: Commerically valuable chemicals are extracted from tire-derived pyrolytic oils by subjecting the pyrolytic oils to a fractional distillation at a temperature of up to about 204.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure to isolate at least one commercially valuable chemical selected from the group consisting of paraffins, naphthenes, olefins and aromatics. Particularly valuable chemicals which can be extracted from tire-derived pyrolytic oils are benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene and limonene-dl.

Abstract: Blended gasolines are produced by the mixing of a butane-pentane rich component, a natural gasoline component, and at least one octane-enhancing component. The mix is weathered during the blending operation to remove light-weight hydrocarbons comprising two, three and four-carbon components. The light-weight hydrocarbons, which preferably constitute less than 3 percent of the blended gasoline, can be recovered to generate power to run the process. The liquid gasoline mixture is formulated to produce a desired octane rating, an environmentally acceptable vapor pressure, and a mix which, when burned in an internal combustion engine, produces a minimum amount of pollutants.

Abstract: In a fluid for electrical discharge machining, a low viscosity mineral or synthetic oil is used as the base oil, to which is added ultrahigh-viscosity oil, the low viscosity oil raising the efficiency of chip removal from the workpiece-to-electrode gap adequately cooling said gap, while the addition of ultrahigh viscosity oil enables the voltage across the discharge electrodes to be increased, allowing an even larger amount of electrical discharge energy to be applied to the workpiece-to-electrode gap, providing a fluid for electrical discharge machining which enables discharge efficiency to be greatly raised and discharge machining speed to be increased.

Abstract: Blended gasolines are produced by the mixing of a butane-pentane rich component, a natural gasoline component, and a toluene component. The mix is weathered during the blending operation to remove light-weight hydrocarbons comprising two, three and four-carbon components. The light-weight hydrocarbons, which preferably constitute less than 3 percent of the blended gasoline, can be recovered to generate power to run the process. The liquid gasoline mixture is formulated to produce a desired octane rating, an environmentally acceptable vapor pressure, and a mix which, when burned in an internal combustion engine, produces a minimum amount of pollutants.

Abstract: Disclosed is a refrigerating machine oil composition comprising:(A) 85 to 30% by weight of alkyl benzene having a kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. of 30 cSt or more;(B) 5 to 70% by weight of a paraffin-based mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. of 20 to 500 cSt, a pour point of -35.degree. C. or lower, a viscosity index of 60 or more, and a sulfur content of 100 ppm or less; and(C) 1 to 30% by weight of a naphthene-based mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. of 5 to 500 cSt, a pour point of -30.degree. C. or lower, and a sulfur content of 0.05 to 1% by weight, the total sulfur content of said composition being 0.01 to 0.10% by weight.The present composition is excellent in stability, lubricity, compatibility with refrigerants, and low temperature property.

Abstract: Liquid dicyclopentadiene feedstocks are provided for bulk polymerization by the addition of reactive norbornene function containing cycloolefin monomers to solid, high purity dicyclopentadiene compositions. These liquid dicyclopentadiene feedstocks provide a high degree of conversion to polymer under bulk polymerization conditions.

Abstract: A high temperature heat transfer and lubricating composition consisting of a mixture of (a) a mixture of mono-, di- and tribenzylated ethyl benzene and (b) a polyphenyl ether. The lubricant has a pour point of -40.degree. C. and does not degrade at temperatures of 300.degree. C. The lubricant is miscible in all proportions but the ratio of component (a) to component (b) is about 10 to 90:90 to 10.

Abstract: Crude oil (one of which is a high fouling crude oil) are blended to maintain the incompatible asphaltene thereof below a predetermined level thereby reducing the fouling tendency of the high fouling crude oil. Paraffinic liquids, LPG's, and condensates may also be blended with crude oil, while monitoring and controlling incompatible asphaltenes thereof.

Abstract: A process is provided wherein premium fuels are manufactured from a high sulfur, low pour point feed and a low sulfur, high pour point feed. The feeds are treated individually (blocked operation) in a catalytic reactor that desulfurizes or dewaxes the feed, depending on temperature, and the effluents are combined. Since cut point limitations due to sulfur or pour point are removed by the process, yield of a fuel (e.g. jet fuel) is materially enhanced.

Abstract: A stable fluid composition is provided by this invention which contains a cis-o-tercyclohexyl compound and a trans-o-tercyclohexyl compound at a weight ratio of 25:75-65:35. This composition is useful as a fluid for traction drive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refrigerator oil composition which comprises 70 to 98 wt % of a paraffin base oil having a pour point of not more than -35.degree. C., a sulfur content of not more than 50 ppm (parts per million), and a kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. of 5 to 500 cSt (centistrokes) and 30 to 2 wt % of a naphthene base oil having a pour point of not more than -35.degree. C., a sulfur content of 0.05 to 1 wt % and a kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. of 5 to 500 cSt, and in which the sulfur content is 0.01 to 0.10 wt %.The refrigerator oil composition of the present invention effectively prevents the formation of valve sludge. The refrigerator oil composition of the present invention is also excellent in anti-wear properties. Furthermore the refrigerator oil composition of the present invention is excellent in stability and baking resistance in the condition that is in contact with the refrigerant (Furon) and further is excellent in low temperature solubility.

Abstract: Contaminated oil is reclaimed for fuel use by pumping same through an oil filter into one side of a divided tank then through a heater to burn off water and antifreeze and then into the other side of the divided tank where the oil is blended with other clean oil, such as diesel fuel, which is then pumped through a water separator and another oil filter into a fuel supply tank from which it is pumped and used for blending. The divided tank is mounted on wheels and carries the various components such as pumps, heater, valves, piping, filter and so forth.

Abstract: A two-cycle engine oil composition which comprises a terpene compound selected from the group consisting of terpene hydrocarbons, terpene alcohols and terpene ether incorporated in a lubricant substance selected from the group consisting of a mineral oil, a polyglycol ester, a polyol ester, a phosphate, a dibasic acid ester, a polyolefin and a mixture thereof, the content of the terpene compound being in the range of 2 to 70% by weight based on the total amount of the composition. The two-cycle engine oil can reduce the concentration of smoke in the exhaust gas and provides an exhaust gas free of disagreeable and/or irritating odors which instead has a pleasant smell. The oil also has good detergent dispersing characteristics.

Abstract: The working fluid for traction drive use has a particularly high traction coefficient at high temperatures and the principal ingredient thereof is a decahydronaphthalene compound substituted, on either one or both of the decahydronaphthalene rings, with two or three substituent groups which may be cyclohexyl groups, cyclohexyl alkyl groups, e.g. cyclohexyl methyl, cyclohexyl ethyl, 1-methyl-1-cyclohexyl ethyl and 1-methyl-1-(methylcyclohexyl) ethyl groups, or a combination thereof. The working fluid can be a mixture of a base oil of various types and the above mentioned decahydronaphthalene compound in an amount of 5 to 250 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the base oil.

Abstract: Compositions useful as pour point depressants, novel compounds within such compositions, and processes for making same, as well as lubricant oil compositions containing same, are disclosed. The novel compounds are encompassed by the general structural formula (I) ##STR1## wherein the Ar, Ar' and Ar" are independently an aromatic moiety containing 1 to 3 aromatic rings and each aromatic moiety is substituted with 0 to 3 substituents, (R) and (R') are independently an alkylene group containing about 1 to 100 carbon atoms with the proviso that at least one of (R) or (R') is CH.sub.2, and n is 0 to about 1000; with the proviso that if n is 0, then (R) is CH.sub.2 and each aromatic moiety is independently substituted with 0 to 3 substituents with one aromatic moiety having at least one substituent, the substituents being selected from the group consisting of a substituent derived from an olefin and a substituent derived from a chlorinated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The fluid for traction drive containing:(A) an alkane derivative having at least three cyclohexane rings in a molecule; and(B) an alkane derivative having a main chain of two or three carbon atoms, to which at least two methyl groups are bonded, and having two cyclohexane rings in a molecule each bonded to one of the terminal carbon atoms of the alkane, or a cyclopentane derivative having two cyclohexane rings in a molecule, and which has a kinematic viscosity of at least 3 centistokes at 100.degree. C.The fluid has a high traction coefficient with stability over a wide range of temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to copolymers of esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with unbranched alcohols that contain at least 16 C atoms, and maleic anhydride, and also the use of these copolymers as crystallization inhibitors in paraffin-bearing crude oils.

Abstract: A traction fluid having a lubricant basestock comprising a selected mineral oil composition containing a saturate fraction having a significant portion made up of multiring components of at least three rings and an aromatic fraction which comprises at least 15% by weight of said composition and contains at least 40% by volume of multiring components.

Abstract: A novel electrical insulating oil and oil-filled electrical appliances that are impregnated with the novel insulating oil. The electrical insulating oil is quite suitable for use in oil-filled electrical appliances in which insulating materials or dielectric materials made of plastics are employed. The electrical insulating oil comprises (a) at least one member of alkylbiphenyls and alkylnaphthalenes and (b) at least one member of monoolefins and diolefins each having two condensed or noncondensed aromatic nuclei.

Abstract: An improved electrical insulating oil and oil-filled electrical appliances impregnated therewith. The electrical insulating oil is quite suitable for use in oil-filled electrical appliances in which insulating materials or dielectric materials made of plastics are employed. The electrical insulating oil comprises (a) at least one member of diarylalkanes and (b) at least one member selected from the group of mono- and/or diolefins having two condensed or noncondensed aromatic nuclei.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solar energy system wherein chemical A is converted into chemical B in the presence of a photo-sensitizer with the absorption of considerable heat, which heat can be redelivered at will by placing chemical B in contact with a catalyst. The catalyst is stable at high temperatures permitting operation through the phase change from liquid to vapor with consequent use of chemical B for performing work in engines, heat pumps and the like.

Abstract: A lift-off adhesively erasable typewriter ribbon contains, in a pigmentatious layer on the substrate strip, in addition to the pigment and a resin binder, a halogenated hydrocarbon modifier containing at least 14 carbon atoms serving to embrittle the resin binder and facilitate transfer of the layer from the ribbon to the paper during the writing process and to allow clean and adhesive removal of print if a correction is required.

Abstract: A traction fluid having a lubricant basestock comprising hydrogenated coal tar containing a saturated fraction having a major portion made up of multiring components of at least three rings and an aromatic fraction which comprises at least 12% by weight of said fluid and contains at least 50% by volume of multiring components.

Abstract: A traction fluid is disclosed. The traction fluid is the product obtained by hydrogenation of a hydrocarbon composition containing at least 40 weight percent diphenylalkanes containing 22 to 34 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A liquid composition and method for forming the composition, the composition being intended for use in an oil-filled electrical apparatus to minimize the detrimental effects that can occur during high fault conditions which oil composition is biodegradable and formed from natural hydrocarbons and synthetic hydrocarbons which when combined form a flat pseudo-rectangular molecular weight distribution curve.