Abstract: A diesel engine cylinder head is provided with air gap inserts for insulating the combustion and exhaust gas exposed surfaces from the coolant jacket exposed walls so as to limit heat transfer to the engine coolant. Various insert elements are disclosed which may be used independently or in combination. Installation of a prefabricated multiple port exhaust insert which permits improved efficiency of gas flow is provided for by utilizing a two-piece construction for the main housing of the cylinder head.

Abstract: A combustion system and a method for operating same by passing a fuel-air mixture into an auxiliary combustion chamber and the same fuel-air mixture into a main combustion chamber with a portion of recirculated exhaust gas.

Abstract: A cylinder head is disclosed which can reduce external connections between engine exhaust ports and an exhaust conduit having an exhaust purifier. The cylinder head comprises a casting block formed with a plurality of exhaust ports, with a common port and with a plurality of passages communicating at one end with the common port. Each of the passages communicate with one of the exhaust ports.

Abstract: An intake manifold of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is constructed so as to feed a rich air-fuel mixture into certain cylinders, and a lean mixture into the others.

Abstract: NOx concentration in the exhaust gas is reduced by supplying an extremely rich air-fuel mixture to half of the cylinders and an extremely lean mixture to the remaining cylinders. HC and CO in the exhaust are oxidized in a reactor due to existence of excess air left after combustion of the lean mixture.

Abstract: A diesel engine cylinder head is provided with air gap inserts for insulating the combustion and exhaust gas exposed surfaces from the coolant jacket exposed walls so as to limit heat transfer to the engine coolant. Various insert elements are disclosed which may be used independently or in combination. Installation of a prefabricated multiple port exhaust insert which permits improved efficiency of gas flow is provided for by utilizing a two-piece construction for the main housing of the cylinder head.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a plurality of in-line cylinders is provided with a series of exhaust pipes each connected to receive exhaust gases from one or more of the cylinders. A first reaction chamber receives exhaust gases from each of the exhaust pipes. A second reaction chamber extends along a first reaction chamber parallel with the line of cylinders, and has a wall in common with the first reaction chamber. A third reaction chamber surrounds and encloses the first and second reaction chambers and the exhaust pipes. An opening between the first and second reaction chambers is positioned near one of the exhaust pipes at the end of the series, and another opening between the second and third exhaust reaction chambers is positioned near an exhaust pipe at the other end of the series. This construction minimizes temperature drop in the long exhaust pipes at the ends of the series.

Abstract: Each cylinder of an internal combustion spark ignition V-8 engine is provided with a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber connected by a torch opening. A lean air-fuel mixture is supplied to the main combustion chambers and a rich air-fuel mixture is supplied to the auxiliary combustion chambers. An exhaust reaction chamber assembly is positioned between the two banks of cylinders and is provided with a liner having a first reaction chamber therein. Four exhaust tubes each connected to receive exhaust gases from two adjacent cylinders project into the reaction chamber and each has a discharge end in close proximity and in substantial alignment with the discharge end of another exhaust tube so that exhaust gases discharged by each exhaust tube enter another exhaust tube and also enter into the first reaction chamber. The first reaction chamber discharges into an enclosing second reaction chamber from which heat is derived to vaporize both of the air-fuel mixtures.

Abstract: One-half of combustion chambers is fed with a lean air-fuel mixture the ratio of which is above the ratio at which maximum quantities of NO.sub.x are formed and the other half with a rich mixture the ratio of which is below the ratio at which maximum quantities of NO.sub.x are formed, the rich mixture ratio depending on vehicle speed. Above a predetermined load all chambers are fed with a richer-than-stoichiometric mixture and air may be added to the exhaust.

Abstract: A port liner assembly comprises a tubular liner embedded in a cylinder head block as its moulding so as to be integrally formed into a heat-insulation wall surrounding an exhaust port formed in said cylinder head block, said tubular liner consisting of an outer tube and an inner tube spaced inside of said outer tube.

Abstract: Multicylinder having a pair of cylinders for over-concentrated mixed gas and a pair of cylinders for under-concentrated mixed gas, suction manifolds for supplying mixed gas to the cylinders respectively, a communication hole provided between the manifolds and opened or closed by an opening and closing valve which is controlled by means of a controlling device in response to negative pressure in the manifolds.

Abstract: A fence plate disposed in an intake manifold directs a rich mixture into certain cylinders, and a lean mixture into the others.

Abstract: An improved multi-cylinder internal combustion engine for producing cleaner exhaust gas. The engine has a novel fuel gas intake device in which a lean mixture gas having an air-to-fuel ratio of about 16-20 is fed almost uniformly to all the cylinders by means of a carburetor, and some of the cylinders are provided with a fuel addition passageway to supply an appropriate amount of additional fuel in accordance with various operation conditions of the engine in response to an opening angle and abrupt opening of a throttle valve of the carburetor so that a rich mixture gas having an air-to-fuel ratio of about 12-14 may be fed to such cylinders, whereby the amount of harmful gases, such as HC, CO and NO.sub.x in the exhaust, can be effectively reduced.

Abstract: Adjacent cylinders have respective exhaust ports integrated within the cylinder head to reduce the heat absorbing surface area. The common outlets are disposed as far as is practical from the neighboring head bolts.

Abstract: A multi cylinder internal combustion engine is disclosed having the cylinders arranged in A and B groups. The A cylinders are supplied with an enriched air-fuel mixture, and the B cylinders are supplied with a lean air-fuel mixture. An apparatus for purifying the exhaust gas gathers exhaust gas from the cylinders A and cylinders B and subjects the same to oxidation reaction. Also, the exhaust gas is recycled into the intake system for the cylinders A.

Abstract: An exhaust conveying system for internal combustion engines, in which the exhaust pipes connecting the engine head with a single exhaust manifold comprise each at least a pair of tubular members, at least one of the tubular members being made of thin sheet having circumferential corrugations, with the crests of the corrugations being adherent to the surface of the other tubular member so as to define air spaces between the tubular members. As consequence, the heat losses from the exhaust pipes are strongly reduced, thus improving the post-combustion of unburned components of the exhaust gases which takes place downstream of the exhaust pipes. The exhaust pipes can also be provided with a porous layer of a ceramic material bonded to their inner wall.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold reactor assembly usable for reducing noxious emissions from the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a reactor casing having a generally longitudinal cylindrical shape in flow communication between the exhaust port of the engine and the exhaust pipe of the exhaust system. An internal concentric core of similar shape is fixedly connected to the reactor casing at the midpoint of its length, and a second connection enabling longitudinal sliding engagement between the core and the casing is provided at another location off-center from the casing midpoint.

Abstract: An exhaust reaction chamber assembly for use with an internal combustion engine having cylinders in line includes one or more chambers divided by a metal partition to form separate compartments sealed from each other. A downstream chamber which is not divided surrounds and encloses the divided chamber or chambers and also surrounds and encloses a major portion of the length of each of a plurality of exhaust branches which are connected to individual exhaust ports, respectively. In this way the temperature of the exhaust gases is maintained at a high level in order to promote rapid oxidation of HC and CO in the exhaust gases. Two exhaust reaction chamber assemblies are disclosed, one for a six cylinder engine and one for a four cylinder engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a plurality of in-line cylinders is provided with a series of exhaust pipes each connected to receive exhaust gases from two cylinders of different exhaust timing. A first reaction chamber receives exhaust gases from each of the exhaust pipes. A second reaction chamber surrounds and encloses the first reaction chamber and said exhaust pipes. A deflector within the second reaction chamber extends continuously from a position adjacent the entrance end of the exhaust pipe at one end of the series to a position adjacent the entrance end of another exhaust pipe at the other end of the series, the deflector acting to cause exhaust gases moving through the second reaction chamber to pass over the major portion of the lengths of each of the exhaust pipes. Oxygen-rich exhaust gases from the engine are held at a high temperature for long residence time to oxidize HC and CO and thereby minimize the quantity of these pollutants discharged into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A device for the after-burning of combustible components of engine exhaust gases, particularly for mounting on an engine block of an Otto engine, comprises a reactor housing which has an interior elongated reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is divided by a perforated bottom plate which extends across the reaction chamber and divides it into first and second chamber portions. An exhaust gas conduit is connected into the first chamber portion along with a secondary combustion air supply conduit, and the second chamber portion is connected to a treated gas discharge conduit for conducting away from the gases. The exhaust gas conduit is made very short and it has a flange thereon for mounting the device directly on the combustion engine block. The plate is perforated, and it includes one or more plate portions which permits the portions to be displaced relatively in order to accommodate any thermal expansion and contraction.

Abstract: A manifold system for a multi-cylinder internal combustion piston engine has an intake manifold for supplying a lean mixture to the main combustion chambers of the engine and a rich mixture to the auxiliary combustion chambers thereof. In such an engine, each main combustion chamber is connected to its respective auxiliary combustion chamber through a torch opening. The manifold system also includes an exhaust manifold having improved means for heating the lean mixture and the rich mixture in the intake manifold, and constructed to provide a longer residence time for the exhaust gases and to promote a high mean temperature so that the chemical reaction between the excess air and carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons may add additional heat, to the end that exhaust emissions to the atmosphere of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons are minimized.

Abstract: An intake and exhaust system for an internal combustion engine of the type having an auxiliary combustion chamber associated with each main combustion chamber, and wherein the overall air-fuel charge to all combustion chambers is leaner than the stoichiometric ratio, so that excess air is present in the exhaust gases. The system includes integrated intake manifolds, one for connection with the main combustion chamber and the other for connection with the auxiliary combustion chamber, and an exhaust manifold for connection with the main combustion chambers. The exhaust manifold includes a stainless steel liner enveloped within and spaced from a metal casting in order to retain the heat of the exhaust gases so that the exhaust gas temperature remains at or above the temperature at which the unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases will continue to burn. This temperature also promotes oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A thermal reactor for an internal combustion engine wherein when the temperature of the engine is low, exhaust gas exhausted from the engine is reacted in an inner core before it is mixed with secondary air and then guided to a riser member where it is heat-exchanged with intake gas mixture and thereafter exhausted through a bypass passage, and when the temperature of the engine is moderate to high the exhaust gas is mixed in the inner core with the secondary air introduced into the inner core through the vicinity of the riser member, whereby unburnt component in the exhaust gas is burnt and exhausted.

Abstract: The invention concerns a reactor for afterburning of unburned constituents in the exhaust of an internal combustion engine, consisting of a jacketed heat-insulated reactor chamber into which at least one inlet pipe passing through the jacket and communicating with an outlet passage of the engine opens tangentially, being traversed by exhaust gases mixed with secondary air, and having an outlet pipe for escape of exhaust gases from the reactor chamber. The reactor chamber in cylindrical in shape and the inlet pipe opens into the reactor chamber tangentially and the outlet pipe is passed out of the reactor chamber tangentially from the inlet pipe in the direction offset of flow.

Abstract: A thermal reactor comprising a shell, an outer core in the shell, an inner core supported by the outer core, an inlet pipe being fixed to the shell and extending through the outer and inner cores, and an outlet pipe. A convex portion on the periphery of the outer core is slidably supported in a concave portion provided on the shell and one end of the inner core is slidably supported on the periphery of the outer core. The outlet pipe is fixed to the shell and the outer core. Therefore, relative movements caused by the thermal deformations are permitted between the shell and the outer and inner cores, while generations of noise and vibration of each member are prevented.

Abstract: An exhaust gas reaction chamber has an inner chamber surrounded and encompassed by an outer chamber, and a "U" shaped pipe extends through both chambers and has a single feed port positioned within the inner chamber. Both ends of the pipe receive exhaust gases discharged through two paired exhaust passages discharging through a single port. A thick wall housing surrounds the reaction chamber but is spaced from the thin metal walls which form the reaction chamber. The outer chamber heats a lean intake mixture supplied to the main combustion chambers of the engine and heats a rich mixture suppled to auxiliary combustion chambers of the engine.

Abstract: An automobile combustion engine having at least one exhaust port is provided with a tubular insert within an engine casing. This tubular insert is accommodated within an exhaust passage leading from at least one combustion chamber towards the exhaust port, and is held in position by the interposition of a heat insulating member made of heat insulating material having a lower thermal conductivity than that of material of the engine casing and/or the tubular insert. Heat transfer from the tubular insert to the engine casing is minimized by the interposition of the heat insulating member thereby avoiding a possible reduction of the temperature of an exhaust gas flowing through the tubular insert towards a subsequent process station.

Abstract: A combustion engine having at least one outlet passage for expulsion of the burned gases. The outlet passage terminates at the outer surface of the engine and communicates with an exhaust pipe connected to the outer surface by a flange and an intervening gasket. A tubular liner is arranged in the outlet passage and forms an annular cavity together with the wall of the passage. The liner extends free from the outlet passage through the gasket and the flange into the adjoining exhaust pipe.

Abstract: The thermal reactor comprising a shell, a core in the shell, an inlet pipe being fixed at one end to the shell and extending sealingly through the core, and an outlet pipe. A convex portion on the periphery of the core is slidably supported in a concave portion formed in the shell and the outlet pipe is fixed thereto and to the core, thereby permitting relative movements therebetween due to thermal deformation and preventing generation of noise and vibration of each member.

Abstract: Rich and lean air-fuel mixtures can be alternately supplied into engine cylinders in response to engine load to effectively operate an afterburner.

Abstract: A apparatus for controlling the amount of polluting substances within a fluid such as the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, wherein the polluted fluid passes through a corona-producing chamber having spaced conductive members biased by an alternating electrical potential which effect elimination or conversion of the harmful substances within the exhaust through a series of chemical reactions. Prior to passing through the corona-producing chamber, the exhaust gas is mixed with air or other oxygen containing substance to create an ozone field and other chemical reactants within the chamber to reduce the amount of various contaminants of the polluted gas. The corona-producing member is provided with a plurality of corona-emitting elements which cause an intense corona discharge to occur within the chamber.

Abstract: An exhaust reactor manifold having a reaction chamber formed by a hardened insulative ceramic liner which is supported within a protective housing. The liner walls are protected and insulated by compessible fibrous insulation. Springs and wedges in the housing act through the insulation blanket to load the liner walls in compression. Inlet and exhaust ports are provided through angled sealing surfaces of the liner which are urged by the compressive loading of the liner into engagement with mating surfaces of a ported mounting portion of the housing.

Abstract: Each cylinder of an internal combustion V-8 piston engine has a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber connected by a torch nozzle restriction. A main exhaust gas reaction chamber is positioned between the two banks of cylinders. Exhaust passages supply hot exhaust gases from the cylinders to exhaust gas tubes, each of which receives hot exhaust gases from two adjacent cylinders and projects through an insulated wall of the gas reaction chamber, to discharge into it toward an end wall thereof. A main exhaust pipe extends through a remote end wall at the opposite end of the reaction chamber. An exhaust gas induction member is positioned within the reaction chamber and receives the discharge from two of the exhaust tubes.

Abstract: A manifold reactor for an automobile comprising a reactor vessel which defines a reaction chamber for recombustion of combustible components contained in exhaust gases, said reactor vessel being further adapted to introduce the exhaust gas in said chamber to a riser portion of an intake manifold to heat same, wherein ports to introduce and discharge exhaust gas into and out of the reaction chamber and a port to introduce exhaust gas to the riser portion are arranged so that the gas traverses full flow path available in the reaction chamber before it reaches the riser portion to release heat to same.

Abstract: An internal-combustion spark-ignition V-8 piston engine has a main exhaust gas reaction chamber positioned between the two banks of cylinders. Each cylinder has a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber connected by a torch nozzle restriction. Valved intake passages supply lean mixture to the main combustion chambers and rich mixture to the auxiliary combustion chambers. A spark plug is associated with each auxiliary combustion chamber. Valved exhaust passages supply hot exhaust gases to auxiliary exhaust gas reaction chambers, each of which projects through an insulated wall of the main exhaust gas reaction chamber, and discharges into it.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifier for internal combustion engine, has a porous filter impregnated with a desired adsorbent or a porous filter made of bulk metal catalyst. Instead of extending perpendicular to the main axial direction of the exhaust pipe, the filter extends axially and is mounted on a metal screen cylinder having a baffle which diverts the flow of exhaust gas toward and through the cylinder and filter. In this manner, the exhaust gas flows axially into the screen cylinder and then passes radially through the filter to a second flow passage which is connected to the purifier outlet. Very low back pressure is obtained with this arrangement.

Abstract: A clamp arrangement clamping a thermal reactor to a rotary engine comprising a clamp member that is first connected by spherically seating fasteners to the engine so as to pivot to receive the reactor which then makes these fasteners inaccessible and wherein additional fasteners are then employed at readily accessible locations to apply distributed load on the clamp member to tightly clamp the reactor to the engine.

Abstract: A thermal reactor adapted to receive hot exhaust gases generated as the result of the combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel within an engine. The hot exhaust gas stream taken directly from the engine, is passed into a chamber where it reacts with air, preferably in the presence of a reaction promoting element. However, prior to the reaction stage, the hot gas is urged into a swirling motion and through a constricted passageway whereby to provide through a longer dwell period, better mixing, and avoid direct impingement of the gas against the catalyst bed surface when the latter is utilized.

Abstract: A method of programming exhaust gas constituents is disclosed which cooperates with a unique exhaust passage liner construction resulting in an improved self-cleaning technique for internal combustion engines. The liner comprises an apparatus which preferably subdivides the outer peripheral region of the exhaust so that the Reynolds number of the outer flow is below 2300 and therefore indicative of laminar or controlled turbulent flow. The laminar transient film between the passage wall and flow is enhanced by the transient film between subdividing walls and the flow, the composite acting to reduce the heat transfer coefficient between the total flow and wall of the exhaust passage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to heat insulating castings of triple structure consisting of heat and corrosion resistant metal, heat insulating refractory material, and cast metal. The invention is characterized in that heat and corrosion resistant metal sheet is covered with heat insulating refractory material and the thus formed assembly is enveloped with cast metal. Fringe areas are provided at the ends of the heat and corrosion resistant metal and these fringes are enveloped with cast metal.

Abstract: Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine with wall means forming a wave tube having a substantially unimpeded flow passage with one end adapted to be placed in communication with the exhaust opening of the internal combustion engine. The wall means forming a wave tube is formed with a slot in relatively close proximity to the exhaust opening. Means is provided for collecting gases passing through the slot and for supplying the same to the intake of the internal combustion engine. Collecting means is provided for collecting the exhaust gases passing through the wave tube and for maintaining them at an elevated temperature before they are exhausted to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine possesses a reactor for afterburning of unburned constituents in the exhaust gas. The reactor includes a shell containing a heat-insulated, freely movable reactor chamber with at least one inlet nozzle extending freely through the shell and communicating with an outlet passage of the combustion engine. An outlet is also provided for escape of the exhaust gases from the reactor chamber.

Abstract: A valve disposed in the central space of the manifold normally divides the space into two halves to avoid mutual interference of exhaust gas flows. At low engine speeds, the valve causes the exhaust gas flows from all branches to be disturbed and to mix with each other, to promote oxidation of HC and CO.

Abstract: This specification discloses an exhaust gas cleaning device which is intended for removing harmful substances from exhaust gases of internal combustion engine, especially for removing carbon particles or the like.The device has a body accomodating a filter element adapted to catch the particles in the exhaust gases. The device is attached to the engine as if it were an exhaust manifold so that the clogging particles are conveniently burned by hot gases, whereby the filter element is conveniently recovered.

Abstract: A manifold for an internal combustion engine to serve also as an exhaust gas depollution reactor. An ante-chamber into which the gas initially flows, can be made to operate as a post-combustion chamber by introduction of excess combustion air while the engine is operating under the usual richer fuel/air mixture on start-up. The catalytic reaction components are located in a downstream main chamber with which the ante-chamber shares a common partition wall for heat transfer purposes.

Abstract: Two differently composed exhaust gases, one rich in air and the other in unburned fuel and CO, are alternately supplied to a thermal reactor in dependence on the firing sequence of engine cylinders. The thermal reactor is made up of a cylindrical inner body directly connected to an exhaust manifold at its middle and provided with exhaust holes in both ends, and an outer body forming a space between the two bodies.

Abstract: An exhaust gas manifold for an internal combustion engine in which there is provided an outer shell including an outer sleeve having a pair of end caps closing the ends thereof. An inner shell is carried within the outer shell and is formed by a plurality of slidably interfit inner sleeves which are supported in spaced relation to the outer sleeve on mounting members mounted on a second pair of end caps closing the ends of said inner shell and connected to said first pair of end caps. A plurality of inlet conduits and an outlet conduit are connected to said outer shell, and a plurality of inlet conduits and an outlet conduit are also connected to said inner shell with the conduits on said inner shell being carried in, and movable with respect to, the conduits on said outer shell.