Abstract: The present invention relates to an exhaust system conduit, including a generally cylindrical outer portion and a generally cylindrical inner portion disposed within the generally cylindrical outer portion and defining a generally cylindrical fluid-flow path. The generally cylindrical inner portion further includes a substantially fibrous porous nonwoven refractory monolith and a catalyst material at least partially coating the monolith.

Abstract: A method and system of providing compressed substantially oxygen-free exhaust gas for industrial purposes including the steps of extracting exhaust gas from a lean burn engine consuming a mixture of natural gas fuel and air, passing the extracted exhaust gas through a cooling step to cause entrained water vapor therein to condense out, separating and disposing of the condensed water, measuring the oxygen content of the exhaust gas, using the measurement to regulate the quantity of natural gas fed into an igniter into which the exhaust gas is also fed so that substantially all of the oxygen in the exhaust gas is consumed by combustion with the natural gas in the igniter to provide at an outlet of the igniter substantially oxygen-free exhaust gas, and compressing the substantially oxygen-free exhaust gas to provide compressed exhaust gas for industrial applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline molecular sieve SSZ-56 prepared using a N,N-diethyl-2-methyldecahydroquinolinium cation as a structure-directing agent and its use in minimizing cold start emissions from engines.

Abstract: A pressure detection mechanism for a catalyst of an engine, in which the catalyst includes an upstream NSR catalyst and a downstream DPNR catalyst stored in a catalyst casing, which includes a DPNR front pressure detection pipe connected to a space formed by the NSR catalyst, the DPNR catalyst and the catalyst casing, a DPNR rear pressure detection pipe downstream of the DPNR catalyst connected to a space formed by the DPNR catalyst and the catalyst casing, and a pressure difference transducer connected to the DPNR front pressure detection pipe and the DPNR rear pressure detection pipe.

Abstract: A method of managing vapors generated from an ammonia-containing reductant delivery system for an engine, comprising of storing an ammonia-containing fluid in a first storage device; generating ammonia vapors in the first storage device and storing said generated ammonia vapors in a second storage device; and purging said stored vapors from the second storage device to upstream of a combustion chamber of the engine during a first condition and downstream of the combustion chamber during a second condition.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment device for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes a housing that is adapted to be tied into the exhaust system and at least one exhaust gas purification insert arranged in the housing. The exhaust gas purification insert includes an insert housing which is open at one end and at least one exhaust gas purification element arranged in the insert housing. The housing has at least one insert bracket which has at least one mounting opening on whose opening edge is supported an end section of the insert housing in the form of a ring. The end section forms a first spherical shell segment and the opening edge forms either a second spherical shell segment that is complementary to the first spherical shell segment or a conical jacket segment that fits the first spherical shell segment.

Abstract: A Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst was prepared by slurry coating ZSM-5 zeolite onto a cordierite monolith, then subliming an iron salt onto the zeolite, calcining the monolith, and then dipping the monolith either into an aqueous solution of manganese nitrate and cerium nitrate and then calcining, or by similar treatment with separate solutions of manganese nitrate and cerium nitrate. The supported catalyst containing iron, manganese, and cerium showed 80 percent conversion at 113 degrees Celsius of a feed gas containing nitrogen oxides having 4 parts NO to one part NO2, about one equivalent ammonia, and excess oxygen; conversion improved to 94 percent at 147 degrees Celsius. N2O was not detected (detection limit: 0.6 percent N2O).

Abstract: A pollution control element mounting system comprising a mat of a fiber material and fine particles of an abrasive material provided on an inner peripheral surface of the mat at least on the side intended to contact the pollution control element. A pollution control device comprising a casing, a pollution control element and the mounting system disposed between the casing and the pollution control element.

Abstract: One embodiment of a method of operating a NOx abatement system comprises: introducing an exhaust stream to an ammonia generator in a normal flow direction, adsorbing NOx from the exhaust stream in the ammonia generator, diverting the exhaust stream around the ammonia generator, introducing hydrogen to the ammonia generator in a direction opposite the normal flow direction, and generating ammonia within the ammonia generator.

Abstract: To provide an exhaust system (100) for an internal combustion engine having a housing (10) in which there are provided at least one exhaust inlet port (15b) and another exhaust discharge port (15a), and a catalyst element (22), which is disposed within the housing (10) of the exhaust system (100) for purifying the exhaust of the internal combustion engine in such a manner that a substantial part of the exhaust at least is caused to flow through the catalyst element (22), that is readily manufacturable at a low cost and still allows for purification of the entire exhaust by the catalyst element without causing power loss to the internal combustion engine, it is suggested that the exhaust gases (27) alternately flow through the catalyst element (22) through an exhaust conducting means (17).

Abstract: A three-way catalyst (TWC) composition comprises a manganese-containing oxygen storage component (OSC) and at least one optionally doped alumina wherein where the at least one alumina is gamma-alumina it is doped with at least one of a rare earth metal, silicon, germanium, phosphorus, arsenic, calcium, strontium or barium.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for reducing NOx in exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. The purpose of this invention is to convert engine out NOx (approximately 90% NO in diesel exhaust) into roughly a 50:50 mixture of NO and NO2, while simultaneously oxidizing engine-out hydrocarbons which interfere with the reduction of NOx by urea or ammonia. The present invention demonstrates that a 50:50 blend of NO and NO2 is reduced more rapidly and with higher efficiency than a gas stream which is predominantly NO. In addition, catalyst in an engine exhaust that is a 50:50 mixture of NO and NO2 is far more resistant to hydrothermal deterioration than using NO alone. In another embodiment of the present invention, a vehicle exhaust system utilizing the method of the present invention is provided.

Abstract: A method for reducing nitrogen oxides including NO and NO2 in an exhaust stream also comprising oxygen, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons at a temperature above about 150° C., the method including in embodiments oxidizing NO in the exhaust stream to NO2; reforming raw diesel fuel to produce OHC's from the fuel; adding diesel fuel hydrocarbons and their oxygenates to the exhaust stream for the reduction of nitrogen oxides; and contacting the exhaust stream with a reduction hybrid catalyst comprising BaY—Ag/Al2O3 to reduce the nitrogen oxides to N2. The method reduces NOx initially through the (HC+OHC)/SCR process producing N2, while also producing NH3 as a byproduct over Ag/Al2O3. The NH3 subsequently reduces NOx over the BaY-Ag/Al2O3 hybrid catalyst through the NH3/SCR process, producing more N2 and thereby enhancing the NOx reduction efficiency of the hybrid catalyst system.

Abstract: The invention proposes an exhaust-gas purification unit for purifying the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine which is preferably operated in lean-burn mode, in particular a diesel engine used in motor vehicles, in which a particulate filter and a SCR catalytic converter are arranged in the exhaust pipe in succession in the direction of flow, and having a reducing-agent supply, it being possible for ammonia to be added to the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine on the entry side of the SCR catalytic converter by the reducing-agent supply. According to the invention, the exhaust-gas purification unit includes a hydrogen-generating unit for enriching the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine with the hydrogen which it generates. Use in motor vehicles.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas purification device is provided in which the NOx held in a NOx catalyst can be efficiently reduced and purified, and a sufficient amount of NOx can be reduced, thereby making it possible to regenerate the NOx catalyst over a wide range thereof. When processing of releasing and reducing the NOx held in the NOx catalyst 33 for purification, light oil is injected by an addition valve 37 so as to be supplied to the NOx catalyst 33 together with the exhaust gas, and after the droplet-like light oil adheres to the entire area of the NOx catalyst 33, the flow rate of the exhaust gas is decreased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas treatment apparatus for treating the exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine. The apparatus comprises several compartments within which one or more treatments are to be performed upon a gas flowing through the compartments. At least one compartment includes a treatment element secured against axial movement at each end. The treatment element is secured at least at one end by removable axial retaining apparatus. The removable axial retaining apparatus includes a secured member secured against axial movement. The treatment element is removable from within the compartment by axial movement after the removable axial retaining apparatus has been removed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an exhaust system (1) for an internal combustion engine (3) having at least one exhaust gas line (2) that carries exhaust gas and having an injection device (4) for spraying a liquid into the exhaust gas line (2). Downstream from the injection device (4) a vaporizer device (7) which has at least one tubular sheet metal body (8) downstream from the injection device (4), said sheet metal body extending in the longitudinal direction of the exhaust gas line (2) and causing an improved vaporization of the liquid sprayed into the exhaust gas line. In addition, at least one clamp device (12) which is designed like a spring is provided, securing the vaporizer device (7) in the exhaust gas line (2) and/or bracing it elastically against the exhaust gas line.

Abstract: A method for adding at least one, in particular liquid, reactant, to an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine includes adding a reactant flow to the stream downstream of an element provided for an at least partial conversion and/or at least partial elimination of at least one component of the stream, so that at least part of the reactant flow impinges on the element. This achieves rapid evaporation of the reactant flow. Impinging on the element, which is hot during operation, i.e. at temperatures of 400° C. and more, causes rapid evaporation and, because of a preferably porous coating of the element, take-up of the reactant solution into the element with successive evaporation. Urea, in particular, can be evaporated quickly, effectively and virtually completely upon introduction into an exhaust system as a reducing agent for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides, in particular in a downstream SCR catalytic converter.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises an exhaust system and an injection system. The injection system is configured to vaporize a first liquid portion of an agent into at least one bubble so as to inject a second liquid portion of the agent into the exhaust system by use of the at least one bubble for delivery of the agent to an emission abatement device of the exhaust system. An associated method is disclosed.

Abstract: In a control device for an internal combustion engine provided with a NOX catalytic converter in an exhaust passage thereof, the progress of sulfur purging is computed from the consumption of reducing agent contained in the exhaust gas in the NOX catalytic converter. This computation may be based on the air fuel ratio of exhaust gas upstream of the NOX catalytic converter and the estimated consumption of the reducing agent contained in the exhaust gas or on the difference between the air fuel ratios of exhaust gas upstream and downstream of the NOX catalytic converter. In either case, the accuracy can be improved by taking into account the space velocity of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: To determine whether an exhaust gas purification catalyst (42) of an engine (1) has deteriorated, a characteristic of exhaust gas on an upstream side of the catalyst (42) is detected, a characteristic of the exhaust gas on a downstream side of the catalyst (42) is detected, and when the engine (1) operates at a lean air-fuel ratio, a value expressing a difference in the oxygen concentration on the upstream side and downstream side of the catalyst (42) (an average excess air ratio difference) is calculated from the two detected values. When the value expressing the difference in the oxygen concentration is smaller than a deterioration determination threshold calculated in accordance with a quantity of state of the catalyst (42), the catalyst (42) is determined to have deteriorated.

Abstract: A device for producing ammonia from urea pellets includes a pellet dispensing device, a pellet accelerator, a pellet shooting channel, and an ammonia reactor having a chamber or zone for shooting in urea pellets and a pellet deflector arranged on an end of the shooting path. The device further includes a urea pellet evaporation device and a hydrolytic catalytic converter. The urea pellets are removed from the reservoir in a regulated number/quantity by a dispensing device and transported to the accelerating device, where the pellets are moved from the pellet shooting channel into the ammonia reactor, where they are broken down into small pieces by impacting a pellet deflector at the end of the shooting path. The pieces are converted into a gas mixture containing ammonia and isocyanic acid by means of a urea evaporation device. The isocyanic acid is subsequently converted into ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Device for treatment of a gas flow having at least one body (3) that is adapted to cause a conversion in the composition of the gas. The device is characterized in that the body (3) has a modular construction comprising a plurality of sections (26, 26?, 27, 27?, 36) with different internal structures that allow gas to flow through the section, and that the sections (26, 26?, 27, 27?, 36) are arranged so that at least a portion of the gas flows through at least two sections with different internal structures during operation of the device.

Abstract: A turboscreen for use with diesel exhaust systems comprises a plurality of parallel metal V-shaped wires joined with a peripheral band. The turboscreen is reversibly provided within a housing assembly that permits removal of the interior screen without detaching the housing assembly from the exhaust system. The interior screen can be removed from the housing by removing and/or loosening bolts that connect the plates of the housing and withdrawing the screen. Maintenance times and repair costs are thereby reduced.

Abstract: A method for controlling a variable geometry turbine of a turbocharger to increase the temperature of the exhaust gas delivered to an after-treatment system. In one form the method includes reducing a fluid flow area to the turbine below a normal size and bypassing a portion of the exhaust gas around a plurality of guide vanes.

Abstract: An intake air filter (1) is for an internal combustion engine, especially in a motor vehicle. The filter has a filter housing (2) having a raw air inlet (4), a pure air outlet (5), and an annular filter element (3) which is arranged in the filter housing (2) and through which air can flow in a radial manner from the outside towards the inside. The filter element has a first end disk (10) on the axial end thereof, said disk has an opening (12) by which means the pure air outlet (5) communicates with the inside (8) of the annular filter element (3). The purpose is to reduce the influence of a secondary air induction on the fresh air supply of the internal combustion engine. To this end, the filter housing (2) has a secondary air outlet (6), on the pure air side, and the annular filter element (3) has a second end disk (11) on an axial end opposing the first end disk (10).

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve, an intake pipe, and an afterburner. As the intake valve communicates an exhaust gas stream to an EGR valve, an afterburner affixed to an inside wall of the intake pipe captures and burns large particles contained in the exhaust gas stream to prevent obstruction of the EGR valve.

Abstract: An engine control device is configured to cause an engine to operate at the optimum combustion mode according to the load when warming up of an emissions purification catalyst is required, and to obtain reduced HC discharged from the engine and accelerated warm-up of the catalyst. The engine control device performs stratified combustion with a compression stroke injection in a low-load region according to the engine load, and performs double-injection combustion with an intake stroke injection and a compression stroke injection in an intermediate load region, when warming up of the catalyst is required. In a high-load region, the engine control device performs homogenous combustion with an intake stroke injection.

Abstract: In an exhaust aftertreatment system, which includes a nonthermal plasma discharge device followed by a NOx storage device followed by a precious metal catalyst, a method is disclosed for operating the engine at a lean air-fuel ratio when the NOx storage device is not full and for operating the engine rich when the NOx storage device is substantially full. Electrical energy supplied to the nonthermal plasma discharge device during lean operation is discontinued during rich operation of the engine.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to a system and method for treatment of oxygen rich exhaust and more specifically to a method and system that combines non-thermal plasma with a metal doped ?-alumina catalyst. Current catalyst systems for the treatment of oxygen rich exhaust are capable of achieving only approximately 7 to 12% NOx reduction as a passive system and only 25–40% reduction when a supplemental hydrocarbon reductant is injected into the exhaust stream. It has been found that treatment of an oxygen rich exhaust initially with a non-thermal plasma and followed by subsequent treatment with a metal doped ?-alumina prepared by the sol gel method is capable of increasing the NOx reduction to a level of approximately 90% in the absence of SO2 and 80% in the presence of 20 ppm of SO2. Especially useful metals have been found to be indium, gallium, and tin.

Abstract: A method of avoiding damage to a decoupling hose mounted between two tubes of a motor vehicle exhaust system, said hose comprising a deformable inner portion, an outer sealing leakproofing portion in the form of a continuous and leaktight sleeve having a flexible central zone and two rigid endpieces, and an intermediate portion in the form of a wad of thermal lagging extending substantially over the entire length of the outer sleeve, each rigid endpiece extending at least over a length such that its peripheral end edge connected to the flexible central zone overlies the inner portion of the hose which is subjected to deformation, wherein, in order to avoid any damage to the wad of thermal lagging by said peripheral end edge of each endpiece, the method consists in defining the effective length of the endpieces in such a manner that for the wad of thermal lagging having an initial thickness H0 and a compressed thickness Hc when compressed by said peripheral edge of each endpiece during maximum transverse defle

Abstract: A system of a fuel cell bottoming an internal combustion engine. The engine exhaust gas may be combined in varying degrees with air and fed as input to a fuel cell. Reformer and oxidizers may be combined with heat exchangers to accommodate rich and lean burn conditions in the engine in peaking and base load conditions without producing high concentrations of harmful emissions.

Abstract: A structure of an exhaust manifold branch collecting portion includes a double collecting pipe 21 for collecting a plurality of exhaust openings 11A, 17A. The double collecting pipe 21 is comprised of an inner pipe 21-1 and an outer pipe 21-2, which are connected integrally to each other. In a space formed between the inner pipe 21-1, the outer pipe 21-2, and a ring-shaped stainless steel cushion member 22-2, a tubular cushion member 22-1, which is thermally expanded and foamed, is arranged as a restricted cushion structure.

Abstract: An exhaust system of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, particularly in a motor vehicle, has a first exhaust-gas line for receiving the exhaust gas from a first cylinder group of the internal combustion engine, a second exhaust-gas line for receiving the exhaust gas from a second cylinder group of the internal combustion engine, an exhaust-gas expansion chamber and an exhaust-gas outlet line, leading out of the exhaust-gas expansion chamber. The first and second exhaust-gas lines lead into an exhaust-gas mixing chamber which is coupled in gas flow communication with the exhaust-gas expansion chamber, so that exhaust gas can expand via the perforation of the exhaust-gas mixing chamber, into the exhaust gas expansion chamber.

Abstract: A combustion chamber, in particular for a rocket drive, comprises at least one jacket made of a composite material with a ceramic matrix. The composite material contains a fibrous structure made of carbon-containing fibers, and the fibrous structure comprises layers of fibers that form a three-dimensional matrix.

Abstract: A catalyst for internal combustion engine exhaust purification without frequently switching to a rich burn mode. The catalyst includes a catalyst A containing an NOx absorbing substance and an NOx reducing catalyst, a catalyst B containing a hydrogen adsorption substance and a hydrogen oxidizing catalyst, an electron conductive substance C, and an ion conductive substance D. Electrons move between the catalyst A and the catalyst B through the electron conductive substance C, ions move through the ion conductive substance D, and an electrochemical reducing reaction and an electrochemical oxidizing reaction respectively occur on the catalyst A and on the catalyst B. Therefore, it is possible to quickly reduce the adsorbed NOx using the adsorbed hydrogen without depending on the atmosphere.

Abstract: A double pipe exhaust manifold includes an inner pipe, an outer pipe formed in a cylindrical shape by joining at least one side edge thereof by welding, a space retaining member disposed in an annular space defined between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, a connection pipe connecting to a exhaust gas recirculation valve, and a mesh ring. Opening holes are formed in the inner pipe and the outer pipe so that the opening holes are opposed to each in a radial direction of the pipes. The connection pipe is connected to the opening hole of the outer pipe. The mesh ring is interposed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe in a state that the mesh ring plugs an annular opening part defined between opening edges of the opening holes.

Abstract: An exhaust pulse control unit (10) for increasing exhaust manifold vacuum in an engine comprises an inlet (11), an outlet (12) and an intermediate containment zone (13). An exhaust pulse capture and expansion zone (14) is located between the inlet and intermediate zone and a merging zone (17) between the intermediate zone and the outlet. The capture and expansion zone may consist of two stages with the first stage providing a relatively rapid increase in exhaust gas volume.

Abstract: A particulate filter (22) is arranged in an exhaust passage of an engine. When an amount of discharged particulate discharged from a combustion chamber (5) per unit time exceeds an amount of particulate removable by oxidation which can be removed by oxidation on the particulate filter (22) per unit time without emitting a luminous flame, at least one of the amount of discharged particulate and the amount of particulate removable by oxidation is controlled so that the amount of discharged particulate becomes smaller than the amount of particulate removable by oxidation, whereby the particulate in the exhaust gas can be continuously removed by oxidation on the particulate filter (22) without emitting a luminous flame.

Abstract: A device is provided for discharging two gases from a vehicle to ambient air, one gas having pressure pulsation of a first magnitude. The device includes an elongated body connected with the vehicle and having a first inlet connected with a first gas source, a second inlet connected with a second gas source, an outlet fluidly communicable with ambient air, and an interior mixing chamber, the two inlets being fluidly communicable with the chamber such that the two gases flow into the chamber. The body combines the two gases within the mixing chamber to form a combined gas having pressure pulsation of a lesser, second magnitude and to discharge the combined gas to ambient air. Preferably, the body includes an outer tubular member having the first inlet and the outlet and an inner tubular member disposed within the outer member and including the second inlet and a plurality of ports.

Abstract: An exhaust processor includes a soot filter and a filter regenerator. The filter regenerator is configured to burn off particulate matter collected in the soot filter to regenerate the soot filter.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment device is provided for an internal combustion engine of a marine propulsion system. An outer chamber contains a first inner chamber within it and slidably supports the inner chamber. An exhaust inlet conduit directs a stream of exhaust gases from a cylinder of the internal combustion engine directly into the inner chamber. The inner and outer chambers are supported relative to each other to allow relative movement of these two components in response to changes in the differential temperature between the two components. A rail system slidably supports the inner chamber relative to the outer chamber. The exhaust treatment device comprises a liquid cooled housing surrounding the inner and outer chambers. Exhaust gas is directed through the inner chamber and then into the outer chamber at a closed end of the exhaust treatment device. Exhaust gases then flow through the outer chamber to an exhaust conduit of the marine propulsion system.

Abstract: A heat shield provides thermal insulation and reduced noise transmission for under-the-hood vehicular engine components, such as exhaust manifolds. The structure is formed in three layers: an outer metal layer to provide structural integrity, a center insulation layer to isolate heat and dampen noise, and an inner metal layer directly adjacent the shielded component for reflecting heat back to the shielded component. As disclosed, the insulation layer is sandwiched between the two metal layers. The heat shield is formed in two integral mating halves to define a unitary structure containing grommets. The grommets incorporate capscrews rotatably secured in respective halves of the structure for attachment to mounting bosses on the component. Finally, the edges of the two metal layers of the heat shield are folded over to prevent injury to installers, and to reinforce the heat shield structure for enhancing its useful life under severe conditions of vibration and heat.

Abstract: Method and arrangement for a combustion engine having an exhaust pipe, and a particle filter located in the exhaust pipe including a membrane which is permeable to gas components generated by a combustion process in the combustion engine but impermeable to soot and ash particles generated by the same combustion process, and also a method for cleaning such a filter.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold is disclosed that enhances the purification efficiency and lifetime of the catalyst in a catalytic converter. The manifold includes: a mixing chamber of a spheroidal shape having runners, each runner having one end connected to an exhaust port and the other end to the mixing chamber along the outer circumference thereof at an angle that causes rotation of the entering exhaust; and a diffuser to induce exhaust gas to diffuse widely before passing through the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A photocatalytic device for photocatalytically treating evaporative emissions comprises a substrate with a photocatalyst. A shell is disposed about the substrate, and can optionally comprises one or more sections of transparent material capable of being penetrated by an ultra violet light. Additionally, sealing agent can optionally be disposed between the shell and sections of transparent material to provide a gas tight seal.

Abstract: A static mixer in the exhaust emission control system of an excess-air-operated combustion engine is formed of an expanded grid with a plurality of openings formed between crossbars. Using an expanded grid achieves both good mixing of the exhaust gas with a reducing agent in a short mixing path and properly aligns the exhaust flow.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus for increasing combustion efficiency during combustion of a carbon-containing fuel such as a fossil fuel. The systems and apparatus utilize catalytically reactive particles within a reaction chamber, typically silica or alumina, that interact with waste exhaust gases produced during combustion of the fuel in order to produce a degrading atmosphere of hydroxy radicals or other reactive species. The degrading atmosphere apparently migrates to the source of combustion and increases the efficiency of combustion as evidenced by the reduction or elimination of soot and other pollutants normally produced. Typically, the reaction chamber is maintained at a temperature in a range from about 30° C. to about 600° C. Moisture is provided by the waste exhaust gases in order to catalyze formation of hydroxyl radicals by the catalytically reactive particles.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing the amount of NOx in an automotive vehicle combustion exhaust gas are disclosed. Accordingly, the system includes a first converter for forming aldehyde in a tributary fluid that includes fuel from the fuel tank of an automotive vehicle. Once the aldehyde is formed, the tributary fluid is combined with combustion exhaust of the vehicle to form an aldehyde/exhaust admixture. Thereafter, a second converter of the system is used to reduce NOx in the aldehyde/exhaust admixture to N2 gas and O2 gas.

Abstract: A vehicle front structure which is partitioned into an engine compartment and a passenger compartment with a dashboard. An exhaust pipe is extended from a rear part of an engine accommodated in the engine compartment to a rear part of the vehicle, beneath the passenger compartment. Between the engine and the dashboard, a steering gearbox, a harness and a plurality of pipes extending transversely of the vehicle are arranged. A heat shielding plate is interposed between the steering gearbox, harness and pipes as a group, and the exhaust pipe. The heat shielding plate blocks heat emitted from the engine and the exhaust pipe from affecting the steering gearbox, harness and pipes.