Abstract: Devices and methods for the production of ammonia as a reducing agent for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of a combustion source, especially of an internal combustion engine. The ammonia is admixed with the exhaust gas in the direction of flow in front of a SCR-catalytic converter. In so doing, nitrogen oxide is produced in a nitrogen oxide production unit separated from the combustion source and its exhaust gas duct and is stored in at least one storage catalytic converter or a nitrogen oxide storage and a subsequently connected catalytic converter. Furthermore, hydrogen and/or a hydrogen-carbon monoxide-mixture is produced in a hydrogen production unit separated from the combustion source and its exhaust gas duct and delivered to a storage catalytic converter. Hydrogen and the stored nitrogen oxide are converted catalytically to ammonia in the storage catalytic converter or in the catalytic converter.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for storing a liquid NOx reductant on a vehicle. The apparatus comprises a container for containing the liquid NOx reductant, a first heating device located in the container and adapted to heat the NOx reductant in use, and a tube that has a first end adapted to be submerged in the liquid NOx reductant in the container in use. The tube is adapted to extract liquid NOx reductant from the container and the tube includes a second heating device extending along at least a portion of the length of the tube that is located within the container.

Abstract: An assembly for cleaning blowby gases has an electric heater and a downstream catalyst positioned in series relationship in a blowby conduit leading from an engine's crankcase to the atmosphere. The heater is controlled by a controller to maintain a selected temperature at the inlet to the catalyst as determined by a temperature sensor. The heating of the blowby gases increases the blowby gas temperature to a level where the catalyst is active to oxidize the constituents of the blowby gas stream.

Abstract: A method comprising subjecting fuel to combustion while the combustion atmosphere of the fuel is oscillated periodically and alternately between rich and lean conditions, leading the exhaust gas formed to a catalytic reactor, and bringing the exhaust gas into contact with a catalyst in the catalytic reactor to conduct catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas, wherein the catalyst comprises as catalyst components: (A) an oxide catalyst component A comprising (a) ceria or (b) praseodymium oxide or (c) a mixture of oxides and/or a composite oxide of at least two elements selected from cerium, zirconium, praseodymium, neodymium, terbium, samarium, gadolinium and lanthanum; and (B) (d) a noble metal catalyst component B selected from platinum, rhodium, palladium and oxides thereof; under an oxygen concentration adjusted to the range of 0.1-1.0% at the exit of the catalytic reactor under the rich conditions.

Abstract: A fixed auger assembly (10) comprises a pair of identical auger blades (12, 14) mounted within an auger casing (16). The auger casing (16) includes two end sections, (18, 20) which are substantially identical, with the exception that one end section (20) is formed with a flared edge (38) to partially receive the other end section. The auger blades (12, 14) include a peripheral annular lip (24) which is used to affix the auger blades within the auger casing. The auger blades (12, 14) and the end sections (18, 20) are preferably assembled using a welding process.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions, systems, and methods for achieving high efficiencies of nitrogen oxide (NOx) removal from exhaust gases while minimizing ammonia slip and sulfur dioxide oxidation. In one embodiment, a method of removing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust gas comprises providing a first catalyst layer, adding an ammonia-containing compound to the exhaust gas upstream of the first catalyst layer in excess of the stoichiometric equivalent of the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, flowing the exhaust gas through the first catalyst layer, selectively catalytically decomposing ammonia in excess of the stoichiometric reaction equivalent of the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, and catalytically reducing the nitrogen oxides by reaction with ammonia not selectively catalytically decomposed.

Abstract: An exhaust mixer (16) is provided for use in an engine exhaust system (10) downstream from an additive injector (14). The mixer (16) includes eight vanes (20), with four of the vanes (20A) extending from a first side (22) of the mixer (16) and arranged in an equally spaced circumferential array around a central axis (24), and the other four of the vanes (20B) extending from an opposite side (26) of the mixer (16) and arranged opposite from the other four vanes (20A) in an equally spaced circumferential array.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are directed towards improved systems and methods for the delivery of urea to an exhaust gas treatment system. In one exemplary embodiment, a urea pump assembly for an exhaust treatment system is provided. The pump assembly includes a housing comprising: a housing chamber, a first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet, the first fluid inlet being in fluid communication with the first fluid outlet through a first conduit. The housing also comprises a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet, the second fluid inlet being in fluid communication with the second fluid outlet through a second flexible conduit. The second flexible conduit is located within a portion of the housing chamber and in thermal communication with the first conduit. The pump assembly also includes a pump located within the housing chamber, the pump being engaged with the second conduit and configured to move fluid between the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet.

Abstract: A lean NOx trap composition. The lean NOx trap composition utilizes ruthenium in place of higher cost metals such as platinum. The lean NOx trap composition provides high NOx storage efficiency and high NOx conversion efficiency when incorporated in a lean NOx trap. A method of removing harmful gases using the lean NOx trap composition is also described.

Abstract: A layered three-way conversion catalyst having the capability of simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides is disclosed. Engine exhaust treatment system and methods of using the same are also provided. In one or more embodiments, the catalyst supported on a carrier has three layers, where at least two of the layers are zoned to have an oxygen storage component being present in an upstream zone in an amount that is less than the oxygen storage component present in the downstream zone.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control device for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of supplying a just enough amount of reducing agent to a NOx catalyst, thereby reducing exhaust emission and improving fuel economy. The device includes a three-way catalyst, a NOx catalyst provided downstream of the three-way catalyst, and an ECU. The ECU carries out rich spike control such that exhaust gases flowing into the NOx catalyst form a reducing atmosphere. During the control, the ECU calculates a reducing agent consumption amount of reducing agent in the exhaust gases consumed by the three-way catalyst, calculates a cumulative reducing agent amount as a total amount of reducing agent supplied to the NOx catalyst, depending on the reducing agent consumption amount, and terminates the control when the cumulative reducing agent amount becomes larger than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A catalytic combustion apparatus is equipped with a reactor for catalytically burning a gas to be treated containing a combustible organic compound, which further comprises a condensate forming means for condensing a part of a gas after reaction in the reactor, to form a condensate, and a pH measuring means for measuring a pH of the resultant condensate. It is preferred that the catalytic combustion apparatus still further comprise a temperature adjusting means for adjusting a temperature of at least a catalyst-packed portion of the reactor based on data measured by the pH measuring means.

Abstract: Various embodiments of an apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for reducing NOx emissions on an SCR catalyst. For example, according to one representative embodiment, an apparatus for reducing NOx emissions in an engine exhaust includes a NOx reduction target module that is configured to determine a NOx reduction requirement that includes an amount of NOx in the exhaust gas stream to be reduced on a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. The apparatus also includes an ammonia target module that is configured to determine an ammonia addition requirement that includes an amount of ammonia added to the exhaust gas stream to achieve the NOx reduction requirement. The apparatus also includes a reductant target module that is configured to determine a reductant injection requirement that includes an amount of reductant added to the exhaust gas stream to achieve the ammonia addition requirement.

Abstract: An air cleaner box structured to facilitate the attaching and detaching operation of an air cleaner element While enhancing the support rigidity thereof. The air cleaner box includes a casing having a case body and the openable and closable case cover. The air cleaner element and the element holder to support the air cleaner element are contained in the casing. The element holder has an extended U-shape in cross section, and has end sections that are supported by the case body and the case cover respectively. The element holder pivots on the bottom face rear ends of the holder lower protrusions in an inclinable manner.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control device which is capable of supplying a just enough amount of reducing agent to a NOx catalyst while causing the amount of reducing agent consumed in an upstream catalyst to be reflected thereon. A NOx catalyst for trapping NOx and reducing NOx to change the same into harmless ingredients in a reducing atmosphere is disposed downstream of a catalyst. Reducing agent is supplied upstream of the catalyst to cause the NOx catalyst to perform a NOx-reducing action. The amount of oxygen occluded in the catalyst is calculated. During reduction control, according to the oxygen occlusion amount, the amount of reducing agent oxidized and consumed in the catalyst is calculated. According to the reducing agent consumption amount, the amount of reducing agent supplied to the NOx catalyst is calculated. The reduction control is terminated based on the reducing agent supply amount.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for increasing the residency time of a reducing agent in an exhaust gas cleaning system. The apparatus includes a first double-walled element in communication with a flow of exhaust having a first inner wall and a first outer wall. A second double-walled element is included having a second inner wall and a second outer wall. The second double-walled element is arranged in relation to the first double-walled element such that the second inner wall is positioned between the first inner wall and the first outer wall and the first outer wall is positioned between the second inner wall and the second outer wall. This arrangement defines a plurality of flow paths that reverses the flow of exhaust back on itself and then reverses the flow of exhaust once again.

Abstract: An exhaust redirect line in communication with an engine exhaust channel of a marine vehicle receiving exhaust gas. A blower unit in the exhaust redirect line directing the exhaust gas through the exhaust redirect line. A mixing chamber in communication with the exhaust redirect line receiving the engine exhaust gas. An injector unit in communication with the mixing chamber introducing a chemical agent, air and water into the mixing chamber to provide a treated exhaust gas. An output vane disposed on an exterior underside of a hull being in communication with the mixing chamber discharging the treated exhaust gas underneath the hull as a foam, whereby the engine exhaust gas is encapsulated and detoxified by the chemical agent in the foam to prevent the exhaust gas from entering the surrounding water and wherein the foam reduces friction between the hull and the surrounding water to improve engine efficiency.

Abstract: A NOx sensor abnormality detection device senses a NOx concentration and an O2 concentration from output signals of a NOx sensor and calculates an estimated NOx concentration from the O2 concentration when an engine is in a steady operation state, when a zero point of the NOx concentration is sensed, and when an O2 sensing section of the NOx sensor is normal. The NOx sensor abnormality detection device calculates a sensed inclination and an estimated inclination of a NOx concentration output characteristic of the NOx sensor based on the sensed NOx concentration, the sensed O2 concentration and the estimated NOx concentration calculated from the O2 concentration. The NOx sensor abnormality detection device determines that the NOx sensor is faulty when an absolute value of a difference between the sensed inclination and the estimated inclination is larger than a predetermined value.

Abstract: It is suppressed that nanoparticles generated in an internal combustion engine are discharged into the atmosphere. In a cylinder or an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine, microparticles having a particle diameter larger than that of the nanoparticles are generated, and the nanoparticles generated in the internal combustion engine are adsorbed by the microparticles, thereby increasing the diameter of the nanoparticles. The microparticles can be generated in the cylinder as the soot, for example. Additionally, by providing a carbon microparticle generation device in the exhaust system, the microparticles can be generated, too. By making the nanoparticles adsorbed by the microparticles and increasing the diameter of the nanoparticles, discharging of the nanoparticles can be suppressed.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment device and a method of conditioning the device that include a reactive compound capable of undergoing an endothermic reaction are described. A method of manufacturing the device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system for storing an ammonia precursor, comprising a tank, a filler pipe equipped With an obturator and a ventilation line establishing a direct connection between the filler pipe and a gas discharge duct and also a device designed to specifically open this connection once the obturator starts to be opened.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying method for a fuel cell vehicle comprises preparing an exhaust gas purifying system for the fuel cell vehicle, the exhaust gas purifying system including a methane removal catalyst for accelerating the conversion of methane into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The methane removal catalyst comprises a catalytic ingredient including at least one of rhodium, platinum and palladium.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and system for purification of an exhaust gas stream from a combustion engine containing hydrocarbons, soot, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide. The process comprises the steps of oxidising the hydrocarbons and part of the soot in a first reactor in the presence of a first catalyst active in oxidising hydrocarbons and soot without oxidising sulphur dioxide and forming a partly purified exhaust gas stream, of cooling of the partly purified exhaust gas stream, of converting the carbon monoxide of the partly purified exhaust gas stream in a second reactor in presence of a second catalyst active in oxidising carbon monoxide without oxidising sulphur dioxide and of withdrawing a purified exhaust gas stream.

Abstract: An electrically powered pump includes a pump arrangement that pumps a liquid, and an electric motor arrangement that has a stator and a rotor that are installed on a passage through which the liquid pumped by the pump arrangement flows. At least one of the stator and the rotor has a winding wire that generates a magnetic field when it is energized to rotate the rotor with respect to the stator to drive the pump arrangement. The winding wire has a conductive body through which an electric current passes and an insulation body that insulates the conductive body. The conductive body is made of a material predominantly composed of carbon. Thereby, the liquid pumped by a pump arrangement is prevented from corroding the winding wire.

Abstract: A method for reducing the particle and nitrogen oxide proportion in an exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine includes supplying a reducing agent to the exhaust gas flow, subjecting the exhaust gas flow containing the reducing agent to particle filtering, and then carrying out a selective catalytic reduction of at least a portion of the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas flow. The method and an exhaust gas treatment unit make it possible to simultaneously reduce the proportion of particles and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. Ammonia, in particular, is used as the reducing agent. Regeneration of the particle filter is promoted by leading an ammonia-containing flow of gas through the particle filter. The method and device make it possible to consume less fuel with the same reaction rate and, at the same time to reduce available installation space, in comparison with existing corresponding prior art systems.

Abstract: A method of operating a fuel-fired burner of an emission abatement assembly includes detecting a burner shutdown request. The method further includes adjusting an air-to-fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being supplied to the burner to a ratio greater than a stoichiometric ratio in response to the burner shutdown request. The method further includes advancing the adjusted air/fuel mixture to an electrode assembly of the burner for a predetermined amount of time in response to the burner shutdown request. The method further includes shutting down the burner after the predetermined period of time has elapsed. An associated emission abatement assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas purification unit for purifying the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine which is preferably operated in lean-burn mode, in particular a diesel engine used in motor vehicles, has a particulate filter and a SCR catalytic converter arranged in the exhaust pipe in succession in the direction of flow, and a reducing-agent supply. Ammonia can be added to the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine on the entry side of the SCR catalytic converter by the reducing-agent supply. The exhaust-gas purification unit includes a hydrogen-generating unit for enriching the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine with the hydrogen which it generates.

Abstract: A layered, three-way conversion catalyst having the capability of simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides is disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the catalyst comprises three layers in conjunction with a carrier: a first layer deposited on the carrier and comprising palladium deposited on a refractory metal oxide and an oxygen storage component; a second layer deposited on the first layer and comprising rhodium deposited on a refractory metal oxide and an oxygen storage component; and a third layer deposited on the second layer and comprising palladium deposited on a refractory metal oxide.

Abstract: An auxiliary power unit disclosed. The auxiliary power unit includes an exhaust passage configured to direct a flow of exhaust from a primary mover, a catalyst substrate disposed within the exhaust passage, and a heater configured to heat the catalyst substrate. The auxiliary power unit also includes a cooling jacket associated with the exhaust passage. The auxiliary power unit further includes a thermo-electric device disposed between the cooling jacket and the exhaust passage. The thermo-electric device is configured to generate electrical power from a temperature gradient created by the heater and the cooling jacket when the primary mover is non-operational.

Abstract: A method of making an exhaust treatment element includes washcoating a substrate with a slurry that includes a catalyst support material. At least some of the catalyst support material from the slurry may be transferred to the substrate, and silver metal (Ag) is dispersed within the catalyst support material.

Abstract: Heating device for the heating and gasification of urea or an urea solution, particularly for internal combustion engines, wherein said heating device is designed for installation in a gas line extending in a direction of flow and wherein said heating device has at least two gas-permeable heating surfaces that are spaced apart from each other in the direction of flow and that define a heating chamber. In order to create an improved heating device for stable urea gasification in an exhaust gas line that guarantees a uniform temperature distribution in the heating room as well as a quick response time, according to the invention an inlet opening is provided that discharges into the heating chamber between the at least two heating surfaces and through which the urea or urea solutions can be fed into the heating chamber.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved dual phase muffler for the abatement of reduction of sound and emission pollutants such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. More specifically, the muffler comprises a muffler casing, an inner chamber formed in the muffler, and a catalytically coated supported material contained within the inner chamber. The present invention is also directed to a catalytically coated metallic foam catalyst support, which optionally can be pre-coat with a metallic thermal arc sprayed layer.

Abstract: A system for treating exhaust gas from an engine is disclosed. The system may include a housing with a first longitudinal axis, an inlet port, and an outlet port. The housing may define a first flow path. A fluid treatment element may be arranged in the flow path. The system may also include a conduit defining a second longitudinal axis and forming a second flow path. The conduit may have first and second tubular portions generally aligned with the second longitudinal axis. The first tubular portion may have a first cross-section, and the second tubular portion may have a second cross-section. An inner diameter of the second cross-section may be less than an inner diameter of the first cross-section. The centerpoint of the first inner diameter may be offset from the centerpoint of the second inner diameter in a direction generally parallel to the first longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A layered, three-way conversion catalyst having the capability of simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides is disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the catalyst comprises three layers in conjunction with a carrier: a first layer deposited on the carrier and comprising palladium deposited on a refractory metal oxide and an oxygen storage component; a second layer deposited on the first layer and comprising rhodium deposited on a refractory metal oxide and an oxygen storage component; and a third layer deposited on the second layer and comprising palladium deposited on a refractory metal oxide.

Abstract: An exhaust gas emitted from an engine (10) that contains nitrogen oxides is supplied to the cathode of a fuel cell (20), and a hydrogen-rich gas generated by the hydrogen gas generator (30) is supplied to the anode of the fuel cell (20). In the fuel cell (20), the nitrogen oxides are decomposed and electricity are generated by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and the nitrogen oxides. A hydrogen-separation membrane fuel cell, which operates at a temperature that is substantially the same temperature as that of the exhaust gas emitted from the engine (10) is used as the fuel cell (20).

Abstract: Systems and methods of removing at least nitrogen oxides from an exhaust fluid generally include dividing a flow of an exhaust fluid comprising a concentration of nitric oxide into three types of flow-through cells. The first flow-through cell comprises a catalyst configured to reduce the nitric oxide with a reductant to form a first feedstream comprising nitrogen containing species derived therefrom. The second flow-through cell comprises a catalyst configured to oxidize nitric oxide to form a second feedstream comprising nitrogen dioxide. The third flow-through cell does not change the nitric oxide concentration and form a third feedstream comprising nitric oxide. After flowing through the three different types of cells, the feedstreams are mixed to form a homogenous mixture and then fed to a catalyst bed configured to convert the nitrogen containing species, the nitric oxide, and the nitrogen dioxide to a fluid comprising nitrogen gas and water.

Abstract: A system and method including a radially non-uniformly plugged flow-through honeycomb substrate positioned upstream of a wall-flow particulate filter for controlled thermal regeneration of the wall-flow particulate filter, the flow-through honeycomb substrate having a flow-through region including a first portion of parallel channels and a flow-control region including a second portion of parallel channels, the first portion of the parallel channels including unplugged channels and the second portion of the parallel channels including plugged channels, with the flow-control region adjusting flow distribution through the flow-through honeycomb substrate.

Abstract: Catalyst systems and methods provide benefits in reducing the content of nitrogen oxides in a gaseous stream containing nitric oxide (NO), hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and oxygen (O2). The catalyst system comprises an oxidation catalyst comprising a first metal supported on a first inorganic oxide for catalyzing the oxidation of NO to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and a reduction catalyst comprising a second metal supported on a second inorganic oxide for catalyzing the reduction of NO2 to nitrogen (N2).

Abstract: A process for treating exhaust gas from a compression ignition engine wherein substantially all fuel for combustion is injected into a combustion chamber prior to the start of combustion comprises contacting the exhaust gas with a catalyst comprising a supported palladium (Pd) catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst structure for treating exhaust gas from a lean burn internal combustion engine comprises a substrate monolith comprising a lean NOX catalyst (LNC) composition associated with at least one partial oxidation catalyst (POC), wherein the LNC composition is selected from the group consisting of: (a) silver or a silver compound supported on alumina; and (b) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and cerium (Ce) supported on at least one zeolite, and wherein the at least one POC is selected from the group consisting of: (i) a bulk oxide, a bulk composite oxide or a bulk mixed oxide comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cerium (Ce) and praseodymium (Pr); and (ii) at least one of rhodium (Rh) and palladium (Pd) disposed on at least one inorganic oxide support.

Abstract: A first aspect of the present disclosure includes a method of controlling nitric oxides emissions. The method may include producing an exhaust gas stream containing NOx and supplying the exhaust gas stream to an exhaust passage. The method may further comprise supplying ammonia to the exhaust passage at a location upstream of a first selective catalytic reduction catalyst, wherein the amount of ammonia supplied at the first location is less than about 90% of the effective amount of ammonia needed for reduction of all NOx at the first location. Further, ammonia may be supplied to the exhaust passage at a second location downstream of the first selective catalytic reduction catalyst and upstream of a second selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

Abstract: This catalyst system simultaneously removes ammonia and enhances net NOx conversion by placing an NH3—SCR catalyst formulation downstream of a lean NOx trap. By doing so, the NH3—SCR catalyst adsorbs the ammonia from the upstream lean NOx trap generated during the rich pulses. The stored ammonia then reacts with the NOx emitted from the upstream lean NOx trap—enhancing the net NOx conversion rate significantly, while depleting the stored ammonia. By combining the lean NOx trap with the NH3—SCR catalyst, the system allows for the reduction or elimination of NH3 and NOx slip, reduction in NOx spikes and thus an improved net NOx conversion during lean and rich operation.

Abstract: The inventions relates to catalysts comprising precious metals supported on La stabilized refractory metal oxides. The La is provided on the surface of the refractory metal oxide in an amount to form at least about a monolayer, preferably about 1-2 mono-layers. Preferably, the La has no crystalline structure shown by X-ray diffraction. Nd and mixtures of La and Nd can be used in place of La. In one embodiment, the catalyst is a reforming catalyst comprising an effective amount of Rh on a ZrO2 support. Preferably, the Rh is provided in a relatively low concentration, typically about 0.5% or less based on the weight of the ZrO2 support. The inventors have found that if the Rh loading is kept sufficiently low, the Rh can be maintained in the form of small particles (less than 5 nm, typically about 2 nm or less) through lean rich cycling as a consequence of an effect involving the La.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a diesel particulate filter includes elevating a temperature of a gas stream flowing into an inlet of the diesel particulate fitter to greater than or equal to 450° of the inlet of the diesel particulate filter, wherein the gas stream at the inlet of the diesel particulate fitter contains an amount of NOx of equal to or greater than 300 ppm, and an amount of O2 of equal to or greater than 5% volume, thereby burning the soot within the diesel particulate fitter. The method also includes elevating a temperature of the gas stream flowing into the inlet of the diesel particulate filter to less than or equal to 550° C. at the inlet of the diesel particulate fitter, wherein a burn rate of soot from porous watts of the diesel particulate filter is greater than or equal to 3.8 grams/liter/hour.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system for delivering a metered dose of fluid from a supply tank (28) to a downstream chamber or vessel (10), comprises a pump apparatus (20) comprising a pump plunger (32) which is operable to perform a pumping stroke under the control of an electromagnetic actuator (36), including a solenoid (36a), to effect delivery of the fluid and a control unit (24) for supplying an input signal (58) to the solenoid (36a) to initiate a current flow to the solenoid (36a) and thereby initiate movement of the pump plunger (32). An electronic device (54) provides an output signal to indicate that movement of the pump plunger has stopped at the end of the pumping stroke, and a timer determines a time difference between the input signal (58) being supplied to the solenoid (36a) and the output signal being output by the electronic device (54).

Abstract: A process for producing a body for exhaust gas treatment having a plurality of metallic layers, includes bringing the layers into contact with each other in a connection region. A connection is made by a roller seam welding process in such a way that the layers form passages through which a gas stream can flow. A corresponding body for exhaust gas treatment can especially be used as a filter or catalyst carrier body in the automobile industry.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine has two cylinders each having an exhaust port. Two exhaust conduits are connected to the two exhaust ports. A passage is provided between the two conduits to fluidly communicate the two together. An actuator moves a valve to open or close the passage depending on the engine speed.

Abstract: A lean NOX trap is a diesel exhaust aftertreatment system is selectively denitrated based on a measure relating to the state and/or the performance of the exhaust aftertreatment system, or a portion thereof comprising the lean NOX trap, reaching a critical value. The critical value is varied according to the demands currently being place on the exhaust aftertreatment system. In one embodiment, the critical value is set based on engine speed-load information. The method regenerates more frequently when exhaust aftertreatment demands are high and less frequently when demands are low. The method improves aftertreatment performance while reducing aftertreatment fuel penalty.

Abstract: In a method and system for controlling emission from a four-stroke off-road engine that is provided with an exhaust gas discharging assembly at a downstream side thereof for discharging of the exhaust gas from the off-road engine, the exhaust gas discharging assembly is provided with an oxidation catalyst for converting hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide, and the method includes the steps of injecting a fuel rich fuel-and-air mixture into the off-road engine, and injecting fresh air into the exhaust gas discharging assembly at an upstream side of the oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust gas pollution treatment device, having an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe with an exhaust path extending between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe. A gas permeable backbone member is positioned in the exhaust path and a substantially fibrous nonwoven refractory material is disposed on the backbone.