Abstract: A memory card includes a first signal terminal configured to output a first signal; a second signal terminal configured to output a second signal, the first and second signals being complementary to each other; and a controller configured to drive the first and second signal terminals to have a negative state until a link connection is performed after power is supplied to the memory card. When a level of the first signal is greater than a level of the second signal, the first and second signal terminals are in a positive state, whereas when a level of the first signal is smaller than a level of the second signal, the first and second signal terminals are in the negative state.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided including a housing, an opening formed on a side of the housing, a hole connected to the opening, a receptacle disposed inside the hole, having a structure for receiving an external connector, and comprising a plurality of pins, a memory, a processor electrically coupled to the memory, and a circuit electrically coupled to the processor and the receptacle. When the external connector is inserted into the receptacle, the circuit may receive at least one of a signal and a current through at least one of the pins, and selects one of a plurality of audio signal processing methods provided to the external connector through the receptacle based on at least one of the received signal and the current.

Abstract: An expansion module for a PLC, used in such a manner that at least one expansion module is sequentially connected to a basic unit in order to exchange massive data at high speed by using USB communication, is provided. Each of the expansion module includes a USB hub and a USB device, and is allocated with an exchange number from a USB host of the basic unit by activating the USB device according to input of a trigger signal. In addition, whether the USB hub is to be used is determined by deciding whether the expansion through the USB hub is required according to the allocated exchange number. Thus, a user needs only to arrange each of the expansion modules by a designation.

Abstract: A peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) eXtensions for instrumentation (PXIe) chassis includes a backplane, multiple peripheral slots, a mezzanine card and an integrated accelerator module. The peripheral slots are located on the backplane and configured to receive insertable PXIe peripheral modules, respectively. The mezzanine card is on the backplane and configured to accommodate at least one of connectors, integrated circuits (ICs) and signal lines incorporated in the PXIe chassis. The integrated accelerator module is on the mezzanine card within the PXIe chassis and configured to accelerate processing of signals received from the PXIe peripheral modules.

Abstract: It is inter alia disclosed to determine a type of a second apparatus being connected to a data interface of the first apparatus based on a state of an identification pin of the data interface, the data interface further comprising at least one data pin, wherein the type of the second apparatus relates to a communication via the at least one data pin, to check whether the second apparatus is configured to perform a further communication via the identification pin, and if said checking yields a positive result, to enable the further communication via the identification pin.

Abstract: A memory module, including a plurality of memory cells and a plurality of signal lines for communicating with a processing device. The memory module is configured such that following reception of a command and upon encountering a first condition while processing the command, the memory module limits a voltage on a first signal line of the plurality of signal lines to be no more than an intermediate voltage greater than voltage levels corresponding to a binary zero state and less than voltage levels corresponding to a binary one state for a period of time for indicating an occurrence of the first condition.

Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus and method for remote scoped synchronization, which is a new semantic that allows a work-item to order memory accesses with a scope instance outside of its scope hierarchy. More precisely, remote synchronization expands visibility at a particular scope to all scope-instances encompassed by that scope. Remote scoped synchronization operation allows smaller scopes to be used more frequently and defers added cost to only when larger scoped synchronization is required. This enables programmers to optimize the scope that memory operations are performed at for important communication patterns like work stealing. Executing memory operations at the optimum scope reduces both execution time and energy. In particular, remote synchronization allows a work-item to communicate with a scope that it otherwise would not be able to access. Specifically, work-items can pull valid data from and push updates to scopes that do not (hierarchically) contain them.

Abstract: A system and method for provisioning of modular compute resources within a system design are provided. In one embodiment, a node card or a system board may be used.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and computer program products implement embodiments of the present invention that include identifying, by a first computer, multiple network paths to a second computer, and splitting an input/output (I/O) request for a logical volume stored on the second computer into sub-requests. A probe request defining an association between the I/O request and the sub-requests is conveyed to the second computer, and each of the sub-requests is assigned to a respective one of the multiple network paths. Each of the sub-requests are conveyed to the second computer via the assigned respective one of the multiple network paths, and the sub-requests are received by the second computer via the multiple network paths. The second computer performs the sub-requests in response to the association, and a result of each of the sub-requests is conveyed to the first computer via the assigned respective one of the multiple network paths.

Abstract: A grounding structure is described in an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is applied to a rotary wireless access terminal, the wireless access terminal at least includes that: a structural part, as well as a main board and metal rotating shaft, which are arranged in the structural part, of the wireless access terminal, the metal rotating shaft is connected with an external interface of the wireless access terminal, wherein the grounding structure includes a metal dome and an insulating film; and one end of the metal dome is connected with the metal rotating shaft, while the other end is coupled to ground on the main board through the insulating film. A rotary wireless network card based on the above grounding structure is also described in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for generating signed addresses. One of the methods includes receiving, by a component from a device, a plurality of first requests, each first request for a physical address and including a virtual address, determining, by the component, a first physical address using the virtual address, generating a first signature for the first physical address, and providing, to the device, a response that includes the first signature, receiving, from the device, a plurality of second requests, each second request for access to a second physical address and including a second signature, determining, by the component for each of the plurality of second requests, whether the second physical address is valid using the second signature, and for each second request for which the second physical address is determined to be valid, servicing the corresponding second request.

Abstract: The USB device remote control method in a remote control system including a first device connected with a terminal through USB and a second device connected with the first device via a network includes installing, at the first device, a USB driver of the terminal, providing, at the first device, a remote terminal control module to the terminal using the USB driver, transmitting, at the second device, a control command for controlling the terminal to the first device and providing, at the first device, the control command to the terminal using the USB driver, executing, at the remote terminal control module, a command corresponding to the received control command and capturing and providing a display image showing the execution result to the first device through the USB driver, transmitting, at the first device, the display image to the second device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and/or methods for managing power distribution over a USB topology. In some embodiments, a host device is coupled to an upstream facing port device (UFP device) via a USB compliant connection, and a USB device is coupled to a downstream facing port device (DFP device) via a USB compliant connection. The UFP device and DFP device are connected via a non-USB compliant extension medium. In various embodiments, the UFP device and DFP device may be individually powered by different types of sources (such as external power sources, power distributed over the extension medium, batteries, USB bus power, and/or the like). The UFP device and DFP device cooperate to provide USB power distribution functionality throughout the USB topology despite the presence of the non-USB compliant extension medium.

Abstract: Systems and methods for mapping an iterative time-based data acquisition (DAQ) operation to an isochronous data transfer channel of a network. A time-sensitive buffer (TSB) associated with the isochronous data transfer channel of the network may be configured. A data rate clock may and a local buffer may be configured. A functional unit may be configured to initiate continuous performance of the iterative time-based DAQ operation, transfer data to the local buffer, initiate transfer of the data between the local buffer and the TSB at a configured start time, and repeat the transferring and initiating transfer in an iterative manner, thereby transferring data between the local buffer and the TSB. The TSB may be configured to communicate data over the isochronous data transfer channel of the network, thereby mapping the iterative time-based DAQ operation to the isochronous data transfer channel of the network.

Abstract: Aspects of transmit and receive connectivity devices are described. In one embodiment, a transmit connectivity device includes a first high definition multimedia interface (HDMI) port, signal processing circuitry configured to receive a media signal and to convert the media signal to a converged media signal, a multi-position multi-contact port, and a second HDMI port. The multi-position multi-contact port may include a first plurality of contacts coupled to the signal processing circuitry to transmit the converged media signal to at least one sink device, and a subset of a second plurality of contacts of the HDMI port may be coupled to the first plurality of contacts. Using the connectivity devices described herein, HDMI cables may be relied upon to communicate combinations of media signals, including full uncompressed high definition video, audio, 100BaseT Ethernet, and various control signals.

Abstract: A game device according to the present embodiment includes a camera as image pick-up means. An inner camera is accommodated in an upper housing. In addition, a microphone hole is provided in an inner surface of the upper housing so as to sense external sound through a microphone.

Abstract: A storage control device comprises storage control and memory modules coupled with each other. The memory module keeps a first Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) address. In one embodiment the memory module further keeps a firmware which the storage control module executes to invoke the first SAS address to facilitate data communication. To invoke the first SAS address, in one embodiment the storage control module fetches a bit string from the memory module. The bit string is written into a data structure that is returned to the storage control module when it is determined that the bit string is a SAS address. In one embodiment the memory module further keeps a configuration file which the storage control module invokes to operate. The configuration file comprises a second SAS address, which is not invoked by the storage control module unless the bit string is not a SAS address.

Abstract: An electronic system includes a central processing unit (CPU) expansion apparatus and a portable electronic apparatus. The CPU expansion apparatus has a first CPU connector and a first CPU. The portable electronic apparatus has a second CPU connector and a second CPU. When the first CPU connector is connected to the second CPU connector, a data transmission is implemented between the first CPU and the second CPU. A CPU expansion apparatus, portable electronic apparatus and processing method are also disclosed. With the electronic system, CPU expansion apparatus, portable electronic apparatus and processing method according to the invention, the portable electronic apparatus can be connected to an additional CPU externally and is thereby improved in efficiency of processing and computing.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods and storage medium associated with automatic SATA receiver equalization margin determination and setting, are disclosed. In embodiments, an apparatus may comprise a BIOS configured to determine, during POST, whether a device is attached to one of the SATA ports, and on determination that a device is attached to one of the SATA ports, further determine whether a receiver equalization margin has been set for the device. Additionally, the BIOS may be configured to perform a DTLE training to dynamically determine and set the receiver equalization margin for the device, on determination that a receiver equalization margin has not been set for the device. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a method may include powering on a management controller for providing out-of-band management to an information handling system using electrical energy provided by an external device via an external port, receiving a management task from the external device via the external port for coupling an external device to the management controller for communication of data between the external device and the management controller, calculating an additional amount of power required to perform the management task, instructing a controller coupled between the management controller and the external port to negotiate for the additional amount of power from the external device, and responsive to the controller successfully negotiating for the additional amount of power, performing the management task.

Abstract: Some embodiments includes an interrupt-driven data transport architecture utilizing a memory channel bus. For example, a first logic component at a first computing device can initiate a data access request involving a second logic component at a second computing device. The first logic component can store request information associated with the data access request in a predefined memory space of a memory module connected via a memory channel bus to the first logic component and the second logic component. The first logic component can then generate a request-ready interrupt signal through one or more redundant pins of the memory channel bus. The second logic component can be triggered by the interrupt signal to read the request information from the predefined memory space. The second logic component can use that information to complete the request.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to electronic devices and data transmission methods. The electronic device includes: a first part including a first main board, a first processor connected to the first main board, at least one sharable hardware component and a first connector; and a second part including a second main board, a second processor connected to the second main board and a second connector corresponding to the first connector. The first part and the second part are connectable to each other via the first connector and the second connector. The first connector is configured to receive, from a first driving module of the hardware component, a first data sent from the hardware component via a first connector driving module, and transmit the first data to the second connector such that a second connector driving module can provide the first data from the second connector to a first application running in the second part via a second driving module of the hardware component.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for implementing simultaneously connecting of multiple devices in a multi-tiered, multi-directional, enhanced tolerance system with mechanical support structures. A main system planar assembly and an elevated planar assembly share a direct connection provided by a plurality of connectors with no cables. A mechanical support bracket is attached to a top surface of the main system planar assembly positioning and supporting the elevated planar assembly spaced appropriately for accurately connecting respective connectors with respective chassis connectors. The elevated planar assembly includes a stiffening component to facilitate proper spacing between upper and lower levels of respective connectors and tool-less insertion and extraction of the elevated planar assembly.

Abstract: Methods and structure for migrating logical volumes are provided. The system includes a Redundant Array of Independent Disks controller, which includes a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express interface, a Serial Attached Small Computer System Interface port operable to communicate with another Redundant Array of Independent Disks controller, and a command unit. The command unit is able to direct the interface to access another Peripheral Component Interconnect Express interface at the other controller, to synchronize with Disk Data Format information from a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express Inbound Map of the other interface, to detect that the other controller has failed, and to utilize the Disk Data Format information to migrate a logical volume from the other controller to the controller.

Abstract: A high performance computer data storage array stores data across a plurality of disk drives. The disk drives may be solid-state drives (SSDs). The storage array may utilize the Serial Attached Small Computer Systems Interface (SAS) protocol, meaning that the disk drives may have high data throughput capabilities. Circuitry within the storage array may leverage the individual capabilities of the high-performance SAS SSDs to increase the overall performance of the storage array. The storage array can function as a network-attached system and/or as a component of a storage area network.

Abstract: A graphics system includes an integrated graphics processor and a discrete graphics processing unit. An intra-system bus coupled data from the discrete graphics processing unit to the integrated graphics processor. In a high performance mode the discrete graphics processing unit is used to render frames. Compression techniques are used to aid in the data transfer over an intra-system bus interface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a storage subsystem capable of realizing a backend network enabling SSDs arranged in a small number of rows to be shared among controllers, and capable of having a large number of HDDs loaded thereto, according to which the performance of the storage is enhanced. In a topology of the backend network, the respective controllers 102 and 152 and the enclosure expanders are respectively connected via top expanders 110 and 160, the top expanders 110 and 160 are connected via a central expander 140, expanders 119, 120 and 121 for connecting SSDs to the top expander 110 are mutually connected in parallel, expanders 169, 170 and 171 for connecting SSDs to the top expander 160 are mutually connected in parallel, expanders 122, 123 and 124 for connecting HDDs to the top expander 110 are connected in series, and expanders 172, 173 and 174 for connecting HDDs to the top expander 160 are connected in series.

Abstract: A system and method for low-cost, fault tolerant, EMI robust data communications, particularly for an EV environment.

Abstract: Embedded devices typically have an operating system, one or more file-systems, as well as a bootloader and other data components resident in flash memory. During software development and testing, there is frequently a need to selectively update a combination of such images. The described technique organizes the images in the flash memory such that one can speed up the update process by eliminating relocation of existing images. A command-driven update mechanism provides a flexible process—eg, one can upload the images back to a host, one can update the update code itself, etc. A start handshake is used that enables auto-detection of the embedded serial port that is used for the update.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention describe apparatuses, systems and method for particularly to providing alternative boot paths for computing devices. In embodiments of the invention, a non-volatile controller subsystem is powered up by default in order to allow memory operations to one or more non-volatile devices prior to PCIe/USB enumeration. Logic such as a system SPI controller receives a request to access an SPI flash device for executing a firmware image instruction; however, embodiments of the invention either do not include or do not utilize an SPI flash device. Instead of notifying an SPI flash device, the host SPI controller redirects this request to the non-volatile controller subsystem. The non-volatile controller accesses one or more non-volatile device(s) for executing the firmware image instruction. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may also support the protection of storage operations initiated from the host controller to the non-volatile device from hardware attacks.

Abstract: A method for address translation in a memory comprising a plurality of memory streaming units (MSUs), wherein n represents the number of MSUs and n is not a power of two, and wherein the memory further comprises a striped region, the method comprising determining an MSU from among the plurality of MSUs having a physical address (PA) in the striped region corresponding to a logical address (LA) comprising performing a modulo n operation on less than all the bits representing the LA; and transmitting the LA to the MSU.

Abstract: Methods and devices for transmitting SuperSpeed information between a host device and a USB device via an extension medium are provided. Link partner relationships are established between the host device and an upstream facing port device, between the USB device and a downstream facing port device, and between the upstream facing port device and the downstream facing port device. While the link partner relationship between the upstream facing port device and the downstream facing port device is substantially compliant to the USB 3.0 Specification, the link partner relationship may use a configurable link layer acknowledgement timer to compensate for delays in transmission over the extension medium.

Abstract: A supply system for supplying in a contact-free manner electrical energy and data signals to a subscriber module, including a support member, a supply bar mounted on the support member, which supply bar supports primary energy and data interfaces, and at least one bus subscriber module mounted on the support member, which bus subscriber module includes secondary energy and data interfaces arranged adjacent and spaced from the primary energy and data interfaces, respectively, whereby electrical energy and data signals supplied to the primary interfaces are transmitted in a contact-free manner to the secondary interfaces, respectively. Preferably the support member is a mounting rail having an inverted top-hat configuration, with the supply bar being mounted longitudinally in the space defined by the horizontal bottom and vertical side walls of the mounting rail.

Abstract: A universal serial bus (USB) dongle device includes a USB interface that receives selection data from a host device that indicates a selection of a first video format from a plurality of available formats. The USB interface also receives an input video signal from the host device in the first video format and a power signal from the host device. An encoding module generates a processed video signal in a second video format based on the input video signal, wherein the first video format differs from the second video format. The USB interface transfers the processed video signal to the host device.

Abstract: Provided is a PLC data log module and method for storing data in the same, wherein, in a case one or more storages among a plurality of outside storages is attached, a log data is stored in the attached outside storage, the log data is stored in the storage and check is made as to whether the log data is normally stored in the attached outside storage.

Abstract: A SAS expander including a switch core and a plurality of SAS expander phys coupled to the switch core, where at least two of the SAS expander phys are SAS expander multimode phys. In an embodiment, the SAS expander multimode phys include at least a normal operational mode and an alternate operational mode. In another embodiment, the SAS expander multimode phys also include a second alternate operational mode.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments include a socket interposer having a plurality of connectors configured to attach to a server board, the server board including: a first processor socket having a processor form factor, and a first memory associated with the first processor socket, a processor inserted into the at least first processor socket, the processor having access to the first memory, and a second processor socket having the processor form factor, and a second memory associated with the second processor socket, wherein the plurality of connectors are configured to fit the processor form factor; and a multi-modal I/O interface having a first mode and a second mode, wherein in the first mode provides processor-to-processor communication, and the second mode provides the first processor with accessibility to the second memory associated with the second processor socket.

Abstract: An energy profiling apparatus for profiling power consumption characteristics of code being executed at an integrated circuit being powered by a power source and having a measurement module, a data processing module and a display module is disclosed. The energy profiling apparatus comprises first, second and third interfaces as well as a profile module. The first interface is configured to receive a first data set from the measurement module. The second interface is configured to receive a second data set from the data processing module. The third interface is configured to transmit a third data set to the display module. The profile module is configured to generate an energy profile of the code executed at the data processing module based on a correlation between the first data set and the second data set. Furthermore, the profile module is configured to transmit the energy profile as part of the third data set to the display module.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and processor-readable media are disclosed for detecting multiple expanders in a SAS topology having the same address. A root expander can be connected to a plurality of expanders, wherein one or more expanders among the plurality of expanders possesses a same SAS address as the root expander. The same SAS address can be identified and stored in a route table against a physical layer identifier through which the expander(s) communicate with the root expander in order to assist in identifying duplicate expanders in the SAS topology.

Abstract: A serial attached SCSI (SAS) system may include a host bus adaptor, a bus expander, and a multi-layer data transmission medium coupled between the host bus adaptor and the bus expander. The multi-layer data transmission medium may include a first microstrip structure located at a top surface portion of the multi-layer data transmission medium and a first stripline structure located within a first internal portion of the multi-layer data transmission medium. The microstrip structure provides, among other things, a repeaterless high-speed serial communications link between the host bus adaptor and the bus expander.

Abstract: An integrated circuit that communicates with a host device via audio channels includes an interfacing circuit that receives and transmits analog signals on the audio channels. Such audio channels are designed for audio speakers and microphones and the interfacing circuit transmits digital data based on the received analog signals. The integrated circuit includes a processing device that is electrically coupled to the interfacing circuit. The processing device receives the digital data from the interfacing circuit and adjusts at least one parameter of the interfacing circuit based on the received digital data. The interfacing circuit receives the digital data from the processing device and transmits analog signals on at least one of the audio channels based on the at least one adjusted parameter.

Abstract: A method including intercepting a OFR for a file issued by an application to a FS, forwarding the OFR to the FS, receiving from the FS a FD for the file, issuing a SR for the file to the FS. The further method includes receiving from the FS status information for a target device on which the file is located, where the status information includes an OID for the file, storing a mapping of FD to the OID, intercepting a first FOR for the file, making a determination the that the first FOR is one of a read request and a write request, based on the determination, making another determination that the target device supports the direct I/O protocol, and issuing a DI request to the target device using the OID for the file, where the DI request is not processed by the FS.

Abstract: A system for enhancing universal serial bus (USB) applications comprises an upstream processor, a downstream processor and a main controller. The upstream processor accepts standard USB signals from a USB host and independently provides responses required by USB specification within the required time frame. The upstream processor also contains storage for descriptors for a device associated with this upstream processor. The main controller obtains the descriptors by commanding the downstream processor, and passes them to the upstream processor. The downstream processor connectable to USB-compliant devices accepts the USB signals from the USB-compliant devices and provides responses required by USB specification within the required time frame. The main controller interconnects the upstream and downstream processors, and provides timing independence between upstream and downstream timing. The main controller also commands the downstream processor to obtain device descriptors independent of the USB host.

Abstract: According to one aspect, a backplane controller of a storage backplane is disclosed, the storage backplane having a plurality of drive slots configured to operatively connect to a corresponding plurality of mass storage devices. In one embodiment, the backplane controller is operative to perform functions that include detecting activity status on a first serial interface that is configured to operatively connect one or more sets of a plurality of drive slots on the storage backplane to a host bus adapter (HBA), according to a first drive slot assignment. The backplane controller is further operative to detect an activity status on a second serial interface that is configured to operatively connect one or more sets of a plurality of drive slots on the storage backplane to the HBA, according to a second drive slot assignment.

Abstract: A computing device and method for hot swapping media are provided. The computing device comprises: a swap media socket; a power supply for powering the swap media socket; a swap media detect apparatus enabled to undergo a state change when swap media removal occurs at the swap media socket; a switch in communication with the swap media detect apparatus, the switch enabled to disconnect the power supply from the swap media socket in response to the state change; and a processor in communication with the swap media detect apparatus, the processor enabled to turn off the power supply in response to the state change.

Abstract: Provided is a universal serial bus (USB) memory including a non-insertion type connector that comes into non-insertion contact with a non-insertion type port of an electronic device using magnetism and enables data transmission/reception with the electronic device, wherein the non-insertion type connector includes: a magnetic coupling member that is formed on a contact surface of a body and comes into surface contact with a magnetic coupling member formed on a contact surface of the non-insertion type port using magnetism; and a contact terminal that is formed on the contact surface and comes into non-insertion contact with the contact terminal when the magnetic coupling members are coupled to each other using magnetism, thereby enabling reciprocal power supply and data transmission.

Abstract: An expansion module is configured to provide expansion functions to a mobile electronic device. The expansion module includes a cloud device and at least one first expansion device. The cloud device includes a first expansion bus interface and a network interface. The first expansion device is coupled to the cloud device in a daisy-chain manner, wherein each of the first expansion device includes at least one first peripheral device. The cloud device is coupled to the mobile electronic device through the first expansion bus interface or the network interface, and provides the first peripheral device to the mobile electronic device for use.

Abstract: An intelligent serial interface circuit in accordance with one embodiment of the invention can include a first communication interface circuit for enabling a first communication protocol. The intelligent serial interface circuit can also include a second communication interface circuit for enabling a second communication protocol. Furthermore, the intelligent serial interface circuit can include a detector circuit coupled to the first communication interface circuit and the second communication interface circuit. The detector circuit can be for automatically detecting a factor that indicates automatically enabling the first communication interface circuit and automatically disabling the second communication interface circuit. The detector circuit can be for detecting a coupling of a pin of the first communication interface circuit that is not used by the second communication interface circuit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to server systems and methods thereof. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention provides a memory controller within a server system, where the memory controller is disengageably connected to one or more processors, a plurality of volatile memory modules, and plurality of solid-state memory modules. This memory controller may be connected to other similarly configured memory controllers. The volatile and solid-state memory modules can be removed and/or replaced. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: For optimizing redundant high availability serial attached SCSI storage (SAS) topology by providing multiple paths to a same SAS target through a single SAS port on a base unit in a computing environment, the SAS port of a raid controller is attached to one of a multiplicity of just a bunch of disks (JBOD) expansion units having SAS expanders using an SAS cable for providing limited hardware footprint. Load balancing is provided between the base unit and each of the SAS expanders by converting the single SAS port into both dual and redundant paths using the SAS cable.