Abstract: A method and apparatus may be used for supporting multiple hybrid automatic repeat request (H-ARQ) processes per transmission time interval (TTI). A transmitter and a receiver may include a plurality of H-ARQ processes. Each H-ARQ process may transmit and receive one TB per TTI. The transmitter may generate a plurality of TBs and assign each TB to a H-ARQ process. The transmitter may send control information for each TB, which may include H-ARQ information associated TBs with the TBs. The transmitter may send the TBs using the associated H-ARQ processes simultaneously per TTI. After receiving the TBs, the receiver may send feedback for each of the H-ARQ processes and associated TBs indicating successful or unsuccessful receipt of each of the TBs to the transmitter. The feedback for multiple TBs may be combined for the simultaneously transmitted H-ARQ processes, (i.e., TBs). When MIMO is implemented, one H-ARQ process may be associated with one MIMO stream, or codeword.

Abstract: Systems, methods and articles of manufacture for retransmission of data in streaming protocols are described herein. Embodiments enable efficient retransmission of dropped packet data in guaranteed delivery or request-response data transfer protocols such as TCP. In particular, embodiments provide efficient retransmission of dropped packet data based on the short and/or long term historical reliability of the underlying client connection. An embodiment includes maintaining, for one or more clients in a client-server architecture, data representing connection characteristics for one or more client-server connections. Based on collected short-term and long-term client connection characteristics, an efficient data packet retransmission scheme is determined to optimize use of the connection for retransmitting dropped packet data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are used in cooperative relays with incremental redundancy (IR) and distributed spatial multiplexing. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may listen to the base station (BS) transmission during Phase 1 of the communication, and use cooperation between a relay station (RS) and the BS for the data transmission during Phase 2 to improve performance. During Phase 2, both the BS and the RS may transmit data to the WTRU, using either distributed Space Time Block Codes/Space Frequency Block Codes (STBC/SFBC) or distributed spatial multiplexing.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a method of communicating data between a transmitter and a receiver of a communication system. In this method, a payload data stream is received from a network interface layer. The payload data stream includes data units eligible for retransmission and data units non-eligible for retransmission. These data units are grouped into containers, where a container is associated with a container identifier that distinguishes the container from other containers. The containers are grouped into data transmission units, where a data transmission unit includes at least one container along with redundancy information that facilitates error detection for that data transmission unit. The data transmission units are transmitted to the receiver as a transmission data stream. Other methods and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus reducing overhead usage associated with communications is provided. The method may comprise generating an acknowledgment (ACK) for a successfully received codeword from a group of codewords or a negative acknowledgement (NACK) for a codeword unsuccessfully received from the group of codewords, and populating a response information matrix with a plurality of response information elements, wherein the response information elements are determined as a function of the generated acknowledgement or negative acknowledgements.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of estimating a motor rotation angle that does not affect precision of a detected angle of a crank angle sensor, which is an alternative sensor, when abnormality occurs in a resolver and a peripheral circuit, and performing a motor control without failure of an inverter or peripheral device. A vehicle system includes a motor, a resolver detecting a rotor rotation angle of the motor, a motor control circuit controlling the motor based on information on rotor rotation angle and torque command value, an engine connected to the motor through a crankshaft, and a crankshaft sensor detecting revolutions of the crankshaft, in which the motor control circuit estimates rotor rotation angle based on a variation rate of the number of revolutions of the crankshaft when abnormality of the resolver is detected, and performs a weak field control based on estimated rotor rotation angle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in a first communication device of receiving control information over a radio channel from a second communication device. The first communication device receives a subframe over the radio channel, and determines whether the subframe is a downlink subframe with downlink assignment intended for the first communication device by reading data in the subframe. That being the case, the first communication device decodes data within the subframe, and determines whether any data packet being sent from the second communication device before the subframe has been missed by analyzing an indicator associated to the subframe in the data. The indicator provides knowledge about previous downlink subframes with downlink assignment intended for the first communication device.

Abstract: The invention provides a scheduling of data blocks on multiple data carriers and a selection of data carrier to listen to. A transmitting unit simultaneously transmits, during a communication session with at least one participating receiving unit, at least a first data block on a first data carrier and a second data block on a second data carrier. The receiving unit selects which of these data carriers to listen to, i.e. whether to receive the first or second data block, based on a reception quality of a previously received data block. Furthermore, at least one of the first and second data block is based on information common to the data block and the previous data block, e.g. the first or second data block could be re-transmitted version of the previous block.

Abstract: Provided are a MIMO transmission device and a MIMO transmission method which can improve reception quality of a response signal. A terminal (100) as the MIMO transmission device maps a first and a second element of the ACK/NACK signal vector formed from ACK/NACK signals onto a first and a second stream, respectively, and transmits the elements contained in a 2SC-FDMA symbol in a single slot. In the terminal (100), a response signal vector formation unit (140) forms [a·Sack, 0] as the ACK/NACK signal vector in a first SC-FDMA symbol and [0, a·Sack] as an ACK/NACK signal vector in a second SC-FDMA symbol. A precoding unit (165) uses a unitary matrix to precode the ACK/NACK signal vector formed in the response signal vector formation unit (140).

Abstract: In a transmission apparatus for transmitting periodical data transmitted at predetermined intervals and event data transmitted in response to occurrence of an event, an information generation unit generates identification information for a receiving apparatus to identify transmitted event data, and a control unit includes the generated identification information in the periodical data in response to generation of identification information by the identification information generation unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for transmitting and receiving data in a wireless communication system. The method of transmitting data in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention supports time division duplex (TDD), and a base station transmits data to a terminal through a first sub-frame of a first frame and receives a confirmatory response to the data through a second sub-frame of a second frame. The second frame is determined according to hybrid automatic retransmit request (HARQ) processing latency which is the minimal required time from the reception of the data to the transmission of the confirmatory response by the first frame and the terminal. The second sub-frame is determined according to both the first sub-frame and the numbers of the downlink and uplink sub-frames of the first frame, wherein the downlink and uplink sub-frames are respectively used in the HARQ operation.

Abstract: Methods and systems associated with re-transferring data that was unsuccessfully transmitted to a host are described. According to one embodiment method includes receiving a first command to transfer data to a host, wherein the data is arranged in blocks. The data is transferred to the host. When an unsuccessful status is received from the host indicating a transmission error occurred for the first command, a block being transferred when the transmission error occurred is identified. The data in the identified block is re-transferred to the host without re-transferring successfully transferred blocks.

Abstract: The present invention provides a scalable and reliable feedback suppression method for receiving and transmitting data block. The method comprises receiving at least one initial data packet of the data block which is sent by the transmitter to the multicast group of receivers; and sending at least one NAK packet indicating packet loss to the transmitter by at least one receiver of the multicast group, wherein the at least one NAK packet is sent in a single uplink time slot dedicated to said multicast group of receivers, and wherein the NAK packet is identical for all receivers of said multicast group.

Abstract: A method is provided for reuse of one of a plurality of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) Process ID. The method includes receiving signaling used to associate at least one of the plurality of HARQ Process IDs with semi-persistent scheduling. The method further includes determining an activation of a semi-persistent resource. The method further includes receiving a non-semi-persistent data communication utilizing the at least one of a plurality of HARQ Process IDs.

Abstract: Provided is a method of performing hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) of a receiver in a wireless communication system. The method includes: receiving data in a transmission time interval (TTI) unit consisting of a plurality of consecutive subframes; and transmitting acknowledgment (ACK)/non-acknowledgment (NACK) for the received data, wherein the data is received using a plurality of redundancy versions respectively allocated to the plurality of subframes, and the ACK/NACK is transmitted with an interval of a predetermined processing delay from a transmission time of a specific redundancy version among the plurality of redundancy versions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamic acknowledgement repetition for a downlink medium access control packet data unit transmission ‘MAC PDU’ requiring multiple acknowledgements, the method having the steps of: receiving the downlink MAC PDU requiring multiple acknowledgements; and utilizing a differentiating factor and acknowledgement scheme, sending the multiple acknowledgements.

Abstract: A new-part acquiring unit acquires a part of a block generated by a block generating unit, as a new part to be contained in a packet. A retransmission-part acquiring unit acquires a part of a block corresponding to a NAK as a retransmission part to be contained in a packet among blocks held in a retransmission buffer unit. An encoding unit groups a new part acquired by the new-part acquiring unit and a retransmission part acquired by the retransmission-part acquiring unit, and generates a packet. A modulating unit modulates a packet output from the encoding unit. A wireless processing unit performs a predetermined wireless transmission process to a modulated packet, and transmits a processed modulated packet via an antenna.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed towards a remote access architecture for providing peer-to-peer communications and remote access connectivity. In one embodiment, the remote access architecture of the present provides a method for establishing a direct connection between peer computing devices via a third computing device, such as a gateway.

Abstract: Provided is a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS); and, more particularly, a data transmission/receiving method in a multimedia broadcast multicast service system, and an apparatus thereof. The data transmitting method in the MBMS system includes the step of checking a terminal receiving data provided from the MBMS and the step of determining whether there is error report feedback on retransmission of the data according to the number of the detected terminals.

Abstract: This invention proposes an automatic retransmission controller and a retransmission block recombination apparatus, of which the automatic retransmission controller comprises a responsive reception unit that receives the information fed back from the receiver; a retransmission judging unit that determines coded data blocks to be retransmitted according to the information received by the responsive reception unit; and a data acquisition unit that acquires a part of data in each of the coded data blocks to be retransmitted judged by the retransmission judging unit for recombination to form a retransmission coded block, when the number of the coded data blocks to be transmitted is more than one.

Abstract: A processor including: a first storage unit that stores data; an error detection unit that detects an occurrence of error in data read out from the first storage unit; a second storage unit that stores data read out from the first storage unit based on a load request; a rerun request generation unit that generates a rerun request of a load request to the first storage unit in the same cycle as the cycle in which error of data is detected when the error detection unit detects the occurrence of error in data read out from the first storage unit by the load request; and an instruction execution unit that retransmits the load request to the first storage unit when data in which error is detected and a rerun request are given.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data using HARQ includes transmitting a first block, a partial bit stream of a codeword, and transmitting a second block, a bit stream starting from a bit index next to the last bit index of the first block, according to a retransmission request with respect to the codeword, wherein a different modulation scheme from that of the first block is applied to the second block. A coding gain of an incremental redundancy (IR) mode can be obtained although the amount of retransmission data is arbitrarily changed according to a change in transmission attributes such as a modulation scheme, resource allocation, the size of a transport block, or the like, in the adaptive HARQ scheme, so the transmission efficiency of a system can be enhanced.

Abstract: A method for HARQ process allocation for DL SPS transmission between a base station and an UE, and a system thereof are disclosed. The method and system according to the present application achieve HARQ process allocation for DL SPS transmission, while improving the DS transmission chance and reducing the ambiguity between different SPS transmissions and between SPS transmission and DS transmission.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be used for supporting multiple hybrid automatic repeat request (H-ARQ) processes per transmission time interval (TTI). A transmitter and a receiver may include a plurality of H-ARQ processes. Each H-ARQ process may transmit and receive one TB per TTI. The transmitter may generate a plurality of TBs and assign each TB to a H-ARQ process. The transmitter may send control information for each TB, which may include H-ARQ information associated TBs with the TBs. The transmitter may send the TBs using the associated H-ARQ processes simultaneously per TTI. After receiving the TBs, the receiver may send feedback for each of the H-ARQ processes and associated TBs indicating successful or unsuccessful receipt of each of the TBs to the transmitter. The feedback for multiple TBs may be combined for the simultaneously transmitted H-ARQ processes, (i.e., TBs). When MIMO is implemented, one H-ARQ process may be associated with one MIMO stream, or codeword.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein address the need in the art for enhanced block acknowledgement. In one embodiment, a receiver indicates a decoding delay for a maximum size aggregate frame in Block Ack negotiation, which may be used by a transmitter to determine to which Block Ack Request a Block Acknowledgement is responsive. In another embodiment, a Transmission Sequence Number (TSN) may be included in a Block Ack Request. The receiver includes the TSN in the corresponding Block Ack response. This allows the transmitter to determine which frames are “in transit.” The TSN may be used to identify blocks. In another embodiment, a TSN may be associated with one or more transmitted frames. While, the TSN is not transmitted with the Block Ack Request, the transmitter may determine which TSN corresponds with a Block Ack response in accordance with acknowledgements contained therein. Combinations of these techniques may be deployed. Various other aspects are also presented.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for indicating a temporary block flow (TBF) to which a piggybacked acknowledgement/non-acknowledgement (PAN) field is addressed are disclosed. A sequence may be generated from a temporary flow identity (TFI) to which the PAN field is addressed and masked with a PAN check sequence (PCS). A radio block including a PAN field and a masked PCS is transmitted. The PCS may be masked with one of TFIs which is selected in accordance with a rule pre-agreed. A secondary identifier may indicate a TBF to which the PAN field is addressed. A special value may be used to represent all TBFs assigned and a secondary identifier may indicate a TBF to which the PAN field is addressed. A special value on the PAN field may be used for control purposes for indicating an action affecting a group of receiving stations listening to the radio block.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present disclosure propose techniques for improving automatic repeat request (ARQ) feedback messages to reduce unnecessary transmissions by notifying the transmitter of the last acknowledged block in the ARQ feedback message.

Abstract: New methods and devices for implementing an ARQ mechanism over a multi-hop connection (sender-relay-receiver) are proposed. A communication protocol is described in accordance with which data units are arranged in a sequence and each sent data unit is identifiable by a sequence position identifier. The sender implements a sending peer, the relay a relay peer and the receiver a receiving peer. Feedback messages are exchanged, which using said sequence position identifiers, carry information on a receipt of sent data units. The communication protocol provides for at least a first type and a second type of receipt information, the first type (RACK) of receipt information being indicative of a correct receipt of a data unit at a relay peer of said communication protocol, and the second type (ACK) of receipt information being indicative of a correct receipt of a data unit at a final destination peer of said communication protocol.

Abstract: Different transmissions based on different content blocks which were segmented from the same digital content according to different segmentation schemes, where each of the content blocks has any substring in common with at least one of the other content blocks, are received by a receiving radio communication station, for example a mobile telephone or a mobile network base station. Certain encoded received bits derived from different ones of the transmissions are combined into combined bits. Other encoded received bits derived from one or more of the different transmissions are provided together with the combined bits to a decoder.

Abstract: Error correcting codes (ECCs) have been proposed to be used in high frequency memory devices to detect errors in signals transmitted between a memory controller and a memory device. For high frequency memory devices, ECCs have delay characteristics of greater than one clock cycle. When the delay exceeds one clock cycle but is much less than two clock cycles, an entire second clock cycle must be added. By calculating and comparing the ECC value in a static logic circuit and a dynamic logic circuit, the logic delay is substantially reduced. In addition, the ECC value may be calculated and compared using two sets of static logic gates, where the second static logic gate is clocked by a clock signal that is delayed relative to the clock signal of the first set of logic gates.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of transmitting ACK/NACK (acknowledgement/negative ACK) information in downlink and an apparatus and method of receiving the ACK/NACK information are disclosed. The present invention configures ACK/NACK information on multiple UL codeword transmission using a PHICH and at least one NDI, whereby the ACK/NACK information on the multiple UL codeword transmission is transmitted to a user equipment without additional PHICH resource allocation. The present invention extends the conventional HI codeword and/or arranged position on a signal constellation, thereby transmitting ACK/NACK information on multiple UL codeword transmission to a user equipment without additional PHICH resource allocation.

Abstract: A transmitting unit divides a transmit data into a plurality of code blocks, and encodes each of the plurality of code blocks to generate a transmission signal. The transmitting unit transmits the transmission signal, and a receiving unit receives the transmission signal as a reception signal. The receiving unit receives performs an iterative decoding to each of the plurality of code blocks of the reception signal. The iterative decoding is terminated to a first code block group in which an error has not been detected before a first setting iteration count. The receiving unit, when being an error in the reception signal, transmits a retransmission request feedback data which contains a NACK data and a data indicating the first code block group to the transmitting unit. First resources are assigned for each of the plurality of code blocks of the transmission signal.

Abstract: Data retransmission apparatus and method in a wireless relay communication system are provided. It is checked whether an Acknowledgement (ACK) message or a Negative ACK (NACK) message for data is received from a Relay Station (RS), which receives the data from a Mobile Station (MS). Scheduling information for transmitting the data is transmitted to the RS, when the ACK message is received from the RS. Errors are checked for in of the data, when the data is received from the RS. The RS is requested to retransmit the data, when the data has an error. Accordingly, since the RS retransmits only the error-free data to the BS, the BS can enhance the data reliability.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for transmitting data using a CTC (Convolutional Turbo Code) encoder in a mobile communication system. The data transmission method according to the present invention includes: a first encoding step of encoding input data bits inputted through two input terminals of the CTC encoder and outputting first encoding bits; a step of interleaving the input data bits by using four CTC interleaver parameters (P0, P1, P2, and P3) corresponding to the sizes of the input data bits; a second encoding step of encoding the interleaved data bits and outputting second encoding bits; and a step of selectively transmitting the input data bits, the first encoding bits, and the second encoding bits to a receiving side in accordance with a predetermined coding rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a status report transmission of the PDCP layer for a PDCP status report which can reduce radio resources, by transmitting the reception success or failure of a series of PDCP SDUs in the form of a bitmap when configuring the PDCP status report for reporting a reception status of the PDCP SDU to another party in the PDCP layer in the LTE system.

Abstract: A communication method in a receiving node in a wireless communication system includes receiving, at a receiving node, a first coded message block that includes a plurality of parts distributed over a plurality of components. The method further includes detecting a decoding error associated with decoding the received first coded message block and, in response to detecting the decoding error, identifying a part of the first coded message block for which retransmission will be requested and a suggested retransmission setting. The suggested retransmission setting includes one or more of a component selection setting, a link adaptation setting, a power control setting, and a scheduling setting. The method also includes feeding back to the sending node feedback information indicating that the first coded message block could not be correctly decoded. The feedback information indicates the identified part of the first coded message block and the suggested retransmission settings.

Abstract: A method tests peripheral component interconnect express (PCI-E) switches. A second PCI-E switch to be tested electronically connects to a first PCI-E switch of a computing device. A first data packet is created by the computing device and sent from the first PCI-E switch to the second PCI-E switch. A second data packet sent back by the second PCI-E switch is received by the computing device. The second PCI-E switch works normally if the first data packet is identical to the second data packet. The second PCI-E switch does not work normally if the first data packet is not identical to the second data packet.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus including a receiving unit for receiving transmitted packets; a priority decision unit; a retransmission packet storage unit; a retransmission instruction receiving unit for receiving a retransmission request from a terminal at the receiving end; a retransmission decision unit; a transmission queue management unit; and a transmission unit.

Abstract: Provided are a MIMO transmission device and a MIMO transmission method which can improve reception quality of a response signal. A terminal (100) as the MIMO transmission device maps a first and a second element of the ACK/NACK signal vector formed from ACK/NACK signals onto a first and a second stream, respectively, and transmits the elements contained in a 2SC-FDMA symbol in a single slot. In the terminal (100), a response signal vector formation unit (140) forms [aSack, O] as the ACK/NACK signal vector in a first SC-FDMA symbol and [O, aSack] as an ACK/NACK signal vector in a second SC-FDMA symbol. A precoding unit (165) uses a unitary matrix to precode the ACK/NACK signal vector formed in the response signal vector formation unit (140).

Abstract: A decoder that includes a receiving unit that receives a packet containing a new part corresponding to an information bit not yet received and a retransmission part corresponding to an information bit received in past; a combining unit that combines a part of a previously received packet corresponding to the retransmission part with the packet received by the receiving unit; and a new-part decoding unit that decodes the combined packet combined and obtained by the combining unit, and obtains a decoded result of the new part.

Abstract: A wireless networking method includes providing a plurality of different sets of wireless links and a plurality of wireless nodes. The nodes are in mutual bi-directional wireless communication via the wireless links. Each of the links enables the communication between a respective pair of the nodes. Information is transmitted to a selected one of the nodes from each of other ones of the nodes via a first of the sets of the wireless links. The step of transmitting information to the selected one of the nodes from each of other ones of the nodes is repeated via each of other ones of the sets of the wireless links, respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for generating an Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) feedback message in a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes generating first feedback information of at least one ARQ block, determining whether any ARQ blocks include at least one successfully received ARQ sub-block, when the at least one erroneous ARQ block includes at least one successfully received ARQ sub-block, adding second feedback information of the ARQ sub-blocks to the first feedback information of the ARQ blocks using a field indicating whether the second feedback information is added and a field indicating the erroneous ARQ blocks including the at least one successfully received ARQ sub-block, and sending the first feedback information with the second feedback information added, to the transmitting stage.

Abstract: Packets of real-time information are sent with a source rate greater than zero kilobits per second, and a time or path or combined time/path diversity rate initially being zero kilobits per second. This results in a quality of service QoS, optionally measured at the sender or the receiver. When the QoS is on an unacceptable side of a threshold of acceptability, the sender sends diversity packets at an increased rate. Increasing the diversity rate while either reducing or maintaining the overall transmission rate is new. CELP-based multiple-description data partitioning sends the base or important information plus a subset of fixed excitation in one packet and sends the base or important information plus the complementary subset of fixed excitation in another packet. Reconstruction produces acceptable quality when only one of the two packets is received and better quality when both packets are received. Reconstruction provides for single and multiple lost packets.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one or more embodiments, a data packet comprising a first number of bits encoded over a first number of symbols is transmitted to a receiver. If the receiver did not successfully decode the data packet, a negative acknowledgment message is received along with metric information for the transmission. The data packet encoded with a varying number of symbols and transmitted to the receiver, wherein the varying number of symbols is a function of the metric information for the first transmission.

Abstract: A controller includes a link interface that is to couple to a first link to communicate bi-directional data and a second link to transmit unidirectional error-detection information. An encoder is to dynamically add first error-detection information to at least a portion of write data. A transmitter, coupled to the link interface, is to transmit the write data. A delay element is coupled to an output from the encoder. A receiver, coupled to the link interface, is to receive second error-detection information corresponding to at least the portion of the write data. Error-detection logic is coupled to an output from the delay element and an output from the receiver. The error-detection logic is to determine errors in at least the portion of the write data by comparing the first error-detection information and the second error-detection information, and, if an error is detected, is to assert an error condition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method (MET1) for transmitting data from a first network node (BS) of a radio access network of a radio communication system to a second network node (MS) of the radio access network, and wherein the method (MET1) comprises the steps of transmitting (M1/6) a first negative acknowledgement (N1) from the second network node (MS), if the second network node (MS) cannot recover error free first data (D1), the first data (D1) being data from a single data source of the radio access network or for a single data sink of the radio access network, determining (M1/11) a combination (COMB1) of the first data (D1) and of at least second data (D2) by applying a superposition of the first data (D1) and the at least second data (D2), the at least second data (D2) being further data from the single data source or for the single data sink, and transmitting (M1/18) the combination (COMB1) to the second network node (MS).

Abstract: An encoder receives an input bit stream and generates, based on the input bit stream, a first output bit stream based on at least a first polynomial and a second output bit stream based on at least a second polynomial. The first and second polynomials are each different from each other. The encoder forms a first packet of code symbols, having a first code rate, based on bits from the first output bit stream. A transmitter transmits the first packet. A receiver receives a first negative acknowledgment indicating unsuccessful decoding of the first packet after transmitting of the first packet. The encoder punctures bits from the second output bit stream and forms a second packet of code symbols having a second code rate. The second code rate is different from the first code rate. The transmitter transmits the second packet in response to the receiver receiving the first negative acknowledgment.

Abstract: A method for receiving a multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) is provided. The method for receiving a broadcast or multicast service includes: attempting receiving of data via a channel for the broadcast or multicast service; transmitting a negative acknowledgement to a base station if the data is not received via the channel; and receiving the data.

Abstract: A method for transmitting management message by a transmitting device in a communication network includes receiving a management message that is to be transmitted in the communication network. The transmitting device determines whether a feedback is required for the management message when the management message is transmitted in the communication network. The transmitting device also includes a feedback request information in a Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU) including a last fragment of the management message. The management message can be transmitted in one or more MAC PDUs and can be divided into one or more fragments. The transmitting device also transmits the MAC PDU indicating the feedback request information.

Abstract: An encoder/decoder system usable to decrease the probability of a failed transmission over a lossy wireless network. In one embodiment, data packets unsuccessfully sent over the wireless network may be retransmitted a particular number of times, depending on how important the data in the lost packet is. In another embodiment, when a number of transmission failures is determined to exceed a predetermined threshold, it may be signaled that multiple reference frames should be used for encoding predictions.