Abstract: Photoconductive materials are prepared from a dicarbazolyl compound and a Lewis acid. The materials are charge transfer complexes, with the dicarbazolyl compound, such as 1, 2-dicarbazolyl cyclobutane acting as an electron donor and the Lewis acid, such as 2, 4, 7-trinitro-9-fluorenone acting as an electron acceptor. The molar ratio of the donor to the acceptor can be in the range from 1:0.5 to 1:5.

Abstract: Material from a layer of migration material spaced apart from at least one surface of, but contacting a softenable layer is caused to imagewise selectively migrate to at least locations in depth in the softenable layer, by (A) subjecting said migration material to an imagewise migration force and changing the resistance of said softenable layer, to migration of migration material or by (B) subjecting said migration material to a migration force and imagewise changing the resistance of said softenable layer to migration of migration material.

Abstract: An aggregate or heterogeneous multiphase photoconductive composition containing a continuous polymer phase and at least one discontinuous phase dispersed in said continuous phase, said discontinuous phase comprising a co-crystalline complex of (i) at least one polymer having an alkylidene diarylene group in a recurring unit (ii) at least one pyrylium type dye salt having a non-light absorbing anion, and (iii) at least one pyrylium type dye salt having a colored organic or organo-metallic anion of a strong acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophotographic recording material consisting of an electroconductive support material and a photoconductive double layer of organic materials which consists of a homogeneous, opaque, charge carrier producing dyestuff layer and of a transparent top layer of insulating materials with at least one charge transporting compound as well as to the process for its manufacture.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel imaging imaging comprising photochromic compounds of the formula: ##SPC1##Wherein X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and selenium; and wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are individually selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. The photochromic compounds are responsive to light in the visible and ultraviolet region of the spectrum.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the manufacture of a series of photoconductor webs spaced apart from each other on a carrier web by electrically conductive spacing strips extending transversely of the carrier web, comprising (a) transporting a carrier web having an electrically conductive surface disposed thereon in a feed direction across a backing member and in close proximity to a slot die arranged transversely to the feed direction; (b) pumping a photoconductive coating solution into the slot die; (c) flowing the photoconductive solution intermittently from the slot die orifice onto the carrier web for periods of time sufficient to produce the spaced photoconductor webs, the flow of the coating solution being substantially uniform during each coating period and the entire quantity of coating solution required for each coating photoconductor web being extruded from the slot die orifice in the form of a substantially uniform stream; (d) maintaining the distance between the carrier web and the die orifice constan

Abstract: Electrophotographic recording material composed of a layer of selenium, selenium alloys, or selenium compounds, with arsenic as a additive, disposed on a conductive carrier is given improved properties by forming the layer to have a total arsenic content of 1 to 20%, by weight, and a concentration gradient such that the arsenic concentration decreases from the exposed surface of the layer in the direction toward the carrier and has a concentration of at least 13% at the exposed surface of the layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive device for use in electrostatographic copying. The device comprises:A. an endless, arcuate substrate; andB. a thin, conductive filament having a layer on its surface of a photoconductive insulating material wrapped in helical configuration around said substrate. The filament is connected to ground or to a suitable bias source. In one embodiment of the invention, the filament layer is overcoated with a thin layer of an insulating organic resin to provide a device with a dielectric storage layer on its exposed surface. In another embodiment, the overcoating is not applied thereby providing an electrostatographic gravure member suitable for use with certain liquid developed imaging techniques.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophotographic recording material comprising a conductive support, an organic substance capable of transporting electrical charge, and a dyestuff of purple to violet color, having: (a) an X value in the range of from 0.13 to 0.52 and a Y value within the range of from 0.019 to 0.33 in the CIE system, (b) an extended .pi.-electron system of at least 20 .pi.-electrons, and (c) possessing a reflectance of not more than 50% throughout the spectral region of 420 to 750 nm when in the form of a single color-masking layer of about 0.1 g/m.sup.2, and which has a high photosensitivity throughout the said spectral range. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the novel recording material.

Abstract: An imaging system wherein an imaging member comprising a layer of softenable substantially electrically insulating material containing a dispersion of randomly oriented electrically photosensitive orientation particles is imaged by: (A) applying a uniform electric field across said member, (B) imagewise exposing said member to activating electromagnetic radiation, and (C) developing said member by decreasing the resistance of said softenable layer to reorientation of said orientation particles sufficiently to allow imagewise reorientation of said orientation particles.

Abstract: Photoconductive composition comprising an organo-chalcogen polymer of the formula:--Se -- A -- Se -- Te.sub.m --.sub.nwhereinA is a member selected from the group consisting of an alkylene radical having from about 9 to about 20 carbon atoms, a divalent aromatic radical having from about 6 to about 50 carbon atoms and a divalent heterocyclic radical;m is at least 1; andn is at least 2Or--B -- Se.sub.a.sub.-x -- Te.sub.m -- Se.sub.x --.sub.bwhereinB is a member selected from the group consisting of divalent hydrocarbylene radicals and divalent heterocyclic radicals;a is a positive integer of at least 2;x is a positive integer of at least 1 but less than a;m is a positive integer in excess of 1; andb is a positive integer in excess of 1.This composition possesses enhanced spectral response and electrophotographic speed over compositions containing selenium alone.

Abstract: A photoconductive binder layer comprising a particulate mixture of photosensitive titanium dioxide and photosensitive cadmium pigment dispersed in an insulating resin binder.

Abstract: Images are formed with imaging members comprising one or more migration layers and a softenable layer which may be a circulation layer. An electrical latent image is created on the member with electrostatic charge having a density sufficient to cause migration of the marking material from the migration layer through the migration layer -- softenable layer interface and into the softenable layer. When the migration layer and softenable layer comprise materials sufficiently dissimilar so as to retard or prevent penetration, the softenable layer is a circulation layer, the circulation of which enables penetration of the interface by marking material. In a multiple migration layer member, the migrated marking particles have their relative positions inverted.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition for electrophotography comprising a combination of poly-N-vinylcarbazole or halogenated poly-N-vinylcarbazole and prepolymer of diallylphthalate.This composition has an improved photodecay characteristics due to the use of the prepolymer of diallylphthalate, gives a high electrostatic contrast of a latent image and is useful for a contact exposure reproduction process.

Abstract: As a photoconductive material there is provided a carrier having a coating thereon of a germanium-sulphur-lead alloy or a germanium-sulphur-tin alloy.

Abstract: A photosensitive material comprising a conductive support provided with a photoconductive layer and a protective layer, wherein the protective layer contains an organic aluminum compound.

Abstract: In organic, photoconductive insulating compositions including one or more organic photoconductors, the image contrast characteristics obtained when using such compositions can be modified or modifiable when the composition includes a triaminobenzene compound, such as one having the formula ##SPC1##Wherein each of Z, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2, taken together with the nitrogen to which each is attached, represents the non-metallic atoms necessary to complete a heterocyclic group having from 5 to 10 atoms in the cyclic nucleus.

Abstract: A manifold member and method is disclosed wherein the imaging layer is activated by a thermo-activator which is incorporated integrally into the manifold imaging layer. The member also contains a dark charge injecting material. Upon heating, the thermo-activator activates the imaging layer for use in the manifold imaging process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method for the preparation of aromatic organic diselenide compounds. The method involves reacting an alkali metal diselenide with certain halogenated aromatic compounds in dimethylformamide to form the corresponding aromatic diselenide. The use of dimethylformamide enables one to prepare certain aromatic diselenide compounds containing two replaceable halogen atoms in a one-step process.

Abstract: The amine salts of linear polyaniline compounds, including substituted polyaniline compounds, are useful, semiconductors. These materials are generally soluble in popular organic solvents and have resistivities between 10.sup.-.sup.3 and 10.sup.9 ohm-cm. These compounds are useful in the formation of semiconductor compositions, including self-supporting films, and various semiconductor elements such as antistatic films and fibers.

Abstract: A novel organic photoconductive compound having the general formula, ##SPC1##Wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 1-11 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, methyl, nitro or a halogen and n and m are integers of 1 or 2 and may be the same or different, can provide extremely highly sensitive and inexpensive elecrophotographic material.

Abstract: Photoconductive compositions are disclosed which are formed from merocyanine dyes, preferably dispersed in insulating binders.

Abstract: A method of making a photosensitive imaging device which comprises; vacuum evaporating a thin layer of vitreous selenium onto a supporting substrate, forming a relatively thicker layer of electrically active organic material over said selenium layer, followed by heating said device to an elevated temperature for a time sufficient to convert the vitreous selenium to the crystalline trigonal form. The imaging device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An imaging method based upon visible light induced changes in a photochromic imaging layer containing a dispersion of at least one of the following compounds: ##SPC1##Where a, b, c and d are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, NO.sub.2, NH.sub.2, lower alkyl, phenyl, phenoxy, lower alkoxy, carboxy, hydroxyl, lower alkyl esters and aryl esters,In an organic film forming binder.

Abstract: Vitreous photoconductive material having a composition xGeS.sub.2 -- yGes--zMS, which does not contain arsenic, but has good thermal stability.

Abstract: Charging and imaging methods including providing an imaging member having a dielectric substrate, an overlayer of softenable material and a fracturable layer of particulate material, charging said member either by placing said member with the dielectric substrate contacting an electrical ground and electrically charging the opposite side thereof, or by charging each side of said member to a different polarity. Such an imaging member is imaged by forming an electrostatic latent image on said member, and developing said member whereby selective portions of the particulate material migrate in imagewise configuration toward the dielectric substrate.

Abstract: There are described novel yellow compounds which are represented by the formula ##SPC1##Wherein X is a member selected from the group consisting of ##SPC2##The compounds may be used for various applications and preferably are utilized as imaging particles in the photoelectrophoretic imaging method.

Abstract: A manifold imaging method and member is disclosed wherein the imaging layer comprises electrically photosensitive materials, a binder and a metallic soap. Such imaging layers have been found to be more easily activated or rendered structurally fracturable in response to the combined effects of an applied electric field and exposure to electromagnetic radiation to which the imaging layer is sensitive when employed in the manifold imaging process.

Abstract: A method of improving the reusability, in a liquid electrophoretic development process, of an electrophotographic photosensitive plate which has, in the following recited order, a base which is a conducting substrate, a thin vitreous sensitizing layer including selenium, and an organic carrier transporting layer which is polyvinylcarbazole or a polyvinylcarbazole derivative with at least one inactive additive. The main feature of the method is to apply, by glow discharge in a vacuum chamber, a top organic film on the surface of the organic carrier transporting layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for the preparation of an electrostatographic photoreceptor comprised of a layer of an organic active transport or insulating material overcoating a layer of a photoconductive material in operative connection with a conductive substrate. The method involves preparing a uniform liquid dispersion of the organic material in an appropriate solvent as a carrier phase having a pigmentary photoconductive material dispersed in it as a dispersed phase. The liquid dispersion is coated onto a conductive substrate and exposed to a direct stream of corona ions or a high intensity DC electric field, without contacting its surface with an electrode, to cause separation of the two phases into a two layered structure with the layer of photoconductive material being deposited between the substrate and the solution of organic material. Drying the structure by removing the solvent for the organic material provides the finished photoreceptor.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophotographic recording material comprising an electrically conducting supporting material having thereon a photoconductive double layer of organic materials, said double layer being composed of a homogeneous, opaque, charge carrier-producing dyestuff layer and a transparent top layer of insulating material containing at least one charge-transporting compound, the transparent top layer comprising a binder and a charge-transporting aromatic compound with an extended .pi.-electron system which is substituted by at least one substituted amino group, and the dyestuff layer comprising a condensation product of an aromatic aldehyde and a compound carrying an active methylene group.

Abstract: A method for developing continuous tone images is disclosed involving the use of a development electrode and a backing electrode. The backing electrode is made of a conductive material and has projections on its surface which are fabricated to penetrate the substrate of a photoconductive imaging member. In this manner, sufficient electrical contact is made between the development electrode and the substrate to insure proper development.

Abstract: A photoconductive layer having superior characteristics is made by steps of suspending uniformly photoconductive particles in a viscous solution by stirring, pouring the stirred mixture of the photoconductive particles, binder and solvent on a substrate which is put horizontally at a bottom of a container, precipitating the photoconductive particles on the surface of the substrate so as to form a wet photoconductive layer, removing the clear solution on the wet photoconductive layer, drying the wet photoconductive layer and baking the dried photoconductive layer.

Abstract: Ambipolar photoconductive composition comprising the product of the in situ polymerization of at least one cyclic compound of the formula: ##EQU1## wherein Ar is a polyaromatic nucleus selected from the group consisting of diradicals of naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene and carbazole;X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO.sub.2, NH.sub.2 ; lower alkyl, phenyl, phenoxy, lower alkoxy, carboxy, hydroxyl, lower alkyl esters and aryl esters;m and n can range from 0 to the total number of replaceable hydrogens on the polyaromatic nucleus;In a polymeric host resin.By the appropriate in situ polymerization of the above compound in the host polymer, it is possible to produce an interpretating photoconductive netword throughout the host polymer. The resulting photoconductive materials can be incorporated into an imaging member in an electrostatographic imaging system and function in either a positive or negative charging mode.

Abstract: Material useful in electropolymerization processes comprises a conductive support and a layer thereon of a composition comprising a polymerizable monomer and polymerization catalyst precursor which is a combination of an alkali metal nitrite and a primary aromatic amine. Electrolysis of the composition results in diazotization of the amine with subsequent electrolytic generation of polymerization-inducing free radicals. The anodic reaction ensures polymerization at and bonding of the resulting polymer to the support sheet of the material even when used in conjunction with zinc oxide photoconductor cathode layers. The material is particularly useful in negative-working imagery and in the preparation of patterned resist layers.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive material having an electrophotosensitive layer comprising a finely divided inorganic photoconductive material, a sensitizing dye for the photoconductive material and a resinous binder on a support and to be subjected to bleaching treatment after the formation of a visible image to remove the coloration with the sensitizing dye from the electrophotosensitive layer with a solution containing an organic acid or an alkali metal hydroxide, which comprises the resinous binder being crosslinked with polyisocyanate to be rendered insoluble in an organic solvent.

Abstract: A method of making a photosensitive imaging device which comprises; vacuum evaporating a thin layer of vitreous selenium over a layer of electrically active organic material which is contained on a supporting substrate, forming a relatively thin layer of electrically insulating or electrically active organic material over said selenium layer, followed by heating said device to an elevated temperature for a time sufficient to convert the vitreous selenium to the crystalline trigonal form. The imaging device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophoretic imaging process wherein a suspension of particles in a carrier liquid are placed between a photoconductive electrode and a second electrode. With an electrical field applied between the photoconductive electrode and the second electrode the photoconductor is exposed to imagewise radiation which causes particles on the surface of the photoconductive electrode to be driven away in image configuration by charge exchange with the photoconductive electrode. The migrating particles form a negative image on the second electrode leaving a positive image behind on the photoconductive electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement to a conventional electrostatographic photoreceptor comprised of a conductive substrate having a layer of a photoconductive material on its surface. The improvement involves a plurality of abrasion resistant particles embedded in the layer of photoconductive material so that generally hemispherical portions of the particles protrude to a height of from 0.5 to 5 microns above the surface of the photoreceptor. The improved photoreceptor is readily adaptable to cleaning by applying a flexible doctor blade to its surface and providing relative motion therebetween.

Abstract: An induction imaging process wherein the electrophotographic imaging member comprises at least three separate and distinct layers; namely, a conductive substrate, a photoconductive insulating layer and an insulating film overcoating the free surface of the photoconductive insulating layer. This process provides an efficient route for latent image formation, development and erasure of charge carriers trapped at the interface of the insulating overcoating and the layer contiguous with said coating. This process is especially suitable for use in combination with polar liquid development.

Abstract: An electrophotographic paper based on a flat surface bond type paper is given a photoconductive coating to one side of the paper and is cockled afterward. This "post" cockling process can be done on a suitable web roll during production of the coated electrophotographic stock, or an electrographic or electrophotographic copy sheet can be cockled or embossed after imaging, toning and fixing by a conventional electrophotographic apparatus.

Abstract: An imaging member comprising a first layer of electrically active charge transport material contained on a supporting substrate, a photoconductive layer overlaying said active layer, and a second layer of electrically active charge transport material overlaying said photoconductive layer.

Abstract: A recording material is described, which comprises a support of paper or of synthetic polymer and an electroconductive layer on at least one side of the support. The surface resistance of this electroconductive layer is not more than 10.sup.11 ohms per sq. at a relative humidity of 15%. The layer consists or includes a major proportion of a water-soluble polymer resulting from the amino alkylation of polyethyleneimine with an epoxy compound bearing a quaternary ammonium end group.The electroconductive layers may be used as antistatic layers in a photographic silver halide recording material. When covered with a photoconductive coating the electroconductive layer may be used in electrophotographic recording materials. When an insulating layer is applied on the electroconductive layer an electrographic recording material is formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel photoconductive materials, their preparation, and their use in camera tubes. In particular, we disclose a method for preparing a Conductron-type photoconductive element from silver sulfide.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is produced by a method in which a photoconductive layer is provided on a base, a polymeric solventless-type liquid resin adhesive is placed between said photoconductive layer and an overlying insulating layer and, by applying pressure on said insulating layer to spread said resin, said insulating layer is secured closely to the photoconductive layer through said adhesive layer. Fine grains of photoconductive material may be dispersed in said adhesive to provide a second photoconductive layer.This invention relates to a method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member and further to a method for obtaining a novel photosensitive member by employing said method.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for the preparation of CdSSe by the reaction in an aqueous medium of CdCO.sub.3 with a soluble metal sulfide and selenium to form a raw cake which is subsequently calcined to form the desired product. During calcination, an inert gas is allowed to flow over the raw cake thereby forming a CdSSe pigment with improved electrical properties for use in electrostatographic copying.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process of the manufacture of reprographic sheets for use in electrostatography and papers produced thereby. In this method a coating composition is applied to a substrate, generally paper, out of a solution of a mixture of mutually miscible organic liquids, one being a solvent for the polymer and the other a non-solvent for the polymer and removing the organic liquids with most of the solvent being removed before a significant amount of non-solvent is removed.

Abstract: Novel semiconductive tertiary and higher order type copper-Group V transition metal chalcogenides having useful broad-band photoconductive properties are characterized by containing fewer than 100 ppm of impurities as determined by electron microprobe analysis, excluding doping agents which may be present. These materials are made e.g. by chemical vapor transport methods using the powdered chalcogenide or mixtures of stoichiometric amounts of the elements of which it is composed, with a small amount of halogen or hydrogen halide and heating the mixture in vacuum in a temperature gradient in which the highest temperature is below about 1200.degree. C. Photoconducting devices can be made e.g. by supplying electrodes to a thin film of the material upon a dielectric substrate.

Abstract: A photographic material comprising a support coated at one side with one or more silver halide emulsion layers and at the opposite side with an electroconductive interlayer which in its turn is coated with a photoconductive layer essentially consisting of at least one organic photoconductive compound, said silver halide emulsion layer or layers being of the type that yield a latent image on exposure with actinic light and of which the latent image is developable to a silver image with a reducing agent applied as developing agent in silver halide photography, said electroconductive interlayer having a resistivity being at least 1000 times smaller than that of the photoconductive layer, and the composition of the non-developed photographic material being such, that the combined spectral density of the support, of the conductive interlayer and of the photoconductive layer does not exceed 0.3 in the wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophotographic process for the production of a printing form which comprises electrostatically charging a supported photoconductive and photopolymerizable layer, exposing the charged layer to light under a master, developing the resulting latent image with an electroscopic material, again exposing the layer to light, and removing the developed image areas from the support.