Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing carbonyl sulfide from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, said process comprising the steps of (a) passing said hydrocarbon feedstock over an absorbent material comprising nickel deposited on a support material wherein nickel is present as both nickel oxide and metallic nickel and wherein the absorbent material has been conditioned by passing an inert gas flow containing a minor amount of propylene; and (b) recovering a liquid hydrocarbon stream having substantially reduced carbonyl sulfide content.

Abstract: Spent or inactive alumina-supported catalysts removed from a catalytic hydrotreating process and having carbonaceous and metallic deposits thereon are reactivated. After a solvent wash to remove process oils, the spent catalyst is contacted with steam at a temperature of 1000.degree. to about 1250.degree. F. for a period of about 2 to about 5 hours to form a reactivated catalyst suitable for reuse in a catalytic hydrotreating process. Optionally, the steam-treated catalyst can be regenerated by contact with an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature of about 700.degree. to about 900.degree. F. to remove carbon deposits from the catalyst, or, alternatively, the steam-treated catalyst can be acid-leached to remove undesired metals and then contacted with an oxygen-containing gas at an elevated temperature to remove carbon deposits.

Abstract: In a multi-pass system for purifying oil or other liquids, an improved apparatus and method for mixing air with the contaminated liquid for separation after a phase change from liquid to gas. The contaminated liquid is drawn from a reservoir by a pump, filtered, and heated, and atmospheric air is induced into the contaminated liquid downstream of the heater by an eductor, which promotes the phase change from liquid to vapor. The liquid/contaminant mix, which now includes entrained air, is passed immediately through a second eductor, the compressibility of the air in tile mix, followed by expansion of the compressed air as the mix exits the second eductor, causing intimate contact of air and contaminant, thereby promoting the stripping of the contaminant from tile liquid. The air/liquid/contaminant mix is then routed to a level controlled separation tank, water vapor, contaminants, and condensate being released from tile tank ill the space above the pooled liquid.

Abstract: Process and use of decahydro pyrazino [2,3-b] pyrazine for the reduction of the proportion of free or combined hydrogen sulphide present in a fluid.

Abstract: In a multi-pass system for purifying oil or other liquids, an improved apparatus and method for mixing air with the contaminated liquid for separation after a phase change from liquid to gas. The contaminated liquid is drawn from a reservoir by a pump, filtered, and heated, and atmospheric air is induced into the contaminated liquid downstream of the heater by an eductor, which promotes the phase change from liquid to vapor. The liquid/contaminant mix, which now includes entrained air, is passed immediately through a second eductor, the compressibility of the air in the mix, followed by expansion of the compressed air as the mix exits the second eductor, causing intimate contact of air and contaminant, thereby promoting the stripping of the contaminant from the liquid. The air/liquid/contaminant mix is then routed to a level controlled separation tank, water vapor, contaminants, and condensate being released from the tank in the space above the pooled liquid.

Abstract: A process for desulfurizing a hydrocarbon stream which includes at least 100 ppmw sulfur in the form of organic sulfur compounds, and C.sub.4 -hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon stream is contacted in the absence of added hydrogen with a fluidized bed of an acidic catalyst having a structure of ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-48, MCM-22, MCM-36, MCM-49, zeolite Y, zeolite beta or mixtures thereof to convert the organic sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide. The catalyst contacts the hydrocarbon stream at a pressure of from 0.0 psig to about 400 psig, a temperature of from about 400.degree. F. to about 900.degree. F., and a weight hourly space velocity of from about 0.1 hr..sup.-1 to about 10.0 hr..sup.-1. Thereafter, the hydrogen sulfide is removed from the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Reactive S (e.g. H.sub.2 S and mercaptans) in petroleum liquid are scavenged by the use of oil soluble trialkyl hexahydro triazines wherein at least one alkyl group, and preferably all three, contain from 7 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method and system for removing hydrogen sulfide from a continuous aqueous phase-containing fluid without forming a sulfur sludge. Oil is either initially present in the fluid or added thereto.

Abstract: Sour sulfhydryl group containing oils are treated with an effective amount of a sweetening, hydrogen sulfide vapor reducing quaternary ammonium compound of the formula ##STR1## (a) wherein (i) R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrocarbon groups including alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or arylalkyl groups, of up to 24 carbon atoms, and if an alkyl group, may include a cycloalkyl; with the proviso that two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be in saturated heterocyclic ring which includes said nitrogen atom and may also include an oxygen atom; and (ii) at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 has two or more carbon atoms; and (b) wherein R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently are hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group of up to six carbon atoms, with the proviso that two of R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 may be in a cycloalkane ring. The compounds used in this treatment are especially suitable for high boiling, heavy residual fuels under low mix conditions.

Abstract: Liquid sulphur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock is passed through two or more hydrodesulfurization zones and connected in a series each containing a packed bed of solid sulfurized catalyst. The liquid is passed from the first zone to the next until the final zone. Make up hydrogen is supplied to a hydrodesulfurization zone (i) other than the first hydrodesulfurization zone; hydrogen-containing gas is recovered from each hydrodesulfurization zone. The first hydrodesulfurization zone is supplied with hydrogen-containing gas recovered from a subsequent hydrodesulfurization zone. Hydrogen-containing gas recovered from the first hydrodesulfurization zone is purged. Liquid material recovered from the first hydrodesulfurization zone is recycled to the inlet of the hydrosulfurization zone so as to provide diluent for admixture with liquid feedstock.

Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrogen sulfide present in a composition comprising treating the composition with a water-in-oil emulsion wherein said water-in-oil emulsion containing by weight about: 20 to 80% of a dispersed aqueous phase containing about 20 to 70% of one or more aldehydes chosen from the group constituted by formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, glycolaldehyde or glyoxylic acid and 80 to 30% of an aqueous solution containing 90 to 100% water and 10 to 0% of a buffer agent pH=5.5.+-.1.5; and 80 to 20% of a continuous oil phase containing about 90 to 99% of one or more saturated and liquid C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 hydrocarbons, and 10 to 1% of an emulsifying system constituted by one or more water-in-oil emulsifying agents.

Abstract: A hydrodesulfurization process is provided for continuously effecting hydrodesulfurization of a liquid sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which comprises: (a) providing a hydrodesulfurization zone maintained under hydrodesulfurization conditions and comprising a column reactor having a plurality of reaction trays therein mounted one above another, each tray defining a respective reaction stage adapted to hold a predetermined liquid volume and a charge of a sulfided solid hydrodesulfurization catalyst therein, liquid downcomer means associated with each reaction tray adapted to allow liquid to pass down the column reactor from that tray but to retain solid catalyst thereon, and gas upcomer means associated with each reaction tray adapted to allow gas to enter that tray from below and to agitate the mixture of liquid and catalyst on that tray; (b) supplying liquid sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock to the uppermost one of said plurality of reaction trays; (c) supplying hydrogen-containing gas below th

Abstract: A method for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in an aqueous and/or hydrocarbon medium is disclosed. According to the method, the medium is contacted with an effective amount of an amidine selected from the group consisting of monoamidines of from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms and polyamidines comprising from 2 to 3 amidine groups of from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms per amidine group.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions containing by weight about:20 to 80% of a dispersed aqueous phase containing about 20 to 70% of one or more aldehydes chosen from the group constituted by formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, glycolaldehyde or glyoxylic acid and 80 to 30% of an aqueous solution containing 90 to 100% water and 10 to 0% of a buffer agent pH=5.5.+-.1.5; and 80 to 20% of a continuous oil phase containing about 90 to 99 % of one or more saturated and liquid C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 hydrocarbons, and 10 to 1% of an emulsifying system constituted by one or more water-in-oil emulsifying agents and process for the elimination of hydrogen sulphide.

Abstract: Sour sulfhydryl-group containing oils are treated with an amount of hexamethylenetetramine effective to sweeten the oil and reduce headspace H.sub.2 S to a desired level.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock is catalytically reformed to effect dehydrocyclization of paraffins in a process combination comprising a first reforming zone and a sulfur-removal zone utilizing a manganese component to preclude sulfur from the feed to a second reforming zone. The process combination shows substantial benefits over prior art processes in the stability of the extremely sulfur-sensitive catalyst utilized in the second reforming zone.

Abstract: A process for removing elemental sulfur from fluids such as refined petroleum products transported through pipelines for the transportation of sour hydrocarbon streams. The fluids are contacted with a soluble quaternary ammonium hydroxide and preferably an organo mercaptan and alcohol to convert the elemental sulfur to a soluble polysulfide product which is substantially non-corrosive.

Abstract: Stable, single-phased solutions of water-in-oil microemulsions which contain microorganisms and/or parts thereof are described. They are obtained by adding to crude oil and/or at least one product of the refining of same an aqueous concentrated solution of microorganisms and/or parts thereof, in such a way that said aqueous solution is solubilized in crude oil or the refined product and that the blend thus obtained has the form of a stable, single-phased solution.

Abstract: Sour sulfhydryl group containing oils and gases are treated with an effective amount of a sweetening, hydrogen sulfide quantity reducing aminocarbinol of the formulaR.sub.2 N--CH(--R.sup.1)OHwherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl or inertly substituted hydrocarbyl and each R is independently hydrocarbyl or inertly substituted hydrocarbyl or both R groups are collectively a divalent hydrocarbon or ether radical combined with the nitrogen of the aminocarbinol to form a heterocyclic ring represented by the formula(--R--R--)>N--CH(--R.sup.1)OH.The aminocarbinols used in this treatment are especially suitable for sour gases and high boiling, heavy residual fuels under low mix conditions.

Abstract: In accordance with this invention, a method is provided for decreasing hydrogen sulfide atmosphere, over sour heavy fuel oils to a predetermined acceptable level, which comprises treating such fuel oil with an effective amount of a choline base at a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the choline base. Surprisingly, this is effective to treat sour heavy fuel oils having atmospheric hydrogen sulfide content exceeding 5,000 ppm.

Abstract: Process for upgrading a sulfur-containing feedstock comprising a hydrocarbon mixture substantially boiling in the gasoline range which process comprises the following steps:1) contacting the feedstock of a temparature of about 300.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C., a pressure of about 1 bar to about 40 bar and a space velocity of about 0.5 to about 10 g/g/h, with a catalyst which comprises a crystalline (metallo)silicate having an X-ray diffraction pattern containing the four strongest lines at interplanar spacings (d) expressed in .ANG., of 11.1.+-.0.2, 10.0.+-.0.2, 3.84.+-.0.07 and 3.72.+-.0.06, and2) contacting at least a fraction of the product obtained in step 1) at a temperature of about 200.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C., a pressure of about 20 bar to about 100 bar and a space velocity of about 0.

Abstract: A process for removal of arsenic from a hydrocarbon stream containing arsenic together with mercaptan and non-mercaptan sulfur compounds. The hydrocarbon stream is passed through at least two mercaptan oxidizing reactors in series wherein the mercaptans are oxidized to disulfides to produce a low mercaptan liquid containing no more than 1.5 ppm sulfur as mercaptans. The low mercaptan liquid is passed over an arsenic sorbent catalyst containing less than 20 weight percent gamma alumina to selectively sorb arsenic substantially without sorbing non-mercaptan sulfur compounds.

Abstract: The recovery of distillate products from a hydrocracking process includes passing the liquid-phase portion of the reaction zone effluent into a stripping column. A naphtha sidecut stream is recovered off the stripping column and combined with the net overhead liquid of the column. These combined streams are then combined with the naphtha recovered from the primary product recovery column. This minimizes the hydrogen sulfide present in the total naphtha product.

Abstract: A method of removing sulfur components from a hydrocarbon stream which involves contacting a hydrocarbon stream including an initial amount of at least one sulfur species selected from the group consisting of mercaptans, organic sulfides, and disulfides with a catalyst capable of adsorbing the sulfur species in the absence of extraneously added hydrogen and under conditions suitable for removing the at least one sulfur species from the hydrocarbon stream by the catalyst to form a resultant hydrocarbon stream containing a reduced amount of the at least one sulfur species.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new form of crystalline material identified as zeolite ZSM-12, to a new and useful improvement in synthesizing said crystalline material and to use of said crystalline material prepared in accordance herewith as a catalyst for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and integrated process involving the utilization of a primary adsorption bed containing a regenerable, physical adsorbent and an auxiliary sorption bed containing a chemisorbent for the removal of sulfur compounds from a fluid stream, which process provides for higher yields, higher purity and lower costs. A system for removing sulfur compounds in accordance with the above process is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for treating hydrotreated naphtha which involves treating the naphtha over massive nickel catalyst followed by treating the naphtha over a metal oxide under conditions effective for removing impurities from said naphtha to result in substantially purified naphtha, wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group of metal oxides having a free energy of formation of sulfide which exceeds said free energy of formation of platinum sulfide, such as manganous oxide. In so doing, naphtha in the gas phase in the presence of hydrogen is passed over the manganous oxide at a temperature within the range of about 800.degree. F. and 1100.degree. F., a hydrogen to oil molar ratio between about 1:1 and 6:1, a whsv between about 2 and 8, and pressure between about 50 and 300 psig; and the naphtha in the liquid phase at a temperature between about 300.degree. F. and about 350.degree. F., and whsv less than about 5 is passed over the massive nickel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel synthetic crystalline molecular sieve composition, MCM-37, which may contain framework +3 valence element, e.g. aluminum, and +5 valence element, e.g. phosphorus or with an addition +4 valence element, e.g. silicon, and to use thereof as a support and in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. The crystalline composition of this invention can easily be converted to catalytically active material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new form of crystalline material identified as zeolite MCM-47, to a new and useful improvement in synthesizing said crystalline material and to use of said crystalline material prepared in accordance herewith as a catalyst for organic compound, e.g. hydrocarbon compound, conversion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for increasing the desulfurization activity of a catalyst prepared by incorporating an element selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof, and a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, into an alumina hydrogel, wherein said catalyst is sulfided with the gaseous sulfur compound at a temperature of at least about 900.degree. F. at least one hour.

Abstract: Heavy crude oils are upgraded thermally in the presence of water and a polyhydroxy metal bentonite in an autoclave, particularly at a temperature of about 200.degree. to about 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for operating a refinery gas plant such as the unsaturated gas plant of a catalytic hydrocarbon conversion process that results in a reduction of the corrosive effect of acid gases on the gas plant vessels and equipment. The process comprises contacting acidic hydrocarbon feedstreams to an unsaturated gas plant separator zone with lean acid gas absorbing absorbent in an absorbtion zone comprising at least one liquid absorber bed and one vapor absorber bed. The liquid and vapor absorber beds are located upstream of the separator zone. The feedstreams to the gas plant comprise unstabilized, or wild, liquid gasoline and liquid and vapor output streams from the liquid-vapor separator for inter-stage wet gas compressor of the conversion process main fractionator. Accordingly, these feedstreams are deacidified before separation in the USGP deethanizer-absorber, sponge absorber, and debutanizer. This also eliminates the need for deacidification of the gas plant product stream.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon-containing oil contains at least one hydrogenation component on an amorphous, porous refractory oxide. The catalyst is prepared by impregnating support particles having a narrow pore size distribution and a mode pore diameter from abpit 70 to 80 angstroms with a solution containing a precursor of the hydrogenation components, followed by drying and calcining. The catalyst is useful for promoting a number of hydrocarbon hydroprocessing reactions, particularly hydrogenative desulfurization, dedemetallization and denitrogenation, and most particularly, hydrodesulfurization of residuum-containing oils.

Abstract: Molecular sieves are used to remove sulfur compounds (e.g., COS and H.sub.2 S) from liquid hydrocarbon streams, particularly liquid propane. During regeneration of the sieves, some of the liquid hydrocarbons remains on the sieves and is lost by vaporization during the purge step and the liquid fill step. This invention reduces the loss by recovery and recycle of the vaporized hydrocarbons in the liquid recovery process.

Abstract: Molecular sieves are used to remove sulfur compounds (e.g., COS and H.sub.2 S) from liquid hydrocarbon streams, particularly liquid propane. During regeneration of the sieves, some of the liquid hydrocarbons remains on the sieves and is lost be vaporization during the purge step and the liquid fill step. This invention reduces the loss by recovery and recycle of the vaporized hydrocarbons in the liquid recovery process.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulphide is scavenged from a feedstock comprising crude oil and hydrogen sulphide by adding a compound of general formula ##STR1## to the feedstock. R is an alkyl group containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an alkyl aryl group wherein the alkyl moiety contains 1 to 18 carbon atoms and L is a leaving group.Preferred scavengers include acetic anhydride and triacetamide.

Abstract: Organic feedstocks containing at least one impurity component which is more strongly adsorbed on molecular sieve adsorbents than the host feedstock are purified of the said impurity by passage in the liquid phase through a fixed bed of the adsorbent whereby the impurity is selectively adsorbed and the purified feedstock recovered in unusually high yield by a novel bed regeneration procedure involving the use of a portion of the purified feedstock in the vapor phase to countercurrently remove the liquid held in the bed void space, a relatively non-sorbable purge gas to sequentially displace the purified feedstock vapor from the bed followed by a displacement of the non-sorbable purge gas from the bed void space using another portion of the purified feedstock in the vapor phase, and finally cooling and refilling the bed in a direction cocurrent with the flow of feedstock into the bed during the adsorption purification stage with a portion of the purified feedstock in the liquid phase.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalytic composite effective in oxidizing mercaptans contained in a sour petroleum distillate to disulfides. The catalytic composite comprises a metal chelate, an onium compound and optionally an alkali metal hydroxide. The onium compound may be selected from the group consisting of phosphonium, arsonium, stibonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds, with phosphonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds preferred. Additionally, metal phthalocyanines are a preferred class of metal chelates. This invention also relates to an improved process for treating a sour petroleum distillate, wherein the improvement comprises using the catalytic composite described above.

Abstract: A process for treating hydrocarbons containing mercaptans comprising the steps of contacting a first mercaptan-containing hydrocarbon stream with a first aqueous alkaline solution stream to form a mercaptide-rich aqueous alkaline solution stream and a reduced-mercaptan hydrocarbon stream; combining said mercaptide-rich aqueous alkaline solution stream with a second mercaptan-containing hydrocarbon stream and with oxygen to form a first mixture; oxidizing said mixture to form a second mixture of hydrocarbon, disulfides and aqueous alkaline solution; and separating said second mixture into a disulfide-containing hydrocarbon stream and a regenerated aqueous alkaline solution stream; whereby said second hydrocarbon stream is sweetened and said mercaptide-rich aqueous alkaline solution is regenerated simultaneously in the same step.

Abstract: The hydrogen sulfide content of the atmosphere over sour heavy fuel oils is controlled by the addition of choline to the fuel oil.

Abstract: A process for desulphurization of heavy petroleum residues comprises heating thereof to a temperature of from 190.degree. to 200.degree. C., passing a 4-20V electric current through the heated petroleum heavy residues and adding Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or Pb.sub.3 O.sub.4 and Ba(OH).sub.2 thereto in a weight ratio of the components of 1-10:1-20 respectively; in the case of using Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Pb.sub.3 O.sub.4 simultaneously, their weight ratio is equal to 2-9:1-5 respectively.

Abstract: A process is provided wherein premium fuels are manufactured from a high sulfur, low pour point feed and a low sulfur, high pour point feed. The feeds are treated individually (blocked operation) in a catalytic reactor that desulfurizes or dewaxes the feed, depending on temperature, and the effluents are combined. Since cut point limitations due to sulfur or pour point are removed by the process, yield of a fuel (e.g. jet fuel) is materially enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and integrated process involving the utilization of a primary adsorption bed containing a regenerable, physical absorbent and an auxiliary sorption bed containing a chemisorbent and an optional physical absorbent for the removal of sulfur compounds and water from a fluid stream, which process provides for higher yields, higher purity and lower costs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and integrated process involving the utilization of a primary adsorption bed containing a regenerable, physical adsorbent and an auxiliary sorption bed containing a chemisorbent for the removal of sulfur compounds from a fluid stream, which process provides for higher yields, higher purity and lower costs. A system for removing sulfur compounds in accordance with the above process is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing carbonyl sulfide from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, said process comprising the steps of (a) passing said hydrocarbon feedstock over an absorbent material comprising nickel deposited on a support material wherein nickel is present as both nickel oxide and metallic nickel and wherein the absorbent material has been conditioned by passing an inert gas flow containing a minor amount of propylene; and (b) recovering a liquid hydrocarbon stream having a substantially reduced carbonyl sulfide content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemical process involving a processing step which is sensitive to the presence of at least one component contained within the stream to be processed. In particular, the present invention relates to an economical and efficient method of integrating the means for removing the deleterious component with the sensitive processing step by the use of a sorbent which is capable of removing the at least one deleterious component at sorption conditions which enables the stream to be in the vapor phase for subsequent introduction to the sensitive processing step which is also carried out in the vapor phase. Most preferably, the sorption conditions are substantially the same as the conditions within the sensitive processing step.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalytic composite effective in oxidizing mercaptans contained in a sour petroleum distillate to disulfides. The catalytic composite comprises a metal chelate, an onium compound and optionally an alkali metal hydroxide. The onium compound may be selected from the group consisting of phosphonium, arsonium, stibonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds, with phosphonium, oxonium and sulfonium compounds preferred. Additionally, metal phthalocyanines are a preferred class of metal chelates. This invention also relates to an improved process for treating a sour petroleum distillate, wherein the improvement comprises using the catalytic composite described above.

Abstract: A feed which comprises at least one aromatic compound containing chemically bound nitrogen and/or oxygen and/or sulfur is hydrotreated in the presence of a carbon-supported rhenium catalyst.

Abstract: A pretreatment process for removal of contaminants from a light hydrocarbon feedstock is presented. The feedstock is passed to a first adsorption zone containing a molecular sieve and thereafter passed to a second adsorption zone containing activated alumina. The process produces a hydrocarbon feedstock substantially free of sulfur compounds, oxygenates, and water. Such a process finds utility as a feed pretreatment step preceding a catalytic isomerization process.

Abstract: 1. A process for reducing the sulfur content of petroleum asphaltenes containing sulfur comprising:(1) forming a mixture of petroleum asphaltenes containing sulfur and a liquid selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, carbon dioxide and mixtures thereof;(2) raising the temperature and pressure of the mixture to a temperature and pressure above the critical temperature and pressure of the liquid to convert the liquid to a supercritical fluid;(3) maintaining the mixture above the critical temperature and pressure of the liquid for a time sufficient to effect sulfur reduction;(4) reducing the pressure to a second lower pressure; and(5) recovering petroleum asphaltenes reduced in sulfur.