Abstract: New 4-substituted resorcinol derivatives of general formula I and/or B and process for synthesizing same, cosmetic compositions and methods of using same, particularly for skin lightening: Wherein X1 and/or X2 represents hydrogen (H), linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C12 alkyl, alkenyl, or acyl groups. Preferably, X1 and/or X2 represents hydrogen (H); linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C12 alkyl or acyl groups; R1 represents hydrogen (H), linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated C1-C12 alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkenyl group. Preferably, R1 represents hydrogen (H) or a C1 alkyl group (i.e, methyl group). More preferably, R1 represents hydrogen; n represents 0, 1. When n=0, the ring is a cyclopentyl with or without one heteroatom from O, N or S and/or with or without one double bond.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing aryl or heteroaryl amines, ethers or thioethers (III) by cross-coupling primary or secondary amities, alcohols or thioalcohols with substituted aryl or heteroaryl compounds (I) in the presence of a Brønsted base and a catalyst or a pre-catalyst containing a) a transition metal, a complex, a salt, or a compound of a transition metal from the group V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, and b) at least one sulfonated phosphane ligand in a solvent or a solvent mixture corresponding to Scheme 1 wherein Hal represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, alkoxy, trifluoromethane sulfonate, nonafluorotrimethyl-methane sulfonate, methane sulfonate, 4-nitrobenzene sulfonate, benzene sulfonate, 2-naphthalene sulfonate, 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate, 4-nitrobenzene sulfonate, 4-chlorobenzene sulfonate, 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzene sulfonate or any other sulfonate, and X represents O, S or NR?. The invention also relates to novel phosphane ligands.

Abstract: A method of producing a first ethynyl compound represented by the following formula (1), the method including reacting a second ethynyl compound represented by the following formula (2) in a liquid phase in the presence of a reducing agent to obtain the first ethynyl compound, wherein Q1 represents an organic group; R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; and R1 and R2 may be bonded to each other.

Abstract: An alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound prepared by reacting at least one hydroxyaromatic compound with a branched olefinic oligomer having from about 20 to about 80 carbon atoms in the presence of a acid catalyst. The alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound has been determined to be substantially free of endocrine disruptive chemicals when the effects were quantified on pubertal development and thyroid function in the intact juvenile female rat.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is to provide a method for deuteration, which can obtain a compound having an aromatic ring and/or a heterocyclic ring at an improved deuteration ratio. The present invention relates to a method for deuteration of a compound having an aromatic ring and/or a heterocyclic ring, comprising reacting the compound having an aromatic ring and/or a heterocyclic ring with a heavy hydrogen source in the presence of an activated mixed catalyst of not less than two kinds of catalysts selected from among a palladium catalyst, a platinum catalyst, a rhodium catalyst, an iridium catalyst, a ruthenium catalyst, a nickel catalyst and a cobalt catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the preparation of a mixture of styrenated p-cresol species that is liquid at room temperature and has a viscosity of less than 40,000 cps at 25° C., wherein said process affords 2,6-distyrenated p-cresol assaying at 70% minimum by GC area percent, comprising reacting styrene with p-cresol at a molar ratio of 1.85 to 2.1:1, respectively, in the presence of an acid catalyst at elevated temperature, wherein said mixture comprises monostyrenated-p-cresol, distyrenated-p-cresol, and tristyrenated-p-cresol and exhibits an acid number of less than 0.1 mg KOH/gram.

Abstract: A process produces an aromatic compound by bringing an aromatic compound (B) into contact with molecular oxygen (C) in the presence of a catalyst (A) comprising at least one of (A1) a heteropolyacid and/or a salt thereof, and (A2) a mixture of oxoacids and/or salts thereof containing, as a whole, one of P and Si and at least one selected from V, Mo and W to thereby yield another aromatic compound (G) than the aromatic compound (B). The process can produce, for example, a corresponding aromatic hydroxy compound (G1) by allowing the aromatic compound (B) to react with the molecular oxygen (C) further in the presence of a reducing agent (D).

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydroxy-aromatic compound of formula (I): wherein: at least one of the set consisting of R1, R3, and R5 is a group of formula (II); any remaining one or two of the set consisting of R1, R3, and R5 being H, OH, a C1-C12 alkyl group or an oligomeric or polymeric system; R2 and R4 are H, OH, a C1-C12 alkyl group or an oligomeric or polymeric system; formula (II) is the following group: wherein EWG is an electron-withdrawing group.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I): in which A, R1, R2, X, Y and Z are defined in the description, the processes for the preparation of these compounds, the uses thereof for the treatment of dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and diabetes, and the pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To provide a method for producing heavy hydrogen gas, which enables heavy hydrogen gas to be efficiently produced from a deuterated solvent as a reaction substrate. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] (1) A method for producing heavy hydrogen gas, comprising bringing a deuterated solvent into contact with hydrogen gas under pressure in the coexistence with a catalyst selected from a palladium catalyst, a platinum catalyst, a nickel catalyst, a cobalt catalyst, an iridium catalyst, and a rhodium catalyst and a ruthenium catalyst which are not coordinated with a ligand, and (2) a catalytic deuteration method of a compound having a reducible functional group, comprising bringing the heavy hydrogen gas obtained by the above (1) into contact with the compound having a reducible functional group in the coexistence with a catalytic reduction catalyst.

Abstract: The compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein A, B, R1, R2, R3 and Z are as defined in the specification is analogous to shogaol and gingerol useful in the fields of foods, medicines, quasi-drugs, cosmetics, etc., and more highly active in tyrosinase activity inhibition, etc. than shogaol and gingerol.

Abstract: A process for producing phenol and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK).

Abstract: Chelating ligand precursors for the preparation of olefin metathesis catalysts are disclosed. The resulting catalysts are air stable monomeric species capable of promoting various metathesis reactions efficiently, which can be recovered from the reaction mixture and reused. Internal olefin compounds, specifically beta-substituted styrenes, are used as ligand precursors. Compared to terminal olefin compounds such as unsubstituted styrenes, the beta-substituted styrenes are easier and less costly to prepare, and more stable since they are less prone to spontaneous polymerization. Methods of preparing chelating-carbene metathesis catalysts without the use of CuCl are disclosed. This eliminates the need for CuCl by replacing it with organic acids, mineral acids, mild oxidants or even water, resulting in high yields of Hoveyda-type metathesis catalysts.

Abstract: We describe a process for the preparation of polyurethane polyol from CARDANOL 3-(8pentadecenyl)phenol, derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a renewable resource material. The polyol is made by oxidation with peroxy acid generated in situ to give epoxidised CARDANOL 3-(8-pentadecenyl)phenol and the epoxy derivative is converted to the polyol in the presence of the organic acid. The cardanol-based polyol may be reacted with isocyanate to form polyurethane. Alternatively blowing agents are included with the cardanol-based polyol before it is reacted with the isocyanate. These polyols are especially suitable for making rigid foams of very low density and high compressive strength.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for controlling an arthropod pest population that include an eremophilane sesquiterpene pest control agent (such as, nootkatone or 13-hydroxy-valencene) and a dialkyl-substituted phenol pest control agent (such as, carvacrol) are disclosed. The compounds present in the compositions may be isolated from natural sources, semi-synthesized from naturally occurring compounds, or completely synthesized. The pest control compositions may be applied directly to a pest or the locus of a pest, and function as topical or ingestible pest toxins.

Abstract: A antimicrobial compound, compositions containing the same, and method of using the same for reducing the presence of microorganism on a substrate or in a fluid environment comprising an antimicrobial effective carrier and at least one antimicrobial compounds including non-halogenated phenyl substituted phenol compounds.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel phenolic compound, and a recording material containing the same, which is excellent in storage stability. The object can be achieved by a phenolic compound represented by the formula (I): [wherein m represents an integer of 0 to 2; R1 and R2 each independently represents a C1–C6 alkyl group or a C1–C6 alkoxy group; p and q each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4; t and u each independently represents 0 or 1 and do not simultaneously represent 0; and X represents a group represented by any of the formulas (II) to (VII): (wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C1–C6 alkyl group; a represents an integer of 1 to 6; b represents an integer of 0 to 4; and c represents an integer of 0 to 6)] and a recording material containing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystal mixtures having specific resistance values, comprising acidic compounds. The present invention furthermore relates to liquid-crystal displays containing these liquid-crystal mixtures. The invention furthermore relates to compounds of the formula I, in which the parameters are as defined in the text, to their preparation, and to their use for achieving certain specific resistance values in liquid-crystal mixtures. The application also relates to a method of adjusting the specific resistance of liquid-crystal mixtures using acidic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glucopyranosyl-oxybenzylbenzene derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a carbamoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkyl) group, a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkoxy) group etc.; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; and R3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkyl) group, a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkoxy) group, a substituted or unsubstituted(lower alkylthio) group etc., or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have an inhibitory activity in human SGLT2 and are useful as agents for the prevention or treatment of a disease associated with hyperglycemia such as diabetes, diabetic complication or obesity, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing an alkali metal salt of a hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbon which comprises the steps of (i) contacting in solvent media at least one hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbon with a base comprising an alkali metal cation; and (ii) devolatilizing the solvent media comprising alkali metal salt by adding or spraying the solvent media into a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent, said solvent being at a temperature greater than the boiling point of solvent media at the prevailing pressure. In one embodiment the solvent media comprises water, and optionally at least one water-soluble protic organic solvent.

Abstract: The goal of this invention is to produce phenol of high purity by conversion of impurities that are present in the starting phenol, which is produced by the decomposition of cumyl hydroperoxide. The indicated goal is achieved by purifying the phenol containing admixtures of aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds with an aluminum zirconium catalyst.

Abstract: A reaction product comprising an adduct of a mid-range vinylidene content PIB polymer composition and maleic anhydride, a phenolic compound or a compound having a reactive site for subsequent amination. The PIB composition comprises a relatively low molecular weight, mid-range vinylidene content PIB polymer product wherein at least about 90% of the PIB molecules present in the product comprise alpha or beta position isomers. The vinylidene (alpha) isomer content of the product may range from 20% to 70% thereof and the content of tetra-substituted internal double bonds is very low, preferably less than about 5% and ideally less than about 1–2%. The mid-range vinylidene content PIB polymer products may be prepared employing a liquid phase polymerization process conducted in a loop reactor at a temperature of at least 60° F. using a BF3/methanol catalyst complex and a contact time of no more than 4 minutes.

Abstract: A spirofluorenol such as 3?,9?-dimethoxy-5?-hydroxyspiro[(1H-cyclopent[d,e,f]phenanthrene)-1,7?-benzo[c]fluorene] is produced by protecting a hydroxyl group bonded to a particular fluorenone compound such as 3,9-dimethoxy-5-hydroxybenzo[c]fluorene-7-one with “a substituted silyl group in which the sum of carbon atoms of substituents bonded to a silicon atom is 5 to 12”, such as a t-butyldimethylsilyl group, then, reacting the fluorenone compound with a particular organometal compound such as 1-lithiophenanthrene so as to be transformed into a spiro form and, then, removing the protection therefrom. This method makes it possible to efficiently produce the spirofluorenol which is useful as a starting material for producing photochromic compounds.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a material which resolves the drawbacks associated with polyimide polymers, and yet retains the advantages offered by conventional polyimide polymers. An amino group containing phenol derivative of the present invention is represented by a general formula (1) show below, and the present invention also provides a polyimide precursor produced using such an amino group containing phenol derivative. (wherein, R1, R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 9 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a COOR group (in which R represents an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or a hydrogen atom; R4 and R5, which may be the same or different, each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 9 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom; X represents —O—, —S—, —SO2—, —C(CH3)2—, —CH2—, —C(CH3)(C2H5)—, or —C(CF3)2—; and n represents an integer of 1 or greater).

Abstract: This invention refers to a process for the synthesis of phenol and acetone starting from cumene hydroperoxide, and to a plant specifically developed for performing this process. More in particular, this invention refers to a process for the synthesis of phenol and acetone starting from cumene hydroperoxide, comprising the following steps: a) Pretreating of the starting cumene hydroperoxide with acidic resins, to obtain cumene hydroperoxide free of inorganic cations; b) Decomposing of the cumene hydroperoxide free of inorganic cations originating from the step (a) in the presence of acidic resins, to yield phenol and acetone.

Abstract: Demethylation of 3?, 4?-dimethoxy or 3?, 4?, 5?-trimethoxy benzoic ester of a phenol is carried out in the presence of an excess of aluminum halide in an organic solvent to get 4?-Hydroxy, 3?-methoxy or 4? hydroxy, 3?, 5?-dimethoxy benzoic acid ester of a phenol. The reaction is also applicable to 3?, 4?, 5?-trimethoxy diaryl ketone and some natural products like reserpine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benzylphenol derivatives represented by the general formula: wherein R11 represents a hydrogen atom or a protected hydroxy(lower alkyl) group; and R12 represents a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group, a protected hydroxy(lower alkyl) group, a protected hydroxy(lower alkoxy) group, a protected hydroxy(lower alkylthio) group, a lower alkoxy-substituted (lower alkyl) group, a lower alkoxy-substituted (lower alkoxy) group or a lower alkoxy-substituted (lower alkylthio) group; with the proviso that R12 is not a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group or a methoxy group when R11 is a hydrogen atom, or a salt thereof, which are used as intermediates for making glucopyranosyloxybenzylbenzene compounds having inhibitory activity in human SGLT2 and are useful in treating diseases associated with hyperglycemia, such as diabetes.

Abstract: In a process for producing bisphenol A, an adduct of bisphenol A with phenol is promptly recovered in highly purity and high efficiency from a reaction mother liquor in the case of singling out bisphenol A from a reaction product. An adduct layer of bisphenol A with phenol is formed by crystallizing an adduct of bisphenol A with phenol from a solution of bisphenol A in phenol to form a slurry, the bisphenol A being produced by reacting phenol and acetone in the presence of an acid catalyst, subjecting the resultant slurry to a solid-liquid separation treatment, and thereafter removing the phenol from solid components, characterized by pouring onto a filter, a slurry solution of bisphenol A in phenol, the slurry solution containing in a crystalline state, an adduct of bisphenol A having an average particle size in the range of 0.05 to 1 mm with phenol, and filtering the slurry solution under reduced pressure in an atmosphere of an inert gas stream at 30 to 80° C.

Abstract: A process produces an aromatic compound by bringing an aromatic compound (B) into contact with molecular oxygen (C) in the presence of a catalyst (A) comprising at least one of (A1) a heteropolyacid and/or a salt thereof, and (A2) a mixture of oxoacids and/or salts thereof containing, as a whole, one of P and Si and at least one selected from V, Mo and W to thereby yield another aromatic compound (G) than the aromatic compound (B). The process can produce, for example, a corresponding aromatic hydroxy compound (G1) by allowing the aromatic compound (B) to react with the molecular oxygen (C) further in the presence of a reducing agent (D).

Abstract: There is disclosed an optically active salicylideneaminoalcohol compound of formula (1): wherein R1 represents an alkyl group or the like, R2 represents an aryl group and the like, and when X1 represents a nitro, X2 is a hydrogen atom, when X1 represents a chlorine atom, X2 is a chlorine atom, and when X1 is a hydrogen atom, X2 is a fluorine atom; and the carbon atom denoted by “*” is an asymmetric carbon atom having either an S or R configuration, and a chiral copper complex produced from the optically active salicylidenaminoalcohol compound and a copper compound.

Abstract: A bioengineered synthesis scheme for the production of quinic acid from a carbon source is provided. Methods of producing quinic acid from a carbon source based on the synthesis scheme as well as conversion of quinic acid to hydroquinone are also provided.

Abstract: A method of preparing block copolymers by solid state polymerization is described. A mixture of a partially crystalline polycarbonate having activated terminal aryloxy groups, for example terminal methyl salicyl groups, when heated together with an oligomeric polyester having reactive terminal hydroxy groups under solid state polymerization conditions affords block copolymers. The activated terminal aryloxy groups play a key role in preserving the block lengths of the starting materials. A control sample in which the partially crystalline polycarbonate lacks activated terminal aryloxy groups, for example polycarbonates substituted by phenol, affords a much lower molecular weight, more highly randomized copolymer product. The product block copolymers are useful as “weatherable” plastic materials.

Abstract: Catalysts useful for oxidation reactions are disclosed. The catalysts comprise a polymer-encapsulated titanium zeolite. The catalysts are easy to prepare and use, they are easy to recover and reuse, and they provide good conversions in a variety of important oxidation processes. The invention includes a process which comprises oxidizing an organic compound in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and a polymer-encapsulated titanium zeolite. In one example, the organic compound is propylene and the reaction product is propylene oxide.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of phenol characterized in that the phenol is obtained by means of the hydrodeoxygenation of benzene-diols with hydrogen, operating in continuous, in an aqueous solution, at temperatures ranging from 250 to 500° C., at pressures of 1-100 bar and in the presence of a catalyst based on elements of group VIB or group VIII of the periodic table.

Abstract: Optical systems such as, for example, optical switches, are disclosed comprising a solid component and a refractive index-matching liquid composition interfaced with the solid component. The liquid composition has a refractive-index that is substantially equal to that of the solid component. In one approach the liquid composition is a saturated cyclic compound consisting essentially of carbon and hydrogen and optionally oxygen such as, e.g., cyclic alkanes, alcohols or ketones. In another approach the liquid composition is benzene substituted with one or more electron-donating groups attached directly to the ring and one of more fluoro groups attached to the ring or to the electron-donating groups. In yet another approach the liquid composition is a combination comprising one or more of benzene or substituted benzene and optionally at least one of an alkane or substituted alkane having a boiling point less than about 130° C.

Abstract: A method and installation for separating and purifying a crude mixture containing hydroquinone, resorcinol and possibly tars and/or catechol, comprising the following steps: —a possible distillation stage (I) in order to obtain a catechol head, —the foot (I) or crude mixture undergoes distillation (II) in order to obtain a fraction that is rich in resorcinol, —the foot of (II) undergoes distillation (III) in order to obtain a fraction that is rich in hydroquinone, whereupon said rich fractions are refined (IV or V). Preferably, one or several stages in which tar is removed (I,I?) precede stage (I) or (II).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the catalytic conversion of organic carbonate to the corresponding alcohol, wherein the organic carbonate is contacted with alcohol and/or water in the presence of a zinc supported catalyst.

Abstract: A method of treating osteoporosis in warm-blooded animals comprising administering to warm-blooded animals in need thereof an effective amount to treat osteoporosis of a compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of the formula: wherein the substituents are defined as in the Specification.

Abstract: A process for preparing toluene derivatives of the formula I 1

Abstract: A catalyst for acidolysis of an aromatic hydroperoxy compound, containing little scale, prepared by gasifying liquid sulfuric anhydride and dissolving gasified sulfuric anhydride in a ketone solvent, and a process for producing a hydroxy aromatic compound using the catalyst.

Abstract: There is disclosed an optically active salicylideneaminoalcohol compound of formula (1): wherein R1 represents an alkyl group or the like, R2 represents an aryl group and the like, and when X1 represents a nitro, X2 is a hydrogen atom, when X1 represents a chlorine atom, X2 is a chlorine atom, and when X1 is a hydrogen atom, X2 is a fluorine atom; and the carbon atom denoted by “*” is an asymmetric carbon atom having either an S or R configuration, and a chiral copper complex produced from the optically active salicylidenaminoalcohol compound and a copper compound.

Abstract: A silicone composition is provided which comprises a vulcanizable adhesive formulation which comprises at least one oxygen-substituted allyl aromatic compound, a vinyl-containing polydiorganosiloxane, a hydrogen-containing polysiloxane, and a catalytic amount of a hydrosilylation catalyst. Further embodiments of the present invention include the oxygen-substituted allyl aromatic compound which provides adhesion to a substrate when present in a silicone composition and a method to provide cohesive failure to a silicone composition and a polyamide substrate.

Abstract: A bioengineered synthesis scheme for the production of quinic acid from a carbon source is provided. Methods of producing quinic acid from a carbon source based on the synthesis scheme as well as conversion of quinic acid to hydroquinone are also provided.

Abstract: A method of preparing polyestercarbonates is presented in which a mixture of at least one activated diaryl carbonate is reacted under melt polymerization conditions with at least one aromatic dihydroxy compound together with at least one dicarboxylic acid. Polyestercarbonates possessing up to about percent 10 mole dicarboxylic acid residues based on the total amount of structural units derived from aromatic dihydroxy compounds are obtained. The method provides both for high levels of incorporation of the dicarboxylic acid into the polyestercarbonate backbone and a high level of polymer endcapping.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composition capable of being hydrolyzed by a cutaneous enzyme, glucocerebrosidase. The active precursor is advantageously a gluco-conjugate derived from phenol whereof the two &agr; carbons are free. The invention also concerns the use of such compositions against light-induced skin ageing or for making a medicine for treating certain skin diseases. The invention further concerns novel glucosylated compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides a resorcinol derivative and a method of using the resorcinol derivative to attenuate the growth of a neoplasm.

Abstract: Novel intermediates of Formula IV wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification and a process for preparing the same.

Abstract: Reaction of a phenol with a metal salt of an alcohol produces a metal phenolate salt of a phenol. When a hindered phenol is used a hindered metal phenolate is produced. Such hindered metal phenolate salts are useful in driving the synthesis reaction of hindered phenol esters and phosphite esters to completion.

Abstract: The cleavage product from the acid-catalyzed cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide into phenol and acetone is subjected to thermal after-treatment by a process, which comprises heating the cleavage product in a reactor, wherein the heat supplied for the thermal treatment is the heat generated by at least one exothermic reaction which occurs in the reactor. The exothermic reaction which proceeds in the cleavage product is preferably the cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide.

Abstract: A process for condensing at least one carbonyl compound carrying at least one electron-withdrawing group with an aromatic derivative carrying at least one hydroxyl functional group, wherein the electron-withdrawing group present on the carbonyl compound is selected from fluoroalkyl derivatives, esters, including orthoesters, and nitriles and said condensation is carried out in a basic medium.