Abstract: A compound of formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, wherein Ph is a phenyl radical R1 is H, OH, OC1-4alkyl, NO2; R2 is OH, OC1-4alkyl, OC═OC1-4alkyl or OC═OPh where the Ph can be optionally substituted by halogen, C1-3 alkyl or NO2; R1 and R2 along with the two carbon atoms of the phenyl ring to which they are attached can combine to form a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, S or N; R3 is an optionally substituted hydroycarby radical; R4 is H, CH3, OH or ═O; when R4 is ═O, then the carbon to which R4 is attached is not bonded to H; W is C(═O)—CH2, CH═CH—, CH2CO, CH(OH)—CH2, C(CH3)(OH)CH2, CH2CH(OH), CH2C(CH3)OH, CO, CHOH, C(CH3)(OH), CH2, CH2CH2; X is —CH—OH, C(CH3)OH, CH2, CH(CH3) or —C═O; Y is —CH—OH, C(CH3)OH, CH2, CH(CH3) or —C═O; provided that one of W, X or Y has an OH group.

Abstract: The present invention is a high-quality bisphenol A wherein the content of sodium is not more than 80 ppb and the content of each element of the group A consisting of iron, nickel, chromium, manganese, lead, and molybdenum is not more than 50 ppb, or a high-quality bisphenol A containing an organic compound such as 9,9′-dimethylxanthene, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,4-trimethylchroman, 2,2,4-trimethyl-chromene, etc., in an amount of lower than a specific amount, and a preparation process of these high-quality bisphenol A. When an aromatic polycarbonate is prepared using the high-quality bisphenol of the invention, an aromatic polycarbonate which is not colored at the preparation thereof and molding the polycarbonate.

Abstract: A tubular reactor characterized by having short static mixing elements separated by coalescing zones is used to conduct multiphase liquid/liquid reactions. Small droplets of one of the phases are dispersed into the other phase by the static mixing elements. These droplets coalesce and at least partially phase separate as the mixture passes through the subsequent coalescing zone. The tubular reactor is particularly suitable for nitrating organic compounds while forming low levels of improperly nitrated by-products and low levels of nitrophenolics.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of compounds present in a mixture containing residues of heavy products is provided. The process includes conducting a reaction and distillation to obtain the compounds and residues and macerating the residues before they can set to mass. The residues can then be destroyed. The process is particularly suitable for the treatment of the residues obtained in the preparation of phenol from cumene.

Abstract: The present invention describes novel nitrosated and/or nitrosylated phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and novel compositions containing at least one nitrosated and/or nitrosylated phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and, optionally, one or more compounds that donate, transfer or release nitric oxide, elevate endogenous levels of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, stimulate endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and/or one or more vasoactive agents. The present invention also provides novel compositions containing at least one phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and one or more compounds that donate, transfer or release nitric oxide, elevate endogenous levels of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, stimulate endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and/or one or more vasoactive agents.

Abstract: A method and a catalyst are described for selective oxidation of aromatic compounds (e.g., benzene and its derivatives) into hydroxylated aromatic compounds (e.g., corresponding phenols). For example, benzene can be converted into phenol with a yield of at least 30-40%, and a selectivity on the basis of benzene of at least 95-97%. The selectivity for this reaction based on N2O is at least 90-95%. Therefore, no substantial N2O decomposition or consumption for complete benzene oxidation to CO+CO2 or other side products occurs. Similar results are obtained with benzene derivatives (e.g., fluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, phenol), although the selectivity is somewhat lower in the case of derivatives (e.g., about 80-85% in the case of fluorosubstituted benzenes). A preferred catalyst for this process is a composition containing a high-silica pentasil-type zeolite (e.g, an HZSM-5 type zeolite) which contains no purposefully introduced additives such as transition or noble metals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of neutralizing residual acid species in crude dihydric phenol comprising the step of introducing a thermally stable organic base selected from the group consisting of tetraalkyl phosphonium hydroxides, tetraorganophosphonium carboxylic acid salts, or a mixture thereof into the crude dihydric phenol.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic hydroxyl compound alkylated at the ortho position in high yield by subjecting an aromatic hydroxyl compound and-an alkyl alcohol to a gas phase catalytic reaction in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst. The aromatic hydroxyl compound is a mixture of a phenol and ortho cresol, and the amount of ortho cresol in the mixture is 0.6 mole or less per 1 mole of phenol.

Abstract: A process for producing bis(4-hydroxyaryl)alkane is disclosed. The process comprise in sequence the steps of (a) passing inert gas through a melt at 150 to 230° C. that contains bis(4-hydroxyaryl)alkane and other aromatic hydroxy compounds, under conditions designed to remove said other aromatic hydroxy compounds from said melt and to obtain a stream of inert gas that contains said other aromatic hydroxy compounds (b) condensing the stream obtained in (a) to remove said other aromatic hydroxy compound, and to obtain a stream of inert gas, and (c) purifying and compressing the stream of inert gas obtained in (b), and recycling to step (a).

Abstract: A method and a catalyst are described for selective oxidation of aromatic compounds (e.g., benzene and its derivatives) into hydroxylated aromatic compounds (e.g., corresponding phenols). For example, benzene can be converted into phenol with a yield of at least 30-40%, and a selectivity on the basis of benzene of at least 95-97%. The selectivity for this reaction based on N2O is at least 90-95%. Therefore, no substantial N2O decomposition or consumption for complete benzene oxidation to CO+CO2 or other side products occurs. Similar results are obtained with benzene derivatives (e.g., fluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, phenol), although the selectivity is somewhat lower in the case of derivatives (e.g., about 80-85% in the case of fluorosubstituted benzenes). A preferred catalyst for this process is a composition containing a high-silica pentasil-type zeolite (e.g, an HZSM-5 type zeolite) which contains no purposefully introduced additives such as transition or noble metals.

Abstract: By bringing a p-butylphenol compound or m-butylphenol compound in the gas phase into contact with a solid acid catalyst, i.e., a silica-alumina catalyst or alumina catalyst while heating, butyl groups are removed from the butylphenol compound and at the same time, highly purified isobutylene is recovered.

Abstract: There is disclosed an optically active salicylideneaminoalcohol compound of formula (1): 1

Abstract: The present invention describes novel nitrosated and/or nitrosylated phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and novel compositions containing at least one nitrosated and/or nitrosylated phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and, optionally, one or more compounds that donate, transfer or release nitric oxide, elevate endogenous levels of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, stimulate endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and/or one or more vasoactive agents. The present invention also provides novel compositions containing at least one phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and one or more compounds that donate, transfer or release nitric oxide, elevate endogenous levels of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, stimulate endogenous synthesis of nitric oxide or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and/or one or more vasoactive agents.

Abstract: Preparation of 2,5-dichlorophenol by selectively oxidizing 1,4-dichlorobenzene using a peroxo-, hydroperoxo-, superoxo- or alkylperoxo-metal species in the presence of form or an alkanoic acid.

Abstract: A new family of stannosilicate molecular sieves which have the zeolite beta structure are disclosed. These molecular sieves have a three dimensional framework structure composed of SnO2 and SiO2 tetrahedral oxide units and at least one of TiO2 or GeO2 tetrahedral oxide units and have an empirical formula of: (SnxTiySi1-x-y-zGez)2 where “x”, “y” and “z” are the mole fractions of tin, titanium and germanium respectively (“y” and “z” are not simultaneously zero). Processes for the selective oxidation of organic compounds with peroxides using the molecular sieves as catalysts is also presented.

Abstract: A compound having the formula wherein R5 is an [A]—CH3, —[A]—C(OH)ZZ′ or —[A]—C(O)Z″ grouping where —[A]— is an alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene radical or a single bond, and Z, Z′ and Z″ are a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl radical; and R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, R7 and R8 are as defined in the description; the use thereof as a drug, pharmaceutical compositions containing same, a preparation method therefor, and intermediates of said method, are disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for the preparation of a compound of the formula I 1

Abstract: New phenolic compounds of formula (I) 1

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, compounds, and compositions for treating a disease associated with immune dysfunction. In accordance with the method, a pharmacologically-acceptable composition including at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of 5-alkyl-resorcinol derivatives, cannabinol derivatives, cannabidiol derivatives, cannabigerol derivatives, and combinations thereof is administered to a patient under conditions sufficient to attenuate the dysfunction within the immune system. The invention also provides an antiviral cannabinol derivative that can be used in the inventive method. The invention also provides an alkylated resorcinol derivative and a method of using the alkylated resorcinol derivative to attenuate the growth of a neoplasm. The method and compound are useful for treating diseases of the immune system, such as HIV disease and neoplastic disorders.

Abstract: A new two-step process for the preparation and industrial manufacture of calixarenes is disclosed. In the first step, linear phenolic oligomers are prepared in a basic medium from an optionally substituted phenol and a formaldehyde source. The reaction mixture is then neutralized or acidified, and cyclization of the oligomers is brought about at higher temperatures in the same reaction medium which is made water free and optionally completed by higher boiling liquids. The process allows a definite control of the cyclic compounds to be synthesized. Furthermore, novel calixarene compounds are disclosed as well as an installation for carrying out the process on a laboratory or industrial scale.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 5-benzylhexanol-2 and a perfume composition comprising the same. The perfume composition according to the present invention has a floral scent, high stability and, in the mixture system of a product, excellent scent lasting property.

Abstract: The present invention provides new methods for the treatment of viral hepatitis C involving the administration of vitamin E and other compounds with antioxidant properties. Treatment with high doses of vitamin E is effective in treating chronic hepatitis C in patients refractory to interferon. In addition, new methods are described for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis and hepatic conditions manifesting hepatic fibrosis involving the administration of butylated hydroxytoluene and a metabolite of pentoxifylline, 1-[3-carboxypropyl]-3, 7-dimethylxanthine. Furthermore, new methods are described for the treatment and prevention of hepatic disorders involving the use of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol derivatives.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the manufacture of phenolic compounds by separating a neutralized aralkyl hydroperoxide cleavage mass stream containing salts of neutralization into a crude ketone stream and a crude phenolic stream containing the salts of neutralization; separating the crude phenolic stream into a concentrated phenolic-rich stream, enriched in phenolic compounds, and a crude phenolic bottoms stream enriched in tars and alpha methyl styrene dimers, each compared to the crude phenolic stream, said crude phenolic bottoms stream containing salts of neutralization; to the crude phenolic bottoms stream, adding water and a diluent composition, thereby forming a phase separable crude phenolic bottoms stream, said diluent composition comprised of hydrocarbons phase compatible with the crude phenolic bottoms stream and having a combined density lower than the density of the crude phenolic bottoms stream; separating the separable crude phenolic bottoms stream into a hydrocarbon phase and an aqueous phase

Abstract: A process is provided for increasing the fluorine content of benzene or pyridine rings which are optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 inert substituents. The process involves (a) contacting the ring with a metal fluoride composition comprising cupric fluoride (CuF.sub.2) at a temperature above 250.degree. C. sufficient to transfer F from cupric fluoride to the optionally substituted ring, thereby chemically reducing the metal fluoride composition; (b) oxidizing the reduced metal fluoride composition from (a) in the presence of HF to regenerate a metal fluoride composition comprising cupric fluoride; and (c) employing regenerated metal fluoride composition of (b) in (a).

Abstract: New methods are described for the treatment of viral hepatitis C involving the administration of vitamin E and other compounds with antioxidant properties. Treatment with high doses of vitamin E is effective in treating chronic hepatitis C in patients refractory to interferon. In addition, new methods are described for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis and hepatic conditions manifesting hepatic fibrosis involving the administration of butylated hydroxytoluene and a metabolite of pentoxifylline, 1-[3-carboxypropyl]-3, 7-dimethylxanthine.

Abstract: A preparation process of an acetylene derivative comprising reacting a compound having a skeleton represented by the formula (1): ##STR1## in the molecular formula with a compound represented by the formula (2): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are individually an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and can be the same or different, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 can bond each other to form a ring, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can be bond each other to form one or two heterocyclic rings: or with a compound represented by the formula (3): wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same as in the formula (2), and X.sub.1 is a ##STR3## chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.

Abstract: Compounds of ethynyl aromatic compounds form polymers which have high thermal stability. The monomers are useful for coating a wide variety of substances such as dielectric coatings where high thermal resistance is desirable including electronic components such as computer chips.

Abstract: Liquid-liquid extraction is used for the removal of phenolics from wastewater streams using an ether extractant which has a high partition coefficient and a low solubility in water such as methyl tertiary-butyl ether. The resulting phenolics-ether mixture may be separated by distillation or by the use of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide to form a phenate in an aqueous phase and the ether in an organic phase followed by phase separation. Any ether dissolved in the wastewater is removed by distillation or the solubility of the ether in the wastewater is retarded by adding an aqueous alkali salt solution. In the distillation embodiment, an environmentally acceptable wastewater is readily obtained. In the salt treatment embodiment, the wastewater is suitable for treatment in the overall plant complex associated with the phenol/acetone plant.

Abstract: A novel glycerol derivative, a process for preparing the same, and a process for preparing a triazole derivative. An optically active 2-arylglycerol derivative which is novel and useful as a synthetic intermediate of medicament is provided, and furthermore, (R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-propane-1,2-diol, which is useful as an antifungal agent, is prepared.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydroxylation of phenolic compounds and, more particularly, to a process for the hydroxylation of phenols and phenolic ethers with hydrogen peroxide. The invention relates to a process for the hydroxylation of phenolic compounds using hydrogen peroxide, said process being characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of an effective quantity of at least one rare earth or bismuth triflate.

Abstract: Methods/systems for making a relatively high-purity bisphenol A product from phenol and acetone. Controlled turbulence is used to form bisphenol A adduct solids having improved physical properties. Phenol is separated from the bisphenol A product while inhibiting decomposition of bisphenol A.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating aromatic compounds in which at least one hydroxyl group is bonded to an aromatic ring comprises bringing at least one of these compounds into contact with free hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises ruthenium and, if desired, at least one metal of transition groups I, VII and VIII in an amount of from 0.01 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst, applied to a support, where the support has a mean pore diameter of at least 0.1 .mu.m, preferably at least 0.5 .mu.m, and a surface area of at most 15 m.sup.2 /g, preferably at most 10 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A zeolite catalyst for hydroxylating benzene to phenol is treated hydrothermally with a gas comprising approximately 1-100 mole percent water at a temperature between approximately 350.degree.-950.degree. C., and subsequently is treated with an acid. This treatment selectively removes aluminum species from the zeolite catalyst in a manner that increases catalyst stability in phenol production without reducing the activity of the catalyst.

Abstract: Bifunctional compounds of the formula (I), ##STR1## in which: ##STR2## are naphthalene-2,6-diyl or ##STR3## is naphthalene-2,6-diyl or ##STR4## U, X, Y and Z are --CH.dbd., --CF.dbd. and --N.dbd., with the proviso that --CF.dbd. and --N.dbd. may each only be represented at most twice per six-membered ring, and that --CF.dbd. and --N.dbd. may not at the same time be represented twice in a six-membered ring;Hal is Cl, Br or I; or H, if X and/or Y are --CF.dbd.R.sup.3 is CH.sub.3 or OCH.sub.3l is 0 or 1m and n are 0, 1, 2 or 3.The compounds of the formula I are useful intermediates for the preparation of liquid-crystalline mixtures.

Abstract: A zeolite catalyst, which can be used in a process for hydroxylating benzene to phenol, is treated with an aqueous solution containing ferric or ferrous ions, and is treated with an aqueous solution containing dithionate ions. The treated catalyst exhibits improved selectivity and stability in the benzene hydroxylation process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reaction and dissolving medium for the synthesis of peptides. This reaction and dissolving medium for peptide synthesis and/or purification comprises a diluent A chosen from a group of water-immiscible solvents and a phenol B. This peptide synthesis can be used to synthesize medicaments, vaccines, agro-foodstuff products or plant protection products.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of substituted phenols, in particular, the condensation of phenols having one or more alkyl substituents with a butadiene derivative comprising at least six carbon atoms, in particular myrcene and/or .beta.-springene is disclosed. The cyclization, in the form of chromans, of the products obtained during this condensation and their hydrogenation in order to prepare vitamin E is also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel pharmaceutically/cosmetically-active aromatic polyenic compounds have the structural formula (I): ##STR1## and are useful for the treatment of a wide variety of disease states, whether human or veterinary, for example dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular, bone and ophthalmological disorders, as well as for the treatment of mammalian skin and hair conditions/disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound selected from these of formula (I): ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and B are as defined in the description, their enantiomers and diastereoisomers, their Z and E isomers, and their addition salts with a pharmaceutically-acceptable acid or base, and medicinal products containing the same which is useful for treating a disorder selected from an inflammatory disorder and a pathological inflammatory condition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reagent which is useful for cleaving an alkoxycarbonyl group from a functional group which it is protecting and to a process for using this reagent. This reagent comprises a phenol, a diluent, and a hydrohalic or hydropseudohalic acid, the acidity of which is at least equal to that of formic acid. The method is advantageously applied in the synthesis of peptides.

Abstract: A composition comprising A) an aqueous solution wherein the total content of 3-isothiazolinones is below 8 wt/%, and B) a stabilizing compound of the formula:[R.sub.x A--C.sub.6 H.sub.2 R.sup.1 R.sup.2 ].sub.y --Zwherein:R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represents hydrogen, a straight-chained or branched or cyclic alkyl radical, aralkyl or aryl;A is oxygen or nitrogen;Z represents AR.sub.x, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, alkoxy methylene, methylene or alkylidene;provided that when A is oxygen, x is 0 or 1 and when A is nitrogen, x is 1 or 2; and y is 1 or 2;exhibits improved stability.

Abstract: Disclosed are liquid alkylphenyl poly(oxypropylene) aminocarbamates which do not form a wax when cooled to -40.degree. C. in a 50 weight percent solution with toluene, said aminocarbamates having at least one basic nitrogen and an average molecular weight of about 600 to 6,000 and wherein the alkyl group is substantially straight-chain of from 25 to 50 carbon atoms. Also disclosed are fuel compositions and concentrates as well as lubricating oil compositions and concentrates containing said alkylphenyl poly(oxypropylene) aminocarbamates.

Abstract: This invention embodies a process for releasing acidic organic compounds in high yield and good purity from aqueous solutions of their salts which comprises converting the salts by carbon dioxide to their corresponding free acidic organic compounds and metal hydrogen carbonates, removing the acidic organic compounds from the mixture by extraction with an essentially water-insoluble organic solvent, and re-extracting the organic phase with carbon dioxide containing water. Using this process, the acidic organic compounds are completely released from their corresponding salts, i.e., the organic solution is free of salt. The acidic organic compounds released by the claimed process are organic compounds which contain acidic protons which can be replaced by metals. Some examples are carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, phosphonic acids, phenols, naphthols, and aliphatic alcohols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-surface staining, light stable antioxidant compounds which reduce the fading, decoloration and degradation of various surfaces, ie., fabrics, from sunlight. These antioxidant compounds are butylated hydroxytoluene and sorbic acid derivatives, containing at least one C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 hydrocarbon fatty amine organic moiety and are either solid materials having a melting point of less than about 80.degree. Celsius, or are liquids at a temperature of less than about 40.degree. Celsius.

Abstract: A metal salt or boron compound of a hydrocarbyl-substituted aromatic hydroxy compound having at least two hydroxy-substituted aromatic rings bridged by sulfur, where at least one aromatic ring bears a substituent ortho to a hydroxy group, provides a useful lubricant additive. The substituent on the aromatic ring is an .alpha.-hydroxy aliphatic hydrocarbyl group or a --C(O)R.sup.2 group, where R.sup.2 is hydrogen or aliphatic hydrocarbyl. Preferred salts are magnesium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a unique and novel way of producing vinyl phenols such as p-vinyl phenol (4-hydroxystyrene--HSM). In this new process, p-.alpha.-aminoethylphenol (AEP) is heated under suitable deamination conditions of temperature and pressure and for a sufficient period of time to form the 4-hydroxystyrene (HSM).

Abstract: 4,4'-Dihydroxy-alpha-alkylstilbenes of high purity are prepared by reacting at a temperature of from about -20.degree. C. to about 20.degree. C. a mixture of (1) at least one alpha-haloketone, (2) at least one phenolic hydroxyl-containing compound or alkoxy-containing aromatic compound, and (3) at least one strong protonic acid or Lewis acid; such that the mole ratio of phenolic hydroxyl-containing compound or alkoxy-containing aromatic compound:alpha-haloketone(s) is from 0.1:1 to 1.9:1, and the mole ratio of phenolic hydroxyl-containing compound or alkoxy-containing aromatic compound:alpha-haloketone(s):strong protonic acid or Lewis acid is from about 0.1:1:0.0026 to about 1.9:1:0.95. The high purity 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-alkylstilbenes are useful for the advancement of epoxy resins, for the preparation of phenoxy resins and for the preparation of epoxy resins.

Abstract: An ion-exchanger catalyst in the form of an acid ion-exchanger resin used for the synthesis process of alkylated phenols and having substitutes containing 6-12 carbon atoms in a chain is treated with phenol alkylation having olefins in the presence of acid catalysts such as acid ion-exchange resins.

Abstract: Novel pharmaceutically/cosmetically-active aromatic polyenic compounds have the structural formula (I): and are useful for the treatment of a wide variety of disease states, whether human or veterinary, for example dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular, bone and ophthalmological disorders, as well as for the treatment of mammalian skin and hair conditions/disorders.

Abstract: Zeolite catalysts useful for the production of phenol and its derivatives by oxidative hydroxylation of benzene and its derivatives by nitrous oxide, e.g. at temperatures of 225.degree.-450.degree. C., having substantially enhanced process characteristics resulting from hydrothermal treatment using a gas containing from about 3 to 100 mole percent water vapor, e.g. in nitrogen, at a temperature ranging from about 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. Two hours of hydrothermal treatment has been shown to be effective.