Abstract: A method and apparatus for pre-calibrating capacitive-type fuel quantity probes is proposed in which a voltage divider excitation source is connected to the low impedence electrode of the probe and is used to trim the apparent capacitance down to within a small tolerance of .+-.0.1% of the precise design value for the probe.

Abstract: The fuel injection quantity of a fuel injection apparatus provided with a fuel injection pump is electrically regulated by means of the opening duration of a metering valve. Additionally, a shift in the instant of supply onset controlled in accordance with operating characteristics is attained by means of a change in the return-flow fuel quantity, which is diverted into a refill reservoir and then refilled completely into the pump work chamber by the beginning of the next subsequent injection stroke. Serving as the sole connection between the refill reservoir and a pump work chamber is an overflow conduit, which is opened by two control locations on the pump piston at the end of a supply and shortly prior to the bottom dead center. Both the pump cylinder with the pressure valve and the refill reservoir and the metering valve are inserted in a leak-fuel-proof manner in a cylinder head of the pump housing, which is embodied in two parts.

Abstract: An adjusting device in a fuel injection pump including a pivotable lever with a stop on one end which limits the movement of a quantity adjusting device counter to a spring force, a stepping motor including an adjusting device which actuates said lever for adjusting said stop which limits movement of the quantity adjusting device.

Abstract: The fuel injection quantity of a fuel injection apparatus provided with a fuel injection pump is electrically regulated by means of the opening duration of a metering valve. Additionally, a shift in the instant of supply onset controlled in accordance with operating characteristics is attained by means of a change in the return-flow fuel quantity, which is diverted into a refill reservoir and then refilled completely into the pump work chamber by the beginning of the next subsequent injection stroke. Serving as the sole connection between the refill reservoir and a pump work chamber is an overflow conduit, the overflow opening of which, located at the discharge location into the pump work chamber, is opened by two control locations on the pump piston at the end of supply and once again shortly before bottom dead center.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines having a hollow needle in which a valve needle is displaceably supported, which cooperates with an internal valve seat of the hollow needle. Associated with the valve needle are a valve spring and a stop attached to the housing, which restrain the valve needle with respect to the hollow needle as it moves in the opening direction, thus opening the valve. The closing movement of the hollow needle is limited by a stop on the nozzle body, which with a counterpart shoulder on the hollow needle efficaciously forms a shield with respect to the combustion chamber for the bearing gap between the hollow needle and the nozzle body. The hollow needle may advantageously be embodied as a closing member opening outward and cooperating with the nozzle body in order to control further injection openings.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus having an auxiliary pump for pilot and main injections in internal combustion engines, in which a pilot injection quantity pumped by a low-pressure pump is stored ahead of a pilot injection piston embodied as a pressure piston, which is driven by a following but coaxially disposed intermediate piston, upon pumping by the high-pressure injection pump, and as a result positively displaces the pilot injection quantity. Both pistons are supported in an intermediate element between the connection piece of an injection valve and the nozzle holder of the valve. The intermediate element combines not only the elements for the auxiliary pump but also the leak-off bores from the nozzles with the leak-off removal means of the two-part stepped piston supported therein.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the individual manipulated variables of an internal combustion engine such as a gas turbine or the like derived on the basis of given and measured operating characteristics such as rpm and temperature, including a computer having associated programs for control and data detection or data output and the various program courses take place preferably in alternation. The control program is interrupted at fixed times, and during the interruption, a special program for data detection or data output is performed. The method of the invention makes input data available continuously, which then can be called up during the normal control program course from working memories and from time to time input and output data is brought up to the most recent state.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, having a valve seat that is part of the housing and a valve needle, which has a conical throttling pintle, which during a first partial stroke of the valve needle dips into a conical injection port. The valve seat is formed inside the injection port and the sealing face or sealing edge of the valve needle merges in an unstepped manner with the throttling pintle, the conical angle of which is only slightly larger than the conical angle of the injection port. As a result of this disposition, a sealed closure of the injection port is attained, and carbonization of the throttle gap is substantially avoided.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine has at least one combustion chamber, an inlet conduit leading to it, and an adjustable means for varying flows of a medium, such as air or a fuel-air mixture, flowing into the combustion chamber for the sake of an optimized acceleration of curves defined by the process of combustion, so that economical engine operation is attained while producing as little in the way of toxic exhaust gas components as possible. An adjusting motor acting upon the means is controlled by a regulator, which is connected via a comparator with a set-point value transducer and an actual-value transducer. The actual-value transducer includes an optoelectric sensor connected to the combustion chamber for measuring the curves of combustion. The set-point value transducer indicates a set-point value for optimal curves of combustion, and the regulator, via the adjustable means, reduces any difference that may exist between the set-point value and the actual value.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines is proposed which has a hydraulic injection instant adjuster, which is exposed to an rpm-dependent pressure established with the aid of a pressure control valve. The control of the pressure control valve is effected by means of varying the control pressure acting upon it. This is accomplished with the aid of a pressure valve, which has a slide exposed to a force variable in accordance with altitude, and the control pressure of the pressure control valve can be modified by means of this slide.

Abstract: A method for injecting fuel directly into a given combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine with externally supplied ignition in which the supply of air to the combustion chambers may be either throttled or unthrottled. To assure unobjectionable operation both at partial load and under full load, the fuel is introduced during partial-load operation with a large air excess, forming a layered charge, in the vicinity of the ignition location at a time immediately prior to the instant of ignition, while at full-load operation, in order to attain maximum power and soot-free combustion by means of a homogeneous fuel-air mixture, the supply of fuel takes place during the intake stroke of the engine piston defining the combustion chamber. In order to perform this method, a distributor-type fuel injection pump is provided, in which either one distributor opening or another distributor opening of two distributor openings comes into effective operation.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus with pilot injection and main injection in Diesel engines is proposed. A high-pressure injection pump delivers a main injection quantity to a main injection nozzle, while a hydraulic pilot injection auxiliary pump driven by the supply pressure of the high-pressure injection pump positively displaces a pilot injection quantity, via a piston, and delivers it to a pilot injection nozzle which is either separate or combined with the main injection nozzle. In the main injection area, a storage piston is separately provided, which without being mechanically connected to the pilot injection piston and without a pressure division is initially acted upon solely by the supply pressure of the high-pressure injection pump and only in the course of the pilot injection piston stroke is a line leading on to the storage piston opened up, at least indirectly, for the pumped fuel.

Abstract: A regulating device for controlling the position of an electromagnetic final control element, in particular in an internal combustion engine having self-ignition. The device includes a measurement value receptor as well as at least one regulating circuit having a non-linear characteristic which is influenced by its output and/or input signal. In addition to a proportional component, the non-linear regulating circuit may include an integration component and a differentiation component. The setting of at least the proportional component is varied, preferably in accordance with the deviation, so that in particular small deviations of the output and/or input signal are amplified to a greater extent than are larger deviations. In this manner, an extremely sensitive and precise regulation is attained.

Abstract: A method for producing a master plate and a master plate produced by this method which has highly accurately disposed fitting bores or fitting pins at prespecified coordinate intervals in order to form a precise grid system. The master plate serves to produce clamping plates identical to it for use in machining workpieces or building machinery. The fitting bores in the master plate are derived from insertable fitting sleeves which have a smaller diameter than preliminary bores disposed at the grid intervals in the foundation plate and are measured in their final position, preferably using measuring gauges having a zero dimension tolerance in the desired distance.

Abstract: An injection valve for fuel injection devices for internal combustion engines which serves to inject fuel into the intake pipe. The injection valve consists of a valve body with a valve seat cooperating with the sealing part of a valve needle. The valve needle is guided by guide sections in a guide bore of the valve body. The guide section immediately adjoining the sealing part simultaneously serves as a metering section for metering the fuel. For this purpose axially extending surfaces are disposed on the metering section, which form throttling metering openings together with the guide bore. By metering the fuel upstream from the valve seat, impairment of the fuel metering because of deposits formed by reaction of harmful materials from the intake pipe is avoided.

Abstract: An automatic testing apparatus is proposed for testing the circular spacing of gears and, in a further development, for simultaneously testing the deviations in gear concentricity, tooth thickness and tooth gap. The testing of circular spacing is accomplished in only one revolution simultaneously for both the right and left tooth flanks of the gear, and the measurement values thus obtained can be used as well for ascertaining the deviations in gear concentricity, tooth thickness and tooth gaps.

Abstract: A strain relief connection between a housing and an electric conductor assembly. The housing is formed of two plastic housing parts (2,20) which meet with each other over a contact surface (47). The electric conductor assembly (42) includes stranded conductors (43) extending through individual plastic jackets (45) which are surrounded by a common insulating sheath (46). The electric conductor assembly (42) passes from the exterior of the housing to the interior thereof, with portions of the plastic jackets (45) arranged over and contacting the contact surface (47) between the two housing parts (2,20) and with the two housing parts (2,20) being heat sealed together with the plastic jackets (45) at the contact surface (47).

Abstract: A fuel injection pump including a control device is proposed in which a control lever which determines the fuel injection quantity is placed at an adjustable spring which is not supported by the main power source of a governor lever. The control lever is subjected to lesser forces provided by the intended auxiliary springs, starting springs or idling springs.

Abstract: A method is proposed for controlling the composition of the charges to be combusted in an internal combustion engine with externally supplied ignition, the charges comprising gas which contains oxygen, and a fuel. In order to automatically adjust the charge composition in at least one operating range, an event caused by the given combustion of the charge is ascertained in at least one combustion chamber in terms of at which crankshaft angle or the like (Y value) a predetermined status of this event is attained during the given charge combustion. The scattering of this Y value is continuously regulated to a set-point scattering value by means of adjusting the charge composition.

Abstract: An automatic testing apparatus is described for testing the circumferential spacing of gears, for testing deviations in tooth thickness and tooth gaps as well as deviations in gear concentricity, in which with a single revolution of the gear the spacing testing is effected for both the right and the left flanks of the wheel and the values for the gear concentricity deviations, tooth thickness deviations, and tooth gap deviations are preferably ascertained simultaneously, so that a separate measurement apparatus is not required for that purpose.