Abstract: An excavating vehicle according to the present invention comprises an excavating apparatus rotated by a hydraulic actuator, said excavating apparatus being stopped automatically and smoothly at predetermined positions with a simple operation.

Abstract: A plane-grating monochromator is described which is particularly well suited for wavelengths in the range from approximately 1 to 15 nanometers and contains as its primary optical elements a diffraction grating (16) and an ellipsoid mirror (20). If both the entry aperture and the exit aperture are intended to be stationary, then a pivotable mirror (14) preceding them is provided. The present plane-grating monochromator is distinguished by an accurate image, virtually free of distortion, and correspondingly high resolution as well as by simple optics; it includes only two or three optical elements, and a kinematically simple adjusting mechanism for the optical elements suffices for adjusting the wavelength.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved vertical type pulverizing and classifying apparatus comprising a lower, pulverizing chamber and an upper, classifying chamber, wherein a material under treatment is carried by gas streams. The disclosed apparatus includes a conduit between the pulverizing chamber and the classifying chamber for sending particles of the material emerging from a primary classification to the classifying chamber for a secondary classification. A floating chamber is provided circumferentially of the conduit to receive particles descending from the classifying chamber for a further classification, whereby resulting fine particles are blown back to the classifying chamber and coarse particles are returned to the pulverizing chamber by way of a material feeder.

Abstract: A hydraulic vehicle brake system is provided, which includes at least one static brake circuit and at least one anti-skid regulator, in which in the event of regulation the pressure of an external power supply is connected via a feed valve to the brake circuit and in which the discharged pressure medium is returned to the supply container. In order to prevent the pressure medium in the static circuit from being used up in the event of failure of the feed valve, the switchover of the feed valve is monitored, and the regulation of the brake pressure is either allowed to occur or is prevented in accordance with this switchover.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for overrunning control in an internal combustion engine are proposed, which operate with an overrunning cutoff and the reestablishment rpm of which is dependent on rpm and on time. At the onset of overrunning, a higher reestablishment rpm is selected, and once the rpm falls below a predetermined rpm value the reestablishment rpm is reduced according to a time function to a lower threshold value. The method may be realized by a controlled system, as well as by a control apparatus operating with analog circuitry.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is proposed, having a valve each for the pre-injection quantity and for the main injection quantity, each of the valves having plural injection ports. The injection ports for the pre-injection quantity are smaller than those for the main injection quantity. Furthermore, the injection streams of the pre-injection quantity form a cone angle which is smaller than the cone angle of the main injection streams. By means of the two injection pumps it becomes possible to regulate exactly and indepedently the amount of injection as well as the injection time of the pre-injection quantity and of the main injection quantity.

Abstract: A device for measuring the mass of a flowing medium. The device includes a flat carrier to which at least one resistor layer is applied. Electrical conductor connections extending in alignment with one another are fixed on one end, with ends in elastic holder bodies and oriented with ends toward the carrier. On the other end, the ends of the electrical conductor connections rest with support segments each on one end face of the carrier and with fastening segments partially encompassing and gripping the carrier. The fastening segments are soldered or welded to a connecting layer or directly to the temperature-dependent resistor. As a result, the soldered or welded connection is held in a flexion-free and thrust-free manner on the fastening segments.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for internal combustion engines which has a metering valve disposed in a fuel supply line, in which adjusting characteristics for controlling the metering valve are strictly linear, thereby enabling a predictable, flexible fuel metering using simple and inexpensive control circuits. To this end, metering slits in the metering valve, which cooperate with a control piston in a known manner, are each connected to a respective differential pressure valve, which is adjusted such that the pressure differential (p.sub.1,2) before and after the metering slits is constant, regardless of the size of the uncovered cross section of the metering slits. Thus the cross section of the metering slits uncovered at a given time is linearly dependent solely on the displacement travel (h) of the control piston, which in turn is proportional to a control pressure (p.sub.

Abstract: An apparatus for the load-dependent actuation of an adjusting device of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a throttle valve, of an exhaust gas recirculation line leading to the intake tube of the engine, in which the adjusting device is controlled in accordance with the position of a governor sleeve of a governor of an injection pump filled with fuel. The fuel in the injection pump, which is at an interior pressure (p.sub.1), is utilized as a hydraulic operating medium, and the position of the governor sleeve is ascertained via a self-balancing hydraulic follower piston apparatus. In order to preclude influence on the part of the interior pressure (p.sub.1), which is dependent on the pump rpm, the follower piston apparatus is disposed such that in the balanced status it is exposed on both ends to a pressure corresponding to the interior pressure (p.sub.1).

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines having a filter body inserted into the fuel inflow conduit, an injection valve and a check valve, which maintains a static pressure in the injection nozzle and can also perform a relief function for the prevention of after-injections. The check valve is integrated into the filter body thereby simplifying the final assembly of the injection nozzle. The filter body is advantageously embodied as a rod-type filter, which by the appropriate shaping of its jacket periphery forms gap-like spaces between itself and the surrounding wall of the nozzle holder through which spaces the fuel must pass such that it is deflected multiple times.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve which serves to inject fuel into the intake tube of internal combustion engines. The fuel injection valve includes a valve seat disposed in a valve housing, downstream of which valve seat a preparation bore is provided in a nozzle body, which terminates in the fuel flow direction at a sharp-edged nozzle body end embodied by a first conical zone. The first conical zone protrudes into a cylindrical guide conduit of a front attachment. The cylindrical guide conduit discharges via a first guide conduit end into a conically widening guide conduit, which leads via a second guide conduit end into the intake tube of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: There is disclosed a combine harvester in which a traveling change speed mechanism is automatically controlled in response to workload variations in order to maintain the workload within a predetermined range. In normal circumstances, controls are effected on the basis of an average value of deviations from a control target value of values of the load sampled a predetermined number of times. A change speed operation is immediately effected in an amount corresponding to the deviations when a difference between a value of variation of the sampled values from sampled values obtained a previous time from sampled values obtained earlier is greater than a predetermined value.

Abstract: The present invention is a further improvement on Marshall et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,525,172. Herein it is proposed to construct the gun barrel of two sections which are threaded together. The rifled bore of the barrel is terminated at a predetermined point and the smooth bored muzzle portion is threaded into the rifled portion at the juncture point of peak pressure between the two barrel portions. The threaded areas on each of the gun barrel sections are interrupted in a manner that facilitates quick longitudinal assembly and a rotation of the barrels by 90.degree. locks the barrels together.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve which serves to inject fuel in an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection valve includes a nozzle holder in which a nozzle body having an injection port is disposed. The injection port is opened by a closing body movable counter to the force of a closing spring in order to eject fuel. A gas guidance sheath encompasses the nozzle holder with a cylindrical portion and the nozzle body with a bottom portion and has at least one axially extending gas guidance conduit communicating with an air source. The gas guidance conduit leads to a gas ring conduit in the bottom portion. The nozzle step protrudes through the bottom portion and with the passageway opening thereof forms a throttling gas ring gap immediately above the injection port, so that fuel emerging from the injection port can immediately be enveloped by gas, such as air or exhaust gas, and thereby prepared.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is proposed which serves to adapt the fuel-air mixture as precisely as possible to operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. The fuel injection system includes metering valves, each of which is assigned a regulating valve whose movable valve element can be exposed on one side to the fuel pressure downstream of the respective metering valve and on the other side to a control pressure line defined on one end by a control pressure valve of the nozzle/impact plate type and on the other end by a control throttle. The control pressure valve has a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, the magnetic fluxes of which are guided via an armature in such a manner that in at least one air gap the magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet and of the electromagnet extend in the same direction, while in at least one other air gap the magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet and of the electromagnet extend in opposite directions.

Abstract: An electromagnet is proposed which serves in particular to actuate a fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems in internal combustion engines. The electromagnet includes a first pole piece disposed at one side of a first permanent magnet and a second pole piece disposed at the other side of the first permanent magnet. The pole pieces each have one conduction section bent at an angle, which sections are oriented toward one another and define a gap therebetween. Divided from the first permanent magnet by the conduction sections, a magnet coil is disposed on each pole piece. The first pole piece has a pole oriented toward the armature, and the second pole piece has a pole. When the magnet coils are not excited, the armature is drawn in the direction toward the poles by one component (.phi..sub.p2) of the permanent magnetic flux. If the magnet coils experience a flow through them of a current (i) in such a manner that an electromagnetic flux (.phi..sub.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines having an inwardly opening valve needle (I nozzle) is proposed, in which an induction coil is disposed in the closing spring chamber, the induction coil together with an armature influenced by the valve needle forming a signal transducer for a measuring appliance for detecting the onset of injection and further data, as needed, of the injection process. The air gap of the magnetic circuit of the induction coil is formed between the armature and a coil, toward which the armature moves during the opening stroke of the valve needle. As a result, it is possible to attain a small initial air gap and a large change, in terms of percentage, in the air gap. The apparatus according to the invention is particularly suitable for measuring circuits in which a direct voltage is applied to the induction coil and the voltages induced as a result of the air gap changes in the induction coil are superimposed on the applied direct voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus which, in combination with a camera apparatus, permits simultaneously taking a plurality of identical photographs. The apparatus comprises an element having several mirrors which, in cooperation with a partially transparent mirror, forms in front of the lens of said camera apparatus a plurality of virtual images of the subject to be photographed. Casing ensures the connection between camera apparatus and the diverse associated optical elements, is mounted on a support of the cardan-type, it is rigidly connected to a lever permitting the subject to ensure himself the framing of the camera and at the same time to set the predetermined distance to be set between himself and the camera assembly.

Abstract: A mirror collector having a generally parabolic surface terminating near the vertex in a circular or cylindrical curve, an evacuated cylindrical heat entrapment tube composed of a clear glass for energy admission and an elongated, U-shaped heat collector tube centrally located in the heat entrapment tube for passing an inner fluid to be heated. The U-shaped tube is constructed of copper with a selective absorption coating for receiving heat and positioned so that the mirror collector concentrates substantially all incoming energy upon the central heat collector tube for providing a concentration factor of about four (4).

Abstract: Each of the pump cylinders disposed in a line, of the fuel injection pump is surrounded in the vicinity of an overflow opening controlled by control edges of the pump piston by a partial suction chamber embodied as a hollow space. Each of these partial suction chambers is supplied with fuel, beginning at an inflow conduit via a throttled inflow opening and the fuel is carried away again via a return-flow opening into a return-flow conduit common to all the pump cylinders. Because of the crosswise flushing of each individual partial suction chamber the fuel temperature in these partial suction chambers is kept at least virtually constant, in order that identical fuel quantities will be supplied to the individual pump cylinders.