Abstract: A lid for a packaging container which include a tear-open part which is surrounded by a weakened line. The lid is molded of a composite material, which has an outer carrier layer of plastic, a middle barrier layer of metal foil and an inner heat-sealing layer of a thermoplastic synthetic material. The weakened line is produced as an indentation in the outer carrier layer by being heat-impressed using a heated tool.

Abstract: Shoulder patting device comprising a grip stick, two resilient plates which extend from one end of the grip stick in the form of Y-shape and first and second tip members which are respectively secured to the tips of the resilient plates.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for internal combustion engines, in which a fuel injection valve is disposed upstream of a throttle device in an intake tube, from which valve a fuel stream which is asymmetrical relative to the throttle device emerges in order to influence the uniformity of mixture distribution to the cylinders of the engine. An asymmetrical fuel stream can be attained, by way of example, by inclining the fuel injection valve by a small angle (.alpha.) relative to the axis of the intake tube at the throttle device.

Abstract: A control device for a supercharged internal combustion engine is proposed, in which a device for fuel limitation during overrunning is also used for limiting the fuel metering in a definite manner in the event that a threshold value of the charge pressure is exceeded. To this end, a switch actuated by the charge pressure is connected parallel to a switch triggered during overrunning. In the event that the threshold value of the charge pressure is exceeded, overrunning is simulated accordingly, and the associated provisions for fuel limitation for such an event are initiated.

Abstract: An apparatus for opening folded boxes and delivering the opened boxes to a conveyor device of a cartoning machine including a supply magazine and a delivery device equipped with a suction gripper. In order that the flat-folded boxes will be reliably opened, the apparatus has a holding device with a suction gripper for exerting counter-action during the initial part of the opening operation. The flat-folded boxes are delivered to the holding device by means of a transfer device, suction grippers on the transfer device are moved back and forth on an arc-like path the end portions of which extend substantially perpendicular to the holding plane of the holding device and to the removal side of the magazine. In the initial portion of its return path, the suction gripper of the transfer device still holds the folding box firmly, so that the folding box already opens partially at that time.

Abstract: A control device is proposed for regulating the exhaust gas recycling rate in an internal combustion engine with self-ignition in which combustion pressure signals are adjusted directly or indirectly to nominal values dependent on operating characteristics of the engine. In one particular embodiment the combustion pressure signal is differentiated and the frequency of certain occurring amplitude values is adjusted to a nominal value. Owing to the integration of specific combustion processes into the regulation, the device is capable of operating with relatively high precision. It is particularly well suited to compensate for drift phenomena.

Abstract: The invention is based on an injection valve which serves in particular to supply fuel to internal combustion engines having fuel injection systems. The injection valve includes a movable valve element, which cooperates with a fixed valve seat provided on a nozzle body.Additionally, the movable valve element and the fixed valve seat each have complementary formed confronting surfaces, at least one of these surfaces being provided with a support such as a rib, thereby maintaining these surfaces in space relation. The rib may be provided on either the movable valve element or the fixed valve seat and can comprise an annular configuration whereby a collection chamber is provided between the respective surfaces. The confronting surfaces may be either concave or convex.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, having a valve needle arranged to open toward the outside and said valve needle further connected with a piston which defines a fuel-filled damping chamber, which communicates with the flow path of the fuel only via a throttle conduit during the opening stroke of the valve needle. The damping chamber is formed in a cap which is placed onto the piston. As a result, jamming of the elements in the radial direction is avoided. Furthermore, the piston may be embodied by the valve needle per se, resulting in a simple and space-saving construction. By means of the appropriate embodiment and supporting of the cap, the damping effect can be limited dependent on the stroke and/or the travel speed of the valve needle.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump in which a pump work chamber can be connected with a fuel withdrawal chamber, which is controlled by a deflecting piston. The deflecting piston is loaded by the pressure of the pump work chamber and is adjustable counter to a restoring force, this restoring force being modified with pressure fluid in accordance with rpm.

Abstract: An electric control device in the form of a final control element for fuel injection pumps for internal combustion engines is protected in the interior of its housing from having the parts it contains inundated by lubricant originating in the interior of the injection pump. This protection is effected in that a suction device driven by the camshaft is disposed in the interior and aspirates lubricant originating in the injection pump and returns it then. The suction device has a rotating part driven by the camshaft, and at its lowest point in the sump it has a sliding shoe which under spring pressure rests at the rear on the rotating part and is so embodied that lubricant adhering to the rotating part reaches a gap and from there is transported back into the injection pump via a drainage hose containing a check valve.

Abstract: A fuel injection system which serves to supply fuel to an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection system includes a metering and quantity distribution valve with regulating valves connected at the output side, which valves can be influenced by the fuel pressure in a differential pressure control line. Communicating with a fuel supply line is a fuel reservoir, which has a flexible diaphragm which is displaceable by the fuel pressure counter to a reservoir spring in a spring chamber. Shortly before the end of the movement of the flexible diaphragm into the spring chamber, a spring plate resting on the flexible diaphragm opens a sealing valve via a stem. The sealing valve rests on the mouth of an outflow line, which leads via a control throttle to the differential pressure control line.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for lambda regulation are proposed which provide an optimizing of the integrator inclination in accordance with the time elapsed following a switching process of the lambda sensor. The processable time can adjust itself to the rpm of the internal combustion engine. Minimum and maximum values, at least, of the integrator inclination are efficaciously dependent on rpm and/or load. It is furthermore provided that fuel quantity values be determined during quasi-stationary operating states via an average-value formation of minimum and maximum correction values. In addition to a possible hardware realization, a computer realization having a learning regulation system is also proposed.

Abstract: A mirror collector having a generally parabolic surface terminating near the vertex in a circular or cylindrical curve, a collector tube composed of a clear glass outer tube for energy admission and for passing an inner fluid, the collector being generally elliptical in nature constructed of copper with a selective absorption coating for receiving heat and positioned so that the mirror concentrates substantially all incoming energy upon the central collector tube for providing a concentration factor of about four (4).

Abstract: There is disclosed a grinding crusher having a grinder piece disposed within a crushing chamber for relative rotation with respect to a casing defining the crushing chamber. The casing is journaled and driven in high speed rotation so as to cause a material within the casing to be centrifugally pressed against the inner peripheral surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A device is proposed for determining the flow rate of a flowing medium, in particular the flow rate of air aspirated by an internal combustion engine which includes at least two temperature-dependent measuring resistors which are exposed to the flowing medium, each disposed in a separate bridge circuit, heated to different temperatures and regulated such as to be constant. The measuring resistors as well as the other bridge resistors are embodied as film resistors and are disposed opposite one another, each on a different side of a substrate. One signal per bridge, dependent on the currents flowing through the bridges, is supplied to a signal processing unit, the output variable of which represents a standard for the flow rate of the flowing medium that is independent of the temperature of the flowing medium.

Abstract: The housing, which is closed at the side, of the fuel injection pump embodied as in-line injection pump has receiving bores, discharging into a camshaft chamber, for in-line tappets and pump elements, the pump pistons of which are rotatable in order to vary the effective supply stroke by means of regulating sleeves provided with guide arms. A governor rod guided in a longitudinal recess of the pump housing engages the guide arms. For the removal and installation of the regulating sleeves, assembly recesses are machined into the receiving bores, beginning at the camshaft chamber and discharging into the longitudinal recess. The assembly recesses, one for each two adjacent receiving bores, are each embodied by means of a single aperture which interrupts the web of housing between the receiving bores. The resultant assembly recesses are located in the unloaded region between the tappets and enable an equally high peak load on the injection pump in both clockwise and counterclockwise operation.

Abstract: An electromagnetically actuatable valve which serves to control a flow of fluid. The valve includes a valve housing and a core of ferromagnetic material, as well as an armature which actuates a valve element cooperating with a fixed valve seat. When the magnetic coil is excited, the armature is attracted toward a stop face on the valve housing and is in contact there with an effective zone on the armature. The armature and the valve housing are formed of low-carbon steel, and both the stop face and at least the outer effective zone of the armature are provided with wear-resistant surfaces. The wear-resistant surfaces may be attained by nickel plating or by nitration.

Abstract: An electromagnetic valve having an armature isolated from the flow of pressure medium and a valve actuated by the armature via a push rod. The armature is variously excitable at various current intensities (i.sub.1, i.sub.2) and is accordingly capable of assuming three different positions. In this manner, a three-position magnetic valve is created which in its neutral positions keeps open a flow of pressure medium to a consumer while closing a leakage conduit. In its second position, the valve closes off the consumer, and in its third position it connects the consumer with a return flow conduit. The electromagnetic valve is usable preferably in anti-wheel-locking apparatuses in motor vehicles.

Abstract: A master cylinder for a two-circuit brake system which includes anti-skid control has two separate chambers and pistons. The main control piston is associated with an auxiliary piston which it engages after a predetermined amount of travel. The auxiliary piston has an extension which holds the brake control valve and which is opened by the control piston during its travel. Furthermore, the second circuit cylinder includes a pressure sensor which cooperates with double pistons which can activate a warning when the piston travel is not in a predetermined relation to the applied fluid pressure. Also included is an electronic switching circuit and associated valve mechanism for imparting a pulsating stroke to said double pistons.