Abstract: A vane pump having a cylindrical drum which revolves in a fixed housing part about an axis extending eccentrically to the housing part. The cylindrical drum drives at least one vane which is rotatably supported in the center of the fixed housing part so that the vane passes through an opening in the wall of the cylindrical drum to the inner surface of the housing part. Spring parts are disposed as sealing elements in the vicinity of the opening and are secured on each side of the vane on the cylindrical drum. At a distance from the fastening location, lip sections bent outward in convex fashion toward the vane so that the spring parts press against the respective associated outer faces of the vane for forming a seal, and also for centering the vane inside the opening when the pump is shut off.

Abstract: A machine is proposed for filling and closing hard gelatine capsules, in which the powder to be filled into the capsules is located in a filling product container, the base of which is a revolving dispensing disc. The dispensing disc has openings into which the powder is pressed with the aid of filler punches. A ring is firmly connected with the dispensing disc and has openings for receiving upper capsule portions. Curve controlled elements having openings for receiving lower capsule portions are pivotably disposed on the underside of the ring. The pivoting movement of the elements is effected via a stationary curve and a curved roller. The curve is embodied such that the elements can be moved both outward, that is, beyond the circumference of the ring, and inward, that is, underneath the openings in the dispensing disc.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump is proposed in which the fuel metering during the intake stroke of the pump pistons of the fuel injection pump is effected via a pressure conduit, the cross section of which is controlled first by an electrically controlled switching valve and second by means of the control of a fuel supply opening of the pressure conduit by means of a control groove, which communicates with the pump work chamber and, as part of a distributor shaft, is guided in synchronism with rpm. By means of the oblique disposition of the control groove and the possibility of an electrically controlled longitudinal displacement of the distributor shaft, the angular position at which injection takes place can be embodied in an arbitrary manner in combination with a switching valve.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump in which the beginning of fuel injection can be adjusted to begin earlier than normal, particularly during warm-up by means of an adjusting piston. The adjustment takes place by changing the tension of the return spring which cooperates with the fuel injection adjustment piston.

Abstract: It is proposed for a fuel metering system that a final control element be triggered with a regulated direct-current signal having clock components dependent on operating characteristics of an internal combustion engine in order to influence a fuel metering means. A further proposal is that the acceleration enrichment be triggered during starting. In this manner the desired starting enrichment is obtained by way of the sum of the post-starting, warm-up and acceleration enrichment. The acceleration enrichment per se begins beyond a predetermined air flow gradient and then has a steady course up to a maximum value. This subject is disclosed in combination with a continuously operating injection system, in which a corresponding overall control signal is prepared in a control unit and delivered to an electrohydraulic final control element.

Abstract: An apparatus for ascertaining open- and closed-loop control variables of an internal combustion engine, in particular a Diesel engine, on the basis of individual operating characteristics. The individual open- and closed-loop control variables are each ascertained in an individually computer-controlled manner immediately prior to their being needed. This manner of determining the individual values is particularly amenable to realization in large Diesel engines which operate relatively slowly, but it is applicable in principle to all types of internal combustion engines. The proposed apparatus includes an rpm regulator having a subsequent minimum-value selection circuit and calculation circuits for the onset and the duration of injection. Cylinder selection circuits for controlling the rotary direction are also provided. They determine both the particular metering valve being used and the corresponding starting-air valves for controlling the starting process.

Abstract: An electric potentiometer is proposed which serves to convert a mechanical movement into an electrical value. The potentiometer includes a pickup embodied as a wiper and a resistor pad which has a plurality of connections for parallel resistors distributed over the displacement range of the pickup and serving as support points. With these parallel resistors, the partial resistance established by the pickup can be varied to a predetermined course. The support points extend crosswise to the contact track of the pickup on the resistor pad and are embodied as only so long that they terminate before reaching the contact track.

Abstract: A regulating device for an electromagnetic control element, especially for an internal combustion engine with auto-ignition, is proposed in which a non-linear regulator with preferably a PD characteristic is coupled with a pulse regulator, preferably a two-point regulator with PID characteristic. Of special advantage is the interposition of a limiting device, which allows an increase in the D portion of the non-linear regulator, while at the same time suppressing interference. This results in an excellent control behavoir, especially in the face of small control deviations and in a control element or control circuit afflicted with friction and/or (magnetic) hysteresis.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring fuel consumption in an internal combustion engine the fuel supply system of which has a circulation line for the purpose of cooling the fuel pump. At the times when fuel consumption is measured, this circulation line is short-circuited downstream of a flow measuring device disposed in the supply line, so that then only the quantity of fuel delivered to the engine flows through the supply line from the tank, thus flowing through the flow measuring device as well. Because of the heating up of the fuel, the shortened fuel circuit is effected only at such time as a measurement procedure is desired. In the exemplary embodiment, a 3/2-way valve is used for switching over the fuel return line.

Abstract: A self-locking nut has a threaded bore for receiving the threaded shank of a co-operating bolt, which bore terminates within the nut body in a reduced bore diameter portion which may be unthreaded. The maximum diameter of this portion is less than the maximum diameter of the remainder of the bore. The nut body is formed of a plastics or other lightweight material and is reinforced by one or more inclusions of predetermined axial extent, formed of a material having a tensile strength greater than the material of the nut body, and embedded or encastred within the material of the nut body at a greater radius than the maximum radius of the thread.

Abstract: A valve is disclosed for gaseous and/or liquid flow media, in particular a pressure control valve for an exhaust recirculation valve in injection systems in motor vehicles. For the sake of attaining an extremely small opening hysteresis, this valve has a leakage point which is effective between the contact faces of the valve closing member and the valve seat. The suction flow brought about by the leakage point generates a film of flow medium between the contact faces which prevents the complete closure of the valve at a static point on the characteristic valve curve.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump in which the fuel metering is performed with the aid of an electromechanical fuel metering device with fuel which is at low pressure, and the disposition of the injection with respect to the full compression stroke of the pump piston of the fuel injection pump can be varied by means of a variable withdrawal of fuel at the end of the compression stroke and the resupply of the withdrawn fuel during the intake stroke of the pump piston. A desired injection characteristic can thereby be attained, or a desired, specified portion of a cam elevation curve at which injection is supposed to take place can be selected.

Abstract: A control device is proposed having a bimetallic element, one end of which is pressed into a holding groove provided on a metallic holder disposed in a housing. Fixed placement of bimetallic element over the lifetime of the control device is thus ensured. A method of making such a device is also proposed.

Abstract: The governor includes a force transmission lever subject to the prestressing force of a main governor spring, which lever the governor sleeve comes into operative contact after traversing an idling sleeve path a, and a leaf spring acting as the idling spring. The leaf spring is supported between its two ends on a curved rolloff path, determining its effective spring length, of a support bearing, the operative position of which is adjustable toward the leaf spring in accordance with the pivot angle (.beta.) of an adjusting member by means of an adjusting cam actuable by the adjusting member such as to increase the prestressing force of the leaf spring. The adjusting cam is supported on the force transmission lever in order to prevent influencing the maximum engine speed.

Abstract: An injection valve for fuel injection systems in internal combustion engines is proposed, which serves to supply fuel into the intake tube of the engine. The injection valve includes a movable valve element, which cooperates with a fixed valve seat, downstream of which a guide bore is provided in a nozzle body. An insert is pressed into this guide bore. The insert has grooves which extend in an axial direction and serve the purpose of metering the fuel to be injected. The grooves may be embodied by faces, which can be reground in a simple manner in order to correct the injection quantity.

Abstract: A pressure medium brake system for motor vehicles is proposed in which a high-pressure-producing apparatus and a normal-pressure brake apparatus are provided. The brake pressure is reduced with the aid of pressure limiters from high pressure to normal pressure. In order to attain rapid filling of the brake cylinders, one relay valve is disposed before each group of brake cylinders, the relay valves being triggered with normal pressure and very rapidly directing the high pressure into the brake cylinders with a large pressure drop. Upon attaining the maximum pressure level of the normal pressure, the supply of high pressure in the relay valve is cut off. The pressure medium brake system is preferably used as a compressed-air brake system for trucks and trailer-trucks.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for controlling at least one throttle cross section in a control line, in particular in a line carrying operating medium for an internal combustion engine, such as an air bypass around the throttle valve of the engine. The apparatus includes an electric control motor, by means of which a throttle device having a circular-segmental control section can be rotated. The control section is rotatable in a control opening intersecting the control line, and the control line and control opening are connected with one another by a throttle opening which has limiting faces. When the control motor is not excited or if the control motor should fail, the control section is rotated by a spring element against a stop, into a position in which a control edge together with the limiting face opens a first throttle cross section, which is sufficiently large to supply the engine with a sufficient quantity of air for the prevailing situation.

Abstract: A massage means utilizing a resilient deformable structure, comprising: a right-hand bar; a left-hand bar; an intermediate stick having one end joined to one end of the right-hand bar and the other end joined to one end of the left-hand bar, the center portion of the intermediate bar being made of a resilient material; and a pair of pressing members disposed at the both sides with respect to the center portion of the intermediate bar with a space provided therebetween in the longitudinal direction of the intermediate bar.

Abstract: A fuel metering system and method for an internal combustion engine is proposed, having a lambda regulation device and a warm-up enrichment, in which at the onset of regulation the warm-up enrichment is reduced or turned off for the purpose of not having an abnormally high control stroke when transferring to a closed-loop operation and thereby rapidly attaining a stable lambda value.

Abstract: A so-called current-regulated end stage for electromagnetic consumers such as magnetic valves or electromagnetic final control elements is provided, in which a field effect transistor takes over the functions of the switch and of the current measuring resistor. When the field effect transistor is conductive, the voltage over a capacitor is made to follow the current flowing through the consumer, and when the field effect transistor is blocked, the flow of current through the free-running circuit is simulated via the capacitor discharge. Both a singlefold and a multiple realization are disclosed, the latter using multiple examples of an RC member and a threshold switch.