Abstract: A control device is proposed for an electromagnetic engine valve or an electromagnetic final control element. The control device operates with closed-loop current control, and the maximum current is ascertained via a measuring resistor located in series with a switching transistor, while the free-running circuit is controlled in accordance with time. This control in accordance with time is effected via a comparator having dynamic positive feedback and acting as a comparison stage. The free-running control circuit includes a diode for protective purposes switched parallel to a transistor.

Abstract: A method for preventing damage to a temperature-dependent resistor disposed in a flow cross-section caused by overheating as a result of the ignition of a combustible, gaseous mixture during a burnoff process and an air flow rate measuring device for performing the method are proposed. The air flow rate measuring device includes a temperature-dependent resistor disposed in a bypass line. Deposits on the surface of the temperature-dependent resistor are removed in a burnoff process, preferably following the opening of the ignition switch. The danger then exists that if the device is used in a motor vehicle, combustible fuel-air mixture located in the vicinity of the temperature-dependent resistor may ignite, and the temperature-dependent resistor would thereby be destroyed because of overheating. For this reason, a slide member is pushed into the flow cross-section during the burnoff process, so that only a small combustible volume is available in the vicinity of the temperature-dependent resistor.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump is proposed which has a distributor in which both the injection quantity and the onset of injection are variable. The distributor is axially displaced via electric servomotors and is rotated relative to the drive shaft.

Abstract: A linear potentiometer, having a longitudinal housing with a resistance path and with a wiper guided by a push rod sliding therein. The push rod is supported at its entry into the housing of the potentiometer via a slide bearing which contains an elastic ring element, preferably an O-ring. This ring element embodies the sole connection between a stationary outer bearing and an inner bearing which is movable in a swinging manner relative to the outer bearing because of the elastic connection. The push rod slides in the inner bearing. The inner and outer bearings, by means of opposing annular grooves, receive the elastic ring element connecting them.

Abstract: An anti-blocking control system for a vehicle with two brake circuits, in which the regulation of the brake pressure is achieved either at a wheel and/or the wheels of an axle by both brake circuits and in which the pressure generated in this manner at the wheel(s) is jointly varied in case of a tendency to block. In order to simplify this brake pressure variation, a valve arrangement is used, consisting of a magnetic member with a coil and an armature as well as of a valve member having two separate valves disposed in the brake lines to the wheel(s). These two valves are jointly operated by the magnetic member.

Abstract: An electromagnetically actuatable valve, in particular a fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems. The valve includes a valve housing of ferromagnetic material and a core on which a magnetic coil is placed. An intermediate disk of ferromagnetic material is disposed on the end face of the cup-like valve housing. The passage bore has a lesser diameter than the inner bore of the valve housing. A flat armature partially protrudes beyond the stop face of the intermediate disk remote from the valve housing and again has a smaller diameter than the inner bore of the valve housing. Because of the small diameter of the flat armature, the flat armature has a small mass, so that short switching times of the valve are attainable.

Abstract: This invention relates to a rotary fluid machine that is actuated by any fluid under pressure in which a rotor carrying a piston member (16) rotates continuously when the machine is in operation about the axis of an annular chamber (14), the piston member is mechanically connected to a rotary obturator (18.sub.1, 18.sub.2) that rotates in a sealing chamber (15.sub.1, 15.sub.2) about an axis substantially parallel to said axis of the annular chamber (14) and the rotary obturator (18.sub.1, 18.sub.2) has a recess (20.sub.1, 20.sub.2) in which a part of the piston enters during rotation, to provide a working section in the annular chamber (14) as working fluid is fed to the piston, the machine is characterized by a rotary obturator (18.sub.1, 18.sub.2) having a body in the form of a solid of revolution that is in at least two parts (FIG.

Abstract: A conveyor apparatus for handling small capsules, ampules, etc. and for transferring them from a continuous stream to a cyclically moving conveyor rack. Segmented pivoting arms hold the capsules in peripheral recesses. The arms are guided in a cam track whereby their pivotal motion takes place at varying speeds which can be adapted to the requirements of the transfer process and of the subsequent machine members.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the mass of a flowing medium, in particular, for measuring the aspirated air mass in internal combustion engines. The apparatus includes a flow conduit for the medium, embodied as an air intake tube and having a restricted section, into which a bypass line toward the restricted section discharges at a mouth. In the bypass line there is a temperature-dependent resistor, which ascertains the mass of air flowing via the bypass line, this mass being at a predetermined proportion to that flowing through the flow conduit of the medium, and this resistor via an electronic control unit triggers a fuel-injection valve in the flow conduit of the medium. The course of the flow cross section in the restricted section is determined by way of example by a shaped body surrounding the fuel injection valve.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are proposed for measuring the mass of a pulsating medium flowing in a flow cross section, in particular for measuring the aspirated air mass of internal combustion engines. The apparatus includes a temperature-dependent measuring resistor, the temperature and/or resistance of which is regulated in accordance with the mass of flowing medium. The measurement signal representing the medium mass is influenceable in accordance with the flow direction by at least one first temperature-dependent indication resistor, whose resistance value can be ascertained by a resistance measuring circuit and can be compared with the resistance value, also ascertained by a resistance measuring circuit, of a second temperature-dependent indication resistor.

Abstract: A filling apparatus for viscous products, such as those including ingredients in pieces, is proposed. In order to avoid soiling of the sealing rims of the containers, onto which a cover foil is sealed, dripping or squirting from the filler mouthpiece is to be intercepted. The apparatus has a receiving element for this purpose in the form of a scoop, which in a first position assumes a vertical position remote from the filler mouthpiece which intercepts squirting and in a second position assumes a horizontal position passing beneath the filler mouthpiece. The supporting apparatus for the scoop is embodied such that when the scoop is moved from one position into the other position, the scoop undergoes a one-quarter revolution.

Abstract: An apparatus is proposed for detecting operating characteristics of an internal combustion engine. It has an optical sensor whose output signal is delivered to an amplifier with a variable transmission behavior. As a result, it is possible to have either a stepped or a continuous adaptation of the sensor sensitivity to various operational points of the engine. It is particularly proposed that the amplification for the measurement signal be selected to be high in the case of an opto-electrical combustion chamber observation in a low load range, while it is selected to be low in a high load range, so that relatively equalized measurement results are available for use.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a fuel metering system including a fuel pump is proposed, where in the case of a Diesel engine with insufficient voltage during starting, the final control element for the governor rod of the fuel pump is uncoupled from the signal processing unit and connected directly to a supply voltage line. It is thereby possible to prevent indefinite output signals of the signal processing unit, which appear in case of insufficient voltage, from having any effect, and simultaneously it is possible to attain reliable starting of the engine.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are proposed for controlling the quantity of exhaust gas recirculated from the exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine to its intake side. The aspirated air quantity is compared with a set-point value formed in accordance with load and rpm, and if the deviation is greater than a minimum amount, control pulses for two magnetic valves are formed, which are triggered alternatively depending upon the polarity of the deviation and which further cause pressure to be delivered from two pressure sources having different pressure levels into the work chamber of a pneumatically functioning adjusting member of a dosing valve for exhaust gas recirculation. The opening duration of a given valve is dependent on the magnitude of the deviation from the set-point, and the valve remains completely open until a counteracting correction takes place if the deviation from the set-point exceeds a predetermined maximum amount.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines having an equal-pressure relief valve, which has a structure requiring little space when installed and is provided with a fastener element. The equal-pressure relief valve comprises a pressure valve body, onto which a beaker-shaped filler piece protruding into the interior of the pressure valve spring is placed. The structural unit comprising the pressure valve body and the filler piece containing the relief valve is held together, even when the pipe connector fitting or the pressure valve spring is removed, by means of the transit fastener element provided with a fastener ring. The invention is applicable both to single and series fuel injection pumps as well as to distributor injection pumps, particularly when space for installation is restricted.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is proposed which is triggerable in such a way that in the presence of control signals, in particular those characterizing engine overrunning, the fuel injection is interrupted. The fuel injection system includes metering valves to each of which one regulating valve is assigned, the valves each having a movable valve element which can be subjected on the one hand to the fuel pressure downstream of the respective metering valve and a spring and on the other hand to the pressure in a control pressure line. In the fuel supply line a pressure-reduction valve is provided upstream of the metering valve. During engine overrunning, the fuel pressure in the control pressure line is controllable by means of an electromagnetic valve in such a way that the fuel pressure in the control pressure line increases and the regulating valves close as a result of which the fuel injection is interrupted.

Abstract: For recirculating the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, a recirculation line is provided which leads from the exhaust side to the intake side of the engine. A valve for controlling the recirculation rate is disposed in the line, and in order to prevent the formation of condensates in the line on the exhaust side when the valve is closed, a flushing line is provided which leads from the line segment on the exhaust side to a location point having lower pressure as compared with the exhaust side.

Abstract: A method of ultrasonic flaw detection of a pipe, worth particularly for instance for a heater pipe as is used for catalytic gas reforming with steam. A transmitter probe and a receiver probe are disposed on the pipe outer surface with suitable spacing one from the other both in axial or longitudinal direction and in peripheral direction of the pipe. The transmitter probe launches ultrasonic radiation under proper angle of incidence upon the pipe outer surface at the point of entering material of the pipe, to be refracted under a particular angle of refraction so that it may then pass through the material of the pipe straight to another point upon the pipe outer surface. The receiver probe receives the ultrasonic radiation transmission echo. Flaw in the material of the pipe is detected from fluctuation of the echo, as seen upon scanning the pipe surface by moving the transmitter and receiver probes.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing edible food products having a filling therein, the filling being introduced into the center of the food product by an injection nozzle that is contiguous with a nozzle from which the food product is discharged. A conveyor having a descending gradient is associated with the nozzles and advances the food product downwardly to a feeder apparatus which severs product to length. A sensor is positioned between the conveyor and the feeder apparatus to control the speed of the feeder apparatus.

Abstract: A fishing rod has at least one fishing line guide made up of a ring-like body with a high resistance to deformation and wear or abrasion, it being joined to the rod by a winding placed round it and the rod. The winding is made up of a high-strength fiber material having a low ultimate elongation, such as, more specially, carbon fiber, aramide fiber, boron fiber, glass fiber or polyester fiber. The ring body may be made of ceramic material, sapphire or a high-strength carbide and it may be seated on the rod itself or be spaced at some distance therefrom. In the case of a preferred process for producing such a guide on a rod, two template bodies of silicone rubber are slipped onto the rod so that two faces, normal to the rod, on the templates, are opposite each other falling in a space in which the winding may be produced. One such face has a pin for positioning the ring body to be fixed in position.