Abstract: This invention is concerned with the tack spinning of materials and has particular reference to the formation of tack spun materials by applying a theromplastic polymer to a backing or carrier sheet to form a pattern or layer thereon and then heating the layer and contacting the layer with a second surface whereby separation of the carrier from the second surface results in separation of the thermoplastic polymer within its plane to draw fibres therefrom on progressive separation. The preferred embodiment of the invention involves two backing sheets prepared between a pair of nip rollers to form a sandwich structure with a layer of thermoplastic tack spinnable material and separating the same on the downstream side of the nip to provide the fibres disposed substantially transverse to the plane of the carrier sheet. The invention also describes novel apparatus for performing this operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the composition of the operational mixture in internal combustion engines. Air quantity is controlled to correspond to an arbitrarily settable fuel quantity, by creating a set-point fuel quantity signal from an actual value air quantity signal, via a performance graph, the fuel signal taking the form of a correspondingly set metering cross section in a fuel supply line. A differential pressure valve, connected across the metering cross section, creates a hydraulic control pressure for actuating an air throttle valve in accordance with the deviation of the pressure drop across the metering cross section from a set-point value which is kept constant. During overrunning, the pressure drop becomes zero and the throttle valve is fully opened by hydraulic control pressure supplied through a pressure-actuated valve which opens when the pressure downstream of the metering cross section rises to a value indicating an overrunning condition.

Abstract: An electronic data processor, for use with a keyboard, a telephone set and a standard television receiver, for permitting the exchange of data with an information system. The electronic processor includes circuitry for displaying pages of alphanumeric text on the television screen, either block by block or in continuous manner, circuitry for generating and displaying a writing cursor which indicates the position of the letter which is to be written or changed, circuitry for erasing parts or all of the screen and all of these circuits being so connected as to operate in time-shared manner with the line scan frequency of the television receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the current through an electromagnetic injection valve of an internal combustion engine during its pickup and holding phases by opening and closing a first switch connecting the valve to a voltage source. The first switch is initially closed by a valve timing circuit to initiate pickup of the valve. A first current-sensing resistor connected in series with the first switch produces a signal to open the first switch when the valve current attains an upper threshold value which assures valve pickup, and to close a second switch connected in series with a second current-sensing resistor across the valve. When the valve current drops to a lower threshold value greater than the valve drop-out current, the second current-sensing resistor produces a signal to reclose the first switch and open the second switch for a predetermined time, after which the first switch is again opened and the second switch closed.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an ignition chamber forming a closed circular cylinder and communicating via at least one transfer channel with a main combustion chamber with the ignition chamber cylindrical wall being controlled by means of an annular thermal pipe to a virtually constant, high temperature and protected against a rapid cooling toward cooled parts of the internal combustion engine and against overheating. An ignition device inserted into the ignition chamber, with an electrode, forms a spark gap toward the cylindrical wall of the ignition chamber in the region between the middle of the ignition chamber and the transfer channels. To improve the stability of the electrode, the electrode is provided with a heat conductor so as to provide more severely leaning of the fuel-air mixture to be ignited while avoiding glow sparking and reducing the emission of noise.

Abstract: An apparatus is proposed for the open-loop control of the composition of the operating mixture to be introduced into the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine. In this apparatus, the dispensing of the aspirated air quantity is effected by means of an aspirated air throttle device, whose displacement complementarily adjusts the cross section of an exhaust gas recirculation line which discharges into the intake system downstream from this throttle device. The opening of the aspirated air throttle device in order to increase the quantity of aspirated air is effected by means of a control pressure delivered to a servomotor, counter to the force of a restoring spring. The control pressure is obtained from the comparison of the actual quantity of aspirated air with the fuel injection quantity. The initial pressure for establishing the control pressure is the supply pressure of a supply pump supplying the fuel metering device.

Abstract: An apparatus is proposed for controlling the de-excitation time of electromagnetic devices, in particular electromagnetic injection valves in internal combustion engines, wherein a switch (or an actuation circuit in general) is disposed in series with the device, characterized in that a circuit arrangement with a controllable output potential is disposed in series or in parallel with the electromagnetic device. It is the purpose of the apparatus to linearize the current decrease through the electromagnetic device after the end of the actuation pulse and preferably to simultaneously control its rate of decrease. As a result, control of the de-excitation time of the particular electromagnetic device is attained. In terms of function, the circuit arrangement represents a controllable Zener diode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection valve having a plug connection to the fuel line, wherein at least two sealing rings are provided between the connection stud and the fuel line nipple in order to obtain emergency sealing capacity.

Abstract: A sheet separating apparatus has a lifting device and at least one suction device. The suction devices receive a sheet from a stack, and with the sheet engaged with the suction devices, are lifted away from the stack by the lifting device. The suction devices are connected to a vacuum source(s) and the lifting device is connected either to the vacuum source, or one of the vacuum sources, or to a different vacuum source or a positive pressure source. In either case the vacuum source(s) acts through the suction devices to produce the engagement of the sheet and suction devices, and this engagement in turn produces a pressure drop in the suction devices which leads to activation of the lifting device to lift the suction devices.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is proposed which brings about an improvement in the acceleration behavior of an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection system includes an intake manifold having a measuring device arranged therein which is moved against a restoring force in accordance with the quantity of air flowing therethrough and thereby actuates the control slide of a distribution valve. The restoring force on the air flow measuring device is actuated by fuel, supplied by a fuel pump via a damping throttle, which operates within a pressure chamber into which the control slide protrudes by means of an end face. A check valve is arranged in a discharge line between the pressure chamber and the delivery side or the suction side of the pump, and opens above a predetermined pressure within the pressure chamber. This allows a rapid unloading of the pressure chamber and a rapid response of the fuel injection system in the case of an acceleration.

Abstract: An agricultural tractor comprising differential case, a transmission case, a speed change case interposed between the two cases and directly coupled thereto, and a speed change mechanism contained in the speed change case and adapted to provide a great reduction ratio. The speed change case is not integral with the two other cases.

Abstract: A system for increasing the fuel feed in internal combustion engines during acceleration in order to ensure better performance comprising an acceleration detector, an enrichment stage, a proportionating member associated with a differentiating member, all connected to be responsive to at least one sensing member whose output signal is variable according to the engine operating conditions. The operating parameters sensed may be, for example, speed, air flow rate in the intake manifold, starting conditions, as well as the temperature of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: This invention relates to a carrier material for photographic purposes which is formed of paper coated with a synthetic resin. The paper contains a water soluble inorganic salt that enhances its drying by microwaves. In a preferred embodiment, the paper contains starch.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a method of prevention of deep infiltration of copper into a lining of a smelting furnace for direct obtaining of copper from ore concentrates and copper ores.The essence of the invention consists in that to the lower part of the hearth (2) of a furnace a cooling medium is delivered which is distributed in streams below a lining (1) of the furnace. Particular layers (1) of the hearth (2) have good heat conductivity, and in the lower part of the hearth (2) channels (4) are situated which serve for distribution of the cooling medium. The solution according to the invention prevents completely an excessive temperature increase of the furnace jacket.

Abstract: A method of internally lining an installed pipe, which may be used for various types of pipelines such as those for transmitting town gas, natural gas, petroleum, and water. According to the invention, a flexible liner tube is placed inside an installed pipe, and then a liquid adhesive agent is introduced between the pipe and the tube. In this condition, an object is passed through the tube whereby the liquid adhesive agent acts to make the tube adhere to the interior wall of the pipe.

Abstract: An air valve for a fuel supply system of an internal combustion engine is proposed, which assures good start-up of the engine and furnishes a fuel-air mixture required for combustion during overrunning. The air valve includes a housing, which is separated by a diaphragm into a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber communicates with the intake tube section dowstream of a throttle valve and the second chamber comunicates first with the intake tube upstream of the throttle valve and second with the intake tube downstream of the throttle valve. A valve plate guided by the diaphragm engages a valve seat sheath which is slidably supported in a mouthpiece. A flow cross section is formed between the valve seat sheath and the mouthpiece. Immediately following starting, additional air can bypass the throttle valve for the purpose of improved starting up of the engine.

Abstract: A temperature-dependent resistor is embodied as a hot wire and secured by support elements in a probe ring. At least one of the support elements has a contact area having the smallest possible cross section on which a hot wire securing portion is defined. The hot wire is secured to the contact area at the securing portion. The contact area may be embodied, for example, as sharp-pointed or cylindrical and cause a minimum possible conduction of heat away from the hot wire along the support element, so that even during a glow burnoff process the entire hot wire length, up to the securing portion is burned free of deposits and thus continuously satisfactory functioning of the air flow rate meter is assured.

Abstract: Apparatus for actuating a security system which includes an actuator element, such as a key, in which is embedded a plurality of "Wiegand effect" magnetic rods forming at least one track of magnetically coded information. When the actuator element is inserted into a complementary element, a conditioning permanent magnet of a given polarity at the entrance of the complementary element switches each magnetic rod into a first magnetic state, then a drive permanent magnet of an opposite polarity disposed inwardly of the conditioning magnet switches each magnetic rod into a second magnetic state as the magnetic rod moves past it, causing a sharp voltage pulse to be generated within a sensor coil disposed close to the drive magnet and the magnetic rod being switched.

Abstract: An rpm governor is proposed, in which intervention into the regulation process can be made directly via a magnet, so that the degree of proportionality, particularly with isostatic governors, can be lowered to a minimum.