Abstract: A method for obtaining an acceleration or deceleration signal from a signal proportional to the speed, consisting of storing the most recently ascertained n changes in a memory, wherein upon ascertainment of a new change to be stored in memory, the change which has been stored the longest is erased, and a deceleration or acceleration signal is formed by addition from the stored n changes, each time at intervals of .DELTA.T. Furthermore, in the method according to the invention, the presence of a deceleration or acceleration exceeding the threshold is recognized earlier.

Abstract: A mixture preparation apparatus for mixture-compressing, externally ignited internal combustion engines, which serves to improve the output and to reduce both fuel consumption and the proportion of toxic components in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine. The mixture preparation apparatus comprises a rotatable vane body having a scoop disposed in the air intake line across the air flow direction, and including a portion arranged to extend into a section of the air intake line. The rotatable scoop is disposed in the region of an annular flow channel, so that between the inflow and the outflow side of the flow channel a constant, yet arbitrarily variable pressure difference can be regulated. The structure revealed requires only a small air component to drive the vane body, and thus only a limited energy requirement is present.

Abstract: An electric centrifugal switch is proposed, in particular for the purpose of safety shutoff upon attainment of a shutoff rpm for fuel injection systems, electrically controlled in an open- or closed-loop manner, of internal combustion engines, which is not vulnerable to rotary oscillations and which effects a rapid shutoff. The centrifugal switch comprises a centrifugal pendulum secured by means of a metal band bearing on a revolving carrier element and a switch attached to the housing and provided with a switching distance from an actuation pin. The centrifugal pendulum carries a flyweight mass on the end of a first lever arm extending substantially in the direction of the rotary axis, and its second lever arm extending at least approximately rectangularly to the rotary axis, is held together with a metal band of the band bearing in constant contact on a roll-off surface located on the carrier element by a restoring spring and, in a preferred embodiment, by means of a supplementary spring element.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for treating, primarily cleaning, underwater surfaces of fixed or floating constructions for example, ships' hulls. In the method according to the invention, the treatment or cleaning device, which is rotatably driven by a motor, is wholly or partially insulated from the surrounding water by a medium which is fed to the vicinity of the device. The apparatus according to the invention includes a channel and a connection for supplying the insulating medium in the vicinity of the cleaning device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for changing bobbins in a flyer spinning frame which includes a bobbin rail for supporting bobbins adjacent the flyers movable both vertically and tiltably, the bobbin rail being moved sequentially from an upper bobbin winding position, a lower horizontal position, a forwardly tipped position, then upwardly in the tilted position into a comfortable bobbin doffing position, downwardly into the lower position, back into a horizontal position while in the lower position then finally upwardly into the upper bobbin winding position.

Abstract: A centrifugal rpm governor, intended in particular for Diesel vehicle engines, is proposed, by means of which the supply quantity adjustment member of the injection pump is held in the stop position after the engine has been turned off, in order to prevent unauthorized and unintended starting of the engine. The governor is provided with a shut-off lever held in its operational position by a tension spring and by which lever the supply quantity adjustment member of the injection pump is displaceable into its stop position. The tension spring is embodied as a holding spring and so disposed that the shut-off lever both in its operation position and its shut-off position is drawn into the pertinent terminal position and held there. To this end, the force of the holding spring is greater than the force of a deviation spring attached to the control linkage.

Abstract: A two-chamber flat envelope for packaging various goods is proposed, the chambers of which can be opened uniformly for the purpose of filling. The envelope having two outer walls and a separating partition has plural seams at the edges of the walls joining these walls to one another. Furthermore the envelope has a first seam, which joins the partition to the first outer wall, and a second seam, which joins the partition to the other outer wall, each being located at a predetermined distance from one side seam.

Abstract: An apparatus serving to detect pressure fluctuations in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, including an ionic current sensor, which is exposed to the gases in the combustion chamber and comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, between which a measurement voltage is applied and between which a connecting channel extends from the open combustion chamber into a dead space. In this manner, ionic currents may be detected which are caused by fluctuating pressures in the combustion chamber, particularly when there is engine knocking. Particularly when the geometry of the dead space is adapted to the frequency of the pressure fluctuations which are to be measured, these pressure fluctuations can be detected independently of other, slower pressure variations in the form of a pulsating current which is large when the ion-carrying gas enters the dead space and small when this gas, by now strongly deionized, exits the dead space.

Abstract: The invention relates to a magnetic valve in which the electromagnet is housed in a chamber which is not infiltrated by the pressure medium to be controlled, and in which a rod coupling is effective between the armature of the electromagnet and the closure body of the valve inserted between a pressure source and a pressure consumer, and in which a sealing apparatus is provided which seals the entryway of the rod coupling into the region infiltrated by pressure medium. Furthermore, the consumer through the operation of a slider valve is connectable firstly to a low-pressure chamber, secondly to a position to break flow and thirdly to a high-pressure chamber. In addition, the slider valve is controllable into two different energized positions through the use of plural spring elements and the electromagnet can be subjected to varying electrical output to attain an intermediate or final position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection pump in which, via an appropriate transducer, the temperature of the coolant of the internal combustion engine intervenes as a control value in the fuel injection pump regulation, in that at least two of the following three final control elements are simultaneously adjusted: A for the injection onset adjustment; B for the increased starting quantity; or C for the idling rpm.

Abstract: In order to prevent undesirable abrupt changes in engine torque when the fuel supply to the engine is shut off at the onset of engine braking, the invention provides the gradual decrease of the amount of fuel supplied to the engine beginning with the onset of engine braking and continuing until fuel has decreased to approximately 80 percent of the normal amount at which time the fuel is shut off entirely. When engine braking stops or when the operator indicates a demand for acceleration, the fuel supply is initiated at the level of approximately 80 percent of normal and is increased thereafter up to the normal amount according to a second selectable function of time.

Abstract: A differential pressure valve is proposed for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine. The differential pressure valve includes a diaphragm embodied as the movable valve element, which separates two chambers from one another. A fuel supply line discharges into one chamber and a valve seat carrier provided with a valve opening protrudes into this chamber. This chamber also houses a filter element and a valve spring is disposed coaxially with the valve seat carrier between upper and lower spring plates. The filter element is disposed such that a subsequent change in the tension of the valve spring is also possible. To this end, the filter element can engage the upper spring plate on one side in a sealing manner and on the other side can be supported in a sealing manner in a groove of the wall of the chamber (FIG. 1). In order to assure the free mobility of the filter element, it is provided with an elastically deformable area. As shown in FIG.

Abstract: A vibration isolation system for a passenger carrying helicopter with which the crew seats in the cockpit area and the floor in the passenger area are decoupled from the airframe thereby isolating the seats and floor from the airframe vibrations. In addition, the fuel tanks of the helicopter are isolated from the airframe so that a force feedback from the fuel tank to the airframe resulting from the changing fuel quantity is effectively eliminated. The system employs nodal isolators which both isolate (decouple) and support the particular structural mass in question.

Abstract: A method of breaking rock, concrete or other hard compact material adjacent to a hole drilled thereinto and an apparatus for performing the method wherein the apparatus contains a notch-forming means to form a circumferential notch in the drillhole wall, a hydraulic jack means which is located inside the drillhole to exert a force to actuate the notch-forming means and to react against the bottom of the drillhole and develop an outwardly directly axial force on the notcher to break one or more pieces of material from the face and a hydraulic supply means to supply hydraulic fluid to actuate the hydraulic jack. The hydraulic supply means is located outside the drillhole.

Abstract: A signal generator for use with a fuel supply system which incorporates a fuel shut-off mechanism. The output signal from the signal generator is applied to the fuel shut-off mechanism whenever the engine exceeds a maximum speed. In order to detect this condition, rpm-synchronous pulses are applied to at least one, and preferably two cascaded multivibrators which control an input of a gate, the other input of which receives the rpm-dependent pulses. The output of the gate is active only if the period of the rpm-dependent pulses is less than the sum of the unstable time constants of the multivibrators, in which case a final multivibrator is triggered and generates a fuel suppression control signal during a large fraction of two crankshaft rotations.

Abstract: A capacitive probe detection system is described which incorporates a synchronous switching system to switch the current flow through a capacitive probe to a signal integrating circuit only during the whole of every positive half cycle of the current flow attributable to the capacitive component of the probe. In this way that current due to the resistive component of the probe and to spurious noise pulses is eliminated by the integrator when performing its integrating action.

Abstract: A centrifugal governor is proposed for fuel injected internal combustion engines, which preferably functions as an idling and a final rpm governor. Preferably, the governor is provided with a cam-guided adaptor apparatus whose influence on the governor movement is removed in order to increase the work capacity of the governor during idling operation. The centrifugal rpm governor includes an intermediate lever connecting a governor sleeve with the control rod of an injection pump. The intermediate lever is additionally actuatable by a setting lever, and an adaptor lever system. The adaptor lever system substantially comprises an adaptor lever disposed approximately parallel to the intermediate lever and cooperating therewith and actuatable by the governor sleeve. The adaptor lever has at its outermost end a cam follower, which is guided on a cam surface of a stop cam for the purpose of limiting the full-load supply quantity.

Abstract: A rotary dry shaver comprising a component housing, a pair of tiltable cutting elements with exposed apertured shear plates, a bladed rotary cutting member cooperative with the inner surface of the shear plates and coactively tiltable therewith, a driving shaft for the cutting members, the shear plates and cutting members normally disposed at a right angle to the shaft axes, the cutting elements independently supported axially on a spherically radiused surface whereon they are freely tiltable at diverse angles relative to the shaft axes, a removable cutting element retaining frame with apertures through which a portion of each of the cutting elements projects, the outer surface of the projecting portion correspondingly spherically radiused and fittingly and tiltably retained by and in the frame apertures, a chamber in the housing beneath said frame to receive hair clippings, apertures through the housing sidewalls communicating with the chamber, hinged side plates to open and close the wall apertures, the sid