Abstract: To prevent damage to electron beam apparatus from inadvertent exposure of parts of the apparatus to the electron beam, there is provided a beam catcher which has a catcher plate that seals off the evacuated work chamber of the apparatus from a space containing gas under substantially higher pressure than normally prevailing in the work chamber. When the electron beam inadvertently impinges on the beam catcher, it is able to puncture the catcher plate, thereby permitting the gas to pass through the puncture and enter the work chamber, causing defocusing of the electron beam which prevents a progression of the puncture and also causing a pressure increase in the work chamber, resulting in further defocusing of the electron and in automatic shutoff of the accelerating potential.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing semiconductor devices and the devices so made, having two components with differing internal structures of very small dimension on a common heat-dissipating support, wherein the two components are obtained by suitable ion implants in two separate regions of a single block of silicon by alternately protecting each region with a mask. After welding the structure to a metallic support, a pair of diodes or mounds is relieved by ion machining or chemical etching. The assembly is then insulated and provided with the necessary power connections by the alternate application of insulating and conductive materials, the latter being separate metallic layers enabling the two components to be discretely biased.

Abstract: A floatable apparatus provided with a lifting element for displacing it between the surface and bottom of a water basin has at least two jaws or grippers which are suitable for use as a clam-shell bucket or the like. The jaws are suspended from the lifting element and are articulated with respect to one another. The lifting element is constituted by a principal floatable buoyant caisson which permits the apparatus to be placed in a state of immersion or of floatation. At least one floatation chamber is associated with each of the jaws to achieve selectably a net density thereof equal to, less than or greater than that of water. The jaws are carried by the principal caisson.

Abstract: A frequency divider circuit and variants thereof, intended for use with the fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine. The primary trigger signal is one derived from a rotating engine member and this signal is used to generate two input pulse trains of opposite relative phase. A basic dividing block includes two bistable multivibrators formed by gates with crossed feedback. The inputs to these multivibrators are provided by two-input gates and the input pulse trains are applied, respectively, to the input gates ahead of the first and second multivibrators. The second inputs of the input gates receive the direct or crossed-over outputs of the multivibrators. Additional circuitry is disclosed for providing odd dividing ratios, e.g. 1:3.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an air quantity metering apparatus for use in internal combustion engines including a fuel injection system having an air intake manifold provided with a barrier flap which is mounted on a shaft to which is attached, exteriorly of said manifold, a spring loaded mechanism that serves to pretension the barrier flap in dependence upon conditions that exist in said manifold.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for separating off waste material from a moulded article in the production of hollow articles of thermoplastics material by a blowing process in a multi-part mould involves pinching together regions of a partly-made article during closure of the mould parts around it and once a satisfactory weld seam has been created at the pinch regions then increasing the closure speed of the mould parts. Control of the mould closure speed may be effected by open loop control or by automatic control, and may be made dependent on time and/or on displacement of the mould parts. The increased final closure speed can with advantage be equal to the mould closure speed at which the mould parts are moved up to the beginning of the pinching process.

Abstract: A centrifugal regulator for an internal combustion engine having a fuel injector controllable by actuation of a control rod. Movement of the governor sleeve upon a variation in rpm is transferred to a spring-biased support lever, which is pivotally connected to a guide lever by a fixed pivot thereof, which guide lever is pivotally connected to an intermediate lever by a fixed pivot thereof, which lever is provided with a pivot axis and a link connecting it with the control rod. Various types of relationship between fuel injection rate and rpm are obtained by means of several differently placed adjustable or resilient stops provided on the spring-urged support lever and in the regulator housing. These stops come into play in a multi-stage serial relationship, allowing the support lever and the intermediate lever to severally pivot and rotate, thus transferring governor sleeve movement to the intermediate lever and the control rod.

Abstract: A control circuit for a fuel-injected internal combustion engine provides a substitute program for generation of fuel injection control pulses during engine starts at low temperatures. The substitute injection control pulses are made dependent on the ambient or engine temperature in the sense that, the lower the temperature, the greater is the length of the injection pulses, i.e., the larger is the quantity of initially injected fuel. The length of the injection pulses also depends on the elapsed duration of the engine starting attempt in the sense of gradually reducing the injected fuel quantity as the unsuccessful engine cranking proceeds. A fully opened throttle during engine cranking signals a flooded engine condition and completely interrupts fuel injection.

Abstract: The specification describes an irradiation device, more particularly for use for causing the polymerization of fillings of resins in dentistry, using radiation in the UVA range which is transmitted from a radiation source via a light guide. The source of UVA radiation is a tungsten incandescent filament lamp with a color temperature of at least 3150.degree. K. and an electrical power of at least 15 Watts. For a defined solid angle, which is not less than 6 sterad, the radiation from the filament of the lamp is collected by an UV reflecting reflector and focussed at a focal point F.sub.1 lying outside the incandescent filament lamp. In the ray path between the filament of the lamp and the focal point F.sub.1 a dielectric thin film reflection filter is provided with a defined angle alpha of inclination .noteq. 0.degree. of the filter normal to the optic axis defined by the incandescent filament and the focal point F.sub.1.

Abstract: In a planning board of the kind having a foil surface adapted to have planning symbols attached thereto by a self-adherent effect, this effect being also utilized for the purpose of assembling the planning board from individual board elements. For this purpose, each element has a smooth surface at least along a margin of its reverse side so that it may be attached self-adherently to the surface of another like element. The resulting planning board can be folded like a book, e.g. for accommodation in a briefcase and provision may also be made for attaching it to a wall-mounted strip by the same self-adherent effect. Provision may also be made for the planning board to accommodate a card strip (e.g. bearing a notice) between two foil surfaces making up the planning board.

Abstract: Plastic seals for use in valves which handle chemically reactive and aggressive media are described. These seals have a base layer made from porous PTFE and a covering layer of smooth, dense PTFE. The two layers are suitably sintered together. The seal is held in a seal holder which may be injection molded around the seal and may be made from a similar material. During the production of the base layer, the PTFE material is mixed with a flushable filler material which leaves a structure of pores in the layer after removal. These pores impart to the base layer an elastic property.A method for joining the seal to the seal carrier and a method for forming annular seals are also described.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine includes an airflow metering device in the induction manifold which directly actuates a fuel metering valve formed by cooperating parts of the airflow meter bushing and the shaft around which it pivots. A differential pressure valve holds the pressure drop across the fuel metering aperture constant. Bimetallic springs are provided to exert temperature dependent forces on the diaphragm in the differential pressure valve to increase the differential pressure when the engine is cold.

Abstract: Novel mesomorphic substances, constituting, in certain temperature ranges, nematic or smectic liquid crystals, are compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is H or CN;R is alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 10 carbon atoms;R' is alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or ##STR2## and X is Br, Cl or CN.

Abstract: A pressure transducer, especially for measuring induction tube pressure in an internal combustion engine. The transducer includes an electrical inductor with a movable core displaced by pressure differences. The inductor is connected to a power source across a switch actuated by periodic triggering pulses. The voltage across the inductor is applied to a threshold detector which generates a binary level output signal, the duration of which is related to the inductive impedance of the inductor and thus to pressure. A logic gate receives the triggering pulses and the threshold detector output and generates an output pulse whose duration is related to the pressure. In another embodiment, the binary level output signal from the threshold detector is the output signal of the transducer.

Abstract: A liquid sprayer having a cylinder with a pressure chamber and a suction chamber, a hollow piston with a liquid passage therethrough and slidably fitted in said cylinder, an actuator mounted on the piston, a suction tube suspended from the bottom of the suction chamber into a liquid container, a movable valve rod vertically movable provided in the piston and cylinder and having a valve portion at the top end thereof for opening and closing the liquid passage of the piston, a compression spring for at all times urging the movable valve rod towards the direction of lifting up the piston with the liquid passage thereof being closed, and an elastic valve closely and slidably fitted onto the valve rod and adapted to establish communication between the pressure chamber and the suction chamber at its uppermost position and cut off communication therebetween at its lowermost position; whereby the passage of the piston communicating with a spray nozzle is opened when the internal pressure of the pressure chamber excee

Abstract: A fuel supply apparatus for an internal combustion engine in which fuel is supplied to the air induction tube in proportion to the aspirated air flow rate. A fuel metering valve, which may be electromagnetically actuated on the basis of engine rpm and other variables, is connected to the induction tube, possibly into the bypass channel of a carburetor to provide fine fuel control. Between the fuel metering valve and the induction tube there is disposed a pneumatic valve assembly including an equal pressure valve, the pressure chamber of which controls the fuel flow and the control chamber of which is coupled to the pressure chamber of a further, differentially-biased pressure control valve connected to downstream portions of the induction tube. The differential pressure valve maintains the control pressure in the equal pressure valve.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines, having a digital control apparatus for producing an actuating electrical signal for the engine injection valves proportional to the engine speed and the quantity of air aspirated by the engine, and a signal correction apparatus for modulating the injection actuating pulse in accordance with other parameters of the engine, such as fuel enrichment during starting or warmup of the engine, adjustment for idle, partial load, and full load conditions, and adjustment for the air-fuel ratio for both short time variable conditions, and long time variations such as variations in barometric pressure. This correction apparatus includes auxiliary storage register, interconnected to numerical frequency converters, which produce the correction signal from the information stored in the auxiliary storage registers.CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONSU.S. Application of Rolf Daumer et al, Ser. No. 742,715, filed Nov. 17, 1976.

Abstract: A master cylinder for a two-circuit brake system which includes anti-skid control has two separate chambers and pistons. The main control piston is surrounded by an auxiliary piston which it engages after a predetermined amount of travel. The auxiliary piston has an extension which holds the brake control valve and which is opened by the control piston during its travel. Furthermore, the second circuit cylinder includes a pressure sensor which can activate a warning when the piston travel is not in a predetermined relation to the applied fluid pressure.

Abstract: An injection valve to control the fuel injection into the intake duct of an internal combustion engine. The injection valve, which is preferably electromagnetically activated, is placed in a supporting opening in the wall of an intake duct, and is provided with a gasket between the outer wall of the injection valve housing and the outer wall of the support. The injection valve housing is arranged contact-free in the support opening and the thus-produced annular slit is closed by a bellows member. The injection valve housing is associated at its free end with a fuel distributor element. In this manner a greater freedom of movement of the valve housing in the support opening is thereby provided in addition to a substantial increase in thermal insulation, whereby manufacturing tolerances and thermal fluctuations are not significant.

Abstract: A motor vehicle is equipped with a heater assembly in which hot coolant from the engine is circulated through a first heat exchanger, normally called heater. The vehicle is also equipped with a refrigerating unit, i.e., an air conditioner, which has a second heat exchanger, or cooler, located in front of or behind the heater. Two separate temperature sensors are provided. One of these senses the compartment temperature while the other is located directly adjacent to the heater and senses the temperature of the air leaving the heater. The responsivity of this latter sensor is made substantially lower than that of the compartment sensor, i.e., its signal change per unit temperature change is lower, resulting in differential weighting. A control unit is so constructed that when the compartment temperature rises, the heater, which is normally cycled on and off in a quasi-continuous fashion, is shut off. If the temperature rises further, the controller activates the refrigerator unit and the air is cooled.