Abstract: In an asymmetrical SRAM device, and a method of manufacturing the same, the asymmetrical SRAM device includes a semiconductor substrate on which a plurality of unit cell regions are defined, and a plurality of active regions formed in each of the unit cell regions of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the active regions of each unit cell region are a mirror image of active regions of an adjacent one of the plurality of unit cell regions with respect to a boundary line between the adjacent unit cell regions.

Abstract: In an electronic device, and a method of manufacturing the same, the electronic device includes a first substrate, a first lower capacitor on the first substrate, a first lower switching element on the first lower capacitor, and a second substrate on the first lower switching element. The electronic device may further include a second lower switching element which is isolated from the first lower capacitor, and an upper capacitor on the second substrate, the lower electrode of the upper capacitor being connected to the second lower switching element.

Abstract: A magnetic random access memory (MRAM), and a method of manufacturing the same, includes a cell including a transistor and a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) layer connected to the transistor, wherein the MTJ layer includes a lower electrode, a lower magnetic film, a tunneling film having a uniform thickness and a substantially flat upper surface, and an upper magnetic film, wherein the lower electrode includes a first lower electrode and an amorphous second lower electrode. An amorphous flattening film may be further formed between the lower electrode and the lower magnetic film.

Abstract: An impedance measurement system for measuring skin impedance in a small skin region includes an electrode unit having a plurality of current supply electrodes for supplying a constant current and a plurality of measurement electrodes separate from the current supply electrodes for measuring a response signal of skin, a current source for supplying the constant current to the current supply electrodes, a signal processing unit, connected to the measurement electrodes, for receiving response signals generated in the skin in response to the applied constant current, for generating a potential difference signal, for removing noise from the potential difference signal, and for amplifying the noise-removed potential difference signal, a signal conversion unit for converting the potential difference signal received from the signal processing unit from analog into digital format, and an image display unit for converting the digital potential difference signal into an image signal and for displaying the image signal.

Abstract: A wavelength locker for use at more than one wavelength includes filters with different characteristics for a corresponding detector. The filters may be etalons having different free spectral ranges, e.g., having different apparent or real thicknesses. If more than three such filters are used outputting offset periodic signals, a reference detector may be eliminated and continuous operation over a wavelength range may be realized.

Abstract: An ink-jet printhead includes a substrate on which an ink chamber to be supplied with ink to be ejected is formed on a front surface of the substrate, a manifold for supplying ink to the ink chamber is formed on a rear surface of the substrate, and an ink passage in communication with the ink chamber and the manifold is formed parallel to the front surface of the substrate, a nozzle plate formed on the front surface of the substrate, a nozzle formed through the nozzle plate through which ink is ejected from the ink chamber, a heater formed on the nozzle plate, and an electrode electrically connected to the heater for applying current to the heater.

Abstract: An optical assembly includes a first transparent substrate having first and second surfaces, a second transparent substrate having substantially parallel third and fourth surfaces, a reflective portion on the second transparent substrate, a plurality of filters between the first substrate and the reflective portion, the plurality of filters filtering light beams incident thereon, the plurality of filters and the reflective portion forming a bounce cavity within the second transparent substrate, a collimating lens for collimating light beams to be input to the bounce cavity, a tilt mechanism for introducing tilt to light beams input to the bounce cavity; an input port receiving light beams and an output port transmitting light beams. The tilt mechanism may be between the first and second substrate.

Abstract: An image sensor device and method for forming the same include a photodiode formed in a substrate, at least one electrical interconnection line electrically associated with the photodiode, a light passageway having a light inlet, the light passageway being positioned in alignment with the photodiode, a color filter positioned over the light inlet of the light passageway and a lens positioned over the color filter in alignment with the light passageway wherein the at least one electrical interconnection line includes a copper interconnection formation having a plurality of interlayer dielectric layers in a stacked configuration with a diffusion barrier layer between adjacent interlayer dielectric layers, and a barrier metal layer between the copper interconnection formation and the plurality of interlayer dielectric layers and intervening diffusion barrier layers. An image sensor device may employ copper interconnections if a barrier metal layer is removed from above a photodiode.

Abstract: An integrated micro-optical system includes at least two wafers with at least two optical elements provided on respective surfaces of the at least two wafers, at least one of the two optical elements being a spherical lens. The resulting optical system presents a high numerical aperture. One of the optical elements may be a refractive element formed in a material having a high index of refraction.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes first and second substrates facing each other and divided into a display area and a non-display area, barrier ribs disposed between the first and second substrates, the barrier ribs defining a display discharge cell in the display area and a non-display discharge cell in the non-display area, a sustain electrode disposed between the first and second substrates, an address electrode disposed between the first and second substrates, the address electrode being perpendicular to the sustain electrode, the address electrode including a first dummy address electrode that protrudes on at least one end from an outermost barrier rib in the non-display region, and a composite layer covering the address electrode including at least a part of the first dummy address electrode. The composite layer may be formed of the same material as and may be a single body with the barrier ribs.

Abstract: A light guide member for guiding light may include a first pattern on a first side of the light guide member, the first pattern may include a plurality of first features extending along a first direction, and a plurality of second features extending along a second direction, wherein the first direction crosses the second direction, the first feature has a first feature size, the second feature has a second feature size, and the first feature size may be less than the second feature size.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a surface of a silicon wafer includes subjecting the surface of the silicon wafer to a hydrogen (H2) gas plasma containing at least one inert gas while biasing the hydrogen plasma with a RF bias power to direct the hydrogen (H2) plasma to clean the surface of the silicon wafer.

Abstract: A needle fixture of a probe card and a needle fixing method in semiconductor inspection equipment include a needle fixture of a probe card in semiconductor inspection equipment including a printed circuit board; a needle fixture installed in the printed circuit board; a resin unit affixing a probe needle to the needle fixture using an adhesive; and a separation preventer for preventing separation of the resin unit from the needle fixture, wherein the separation preventer includes: a plurality of notches formed along a bottom surface of the needle fixture; and the adhesive filling the plurality of notches.

Abstract: A spectrometer for use with a desired wavelength range includes an array of filters. Each filter outputs at least two non-contiguous wavelength peaks within the desired wavelength range. The array of filters is spectrally diverse over the desired wavelength range, and each filter in the array of filters outputs a spectrum of a first resolution. An array of detectors has a detector for receiving an output of a corresponding filter. A processor receives signals from each detector, and outputs a reconstructed spectrum having a second resolution, the second resolution being higher than any of the first resolution of each filter.

Abstract: In a system for sharing hybrid resources in an independent network, each one of a plurality of stations preferably employs a sharing authority transferring protocol that allows the network control function to be moved from station to station depending on the network traffic. Although a distributed coordination method is normally used in the network, when an individual station determines that a real-time data stream is intended for the station, an apparatus having a method and data format for the use thereof allows control to be transferred to the targeted station. This allows the targeted station to control the sharing of the wireless hybrid resources using a centralized control method in a direct mode for the duration of the real-time service transmission, thereby optimizing network efficiency. As a result of using the distributed control authority of the present invention, a station may be freely subscribe/withdraw to/from the network.

Abstract: A reflective display device using photonic crystals includes a plurality of reflective color filters, each reflective color filter reflects a predetermined wavelength range of an incident visible light; and a plurality of optical switches disposed adjacent to and facing a corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters, each of the plurality of optical switches extracts a predetermined color by adjusting an intensity or on/off-frequency of light reflected from the corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters. Accordingly, a reflective display device using photonic crystals may have a simplified structure requiring no conventional reflecting mirror.

Abstract: An inkjet printhead assembly including an inkjet printhead chip having an ink inflow hole, a frame having an ink supply hole, and an ink supply apparatus having a preheater and an ink supply outlet, wherein the frame is disposed between the inkjet printhead chip and the ink supply apparatus, the inkjet printhead chip is attached to the frame, and the ink supply hole is disposed between the ink supply outlet and the ink inflow hole, so as to channel ink between the ink supply apparatus and the inkjet printhead chip.