Abstract: An apparatus and method for recognizing malfunctions of a heater operated with liquid fuel uses output signals of a function testing circuit to be displayed in coded form. By this method it is possible to identify, on a display, which is preferably an operating state indicator light, a disturbance. The type of disturbance and hence the trouble spot can also be displayed without any further expenditure.

Abstract: In a pallet (31) for the seating of interchangeable clamping jaws (21) lockable to base jaws (4) of a chuck (1) the clamping jaws are inserted, for their retention in radially oriented, open-faced recesses (32) of the pallet (13). In the pallet, on both sides of each recess (32) one or more clamping bolts (33) are provided, each of which is arranged so as to be movable within limits and to which a pressure can be applied. By means of the bolts, the interchangeable clamping jaws (21) can be locked in a defined position in the pallet (31) and unlocked for their removal. This makes it possible to insert the interchangeable clamping jaws (21) without problems into the recesses (32) of the pallet (31) and also to remove them from the pallet without having to guide the interchangeable clamping jaws (21) laterally and without their jamming between guide surfaces. Rather, centering and fixing of the interchangeable clamping jaws (21) takes place automatically, when they are in a predetermined end position.

Abstract: To manufacture tubes having a wear-resistant inside coating, such as gun barrels, hard material layers are deposited on the barrel and the layers are strain-hardened in their surface area by at least the ratio of the area by which the surface area is reduced by compression divided by the surface area of 0.001 (.DELTA.F/F=1.10.sup.-3) or reducing the area of the layer by 0.1%.

Abstract: A wrench for inaccessible screw connections of motor vehicle linkages particularly for screwing and unscrewing the first part such as a ball pivot socket having its associated steering rod in respect to a second part such as a threaded pin of a pitman arm is employed in conjunction with an arrangement where both parts have diametrically opposite parallel wrench flats and one part has a stop surface for locating the wrench. The wrench includes a tube of a size to engage over the parts and has internal stop engageable with the predefined stop surface of the one part so as to ensure orientation of the tube relative to the two parts. The tube carries a ring shaped wrench head portion with a first diametrically extending recess into which a first wrench is engageable. The wrench has spaced apart wrench jaws which are engageable with the flats of the part having the stop surface.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument is provided with a first programmable counter for generating a reference clock signal corresponding to a musical frequency and a plurality of cascade-connected programmable counters which are each triggered by the preceding programmable counter. A multi-level signal which assumes one of a plurality of levels for each period specified by one of the cascade-connected programmable counters is output as a primary waveform. The electronic musical instrument is capable of setting various variations of the primary waveform abundantly containing harmonics and is satisfactory in the tone quality and in the degree of freedom in setting tones, and hence is of high musicality.

Abstract: Glass roving is directed through a soaking tub which is supplied with resin and a setting agent, and trained as a flat-pressed band to a forming unit. The forming unit comprises a two-part mold which is formed by the flange portions of two mold discs and becomes automatically coupled in its closing position. The mold discs are supported on separate coaxial shafts, each of which is associated with a drive for opening and closing the mold. One of the mold parts comprises a cylindrical portion by which, upon opening the mold, the finished sleeve is supported. Pusher pistons provided at this mold part becomes effective automatically as the mold is opened to push off the molded sleeve. All working, drive and conveying means, as well as all switching and control elements are under the control of a common programmable central unit.

Abstract: A magnetic suspension for a railway vehicle with electromagnetic carrying, guiding and driving gear, wherein the forces of the exciter and transverse flux magnets support, guide, drive and brake together with an active motor section by regulating the gap distance from a track-side reaction rail measured by gap, measured by gap sensors, and wherein the vehicle includes hover frames and the magnets are resiliently mounted to the hover frames in such a way that both supporting and guiding magnets as well as the carrying magnets of the two longsides of the vehicles are separated from each other as to action and the hover frames are coupled to the vehicle superstructure through spring means is disclosed. Each magnet includes at least four coils and the transvers flux magnets have adjacent coils with coil lengths selected so that within the magnet coil peripheries of the adjacent coils, lying side by side, do not coincide.

Abstract: A marine contra-rotating propeller apparatus for propelling a ship by contra-rotating propellers is characterized by the provision of an inner shaft having one end directly coupled to an output shaft of a main diesel engine and the other end to which an outside propeller is mounted and an outer shaft having one end coupled to the inner shaft through a reversing transmission mechanism and an elastic coupling and the other end to which an inside propeller is mounted.

Abstract: A process to obtain a new thermostable and neutral .alpha.-amylase by cultivating a strain selected from micro-organisms Bacillus sp. NCIB 11887 or NCIB 11886, or any of the mutants thereof, at temperatures from 50.degree. to 70.degree. C.

Abstract: In a clock provided with a mechanical drive for the going train and having one or more striking mechanisms controlled by the going train, the motion regulator of the going train comprises a quartz-controlled stepping mechanism whose arbor is in drive connection with the wheelwork of the going train via an escapement. The connection insures that each step of its arbor releases the going train subject to the torque of the mechanical drive for a defined angle. Thereby it becomes possible to use for the going train a commercial, i.e. low-torque, quartz controlled stepping mechanism and yet to have available the torques required for the control of one or more striking mechanisms. It is of advantage if, between the arbor of the stepping mechanism and the wheelwork of the going train gear, elements in the form of a pallet controlled by a cam plate or in the form of a worm wheel engagement are provided, which gear elements remain in self-lock but are releasable from the self-lock by the arbor.

Abstract: A mattress support for a crib having a frame defining a space comprises four vertical brackets connected to four posts of the crib frame. Each bracket has a plurality of vertically spaced open ended slots with open mouths of each slot facing toward a centerline of the crib. A pair of beams which each have pins extending from their end are engaged with the vertical brackets so that at least one pin at one end of each beam is engaged in one slot of each bracket. A cross member engages the beams to hold them apart and hold their pins in the appropriate slot.

Abstract: Acoustic frictional resistance comprises a plate having at least one laser-formed hole therethrough. The plate is formed by positioning a plate preferably one having a thickness smaller than one and one-half milimeters alongside a laser and directing the laser beam so that it cuts a hole through the plate. During the process of producing the resistance, the value of the acoustic friction is measured as a pressure drop of a constant air stream or as an expenditure of electrical energy for an electrically excited electroacoustic transducer. This measurement is then used as a variable or as a standard for controlling the process. Advantageously, a coherent beam is emitted by the laser which is deflected by mirror from a horizontal to a vertical direction and focused by means of a lens to work in a contact-free manner on a workpiece supported on a support member such as a movable table. By moving the table in two coordinate directions, a plurality of bores are formed in a pattern in a workpiece.

Abstract: A semiconductor optoelectro transducer is highly sensitive in infrared to far infrared regions and is operable at high speed. To this end, the optoelectro transducer is formed by a static induction transistor or a static induction thyristor and an element which are excited by light of longer wavelength than that of light corresponding to the energy of the energy gap of a channel region, is added to the channel region which receives light.

Abstract: A device for dispensing tape in desired lengths from a supply reel which is rotatably supported in a housing and fed out by means of a manually actuable drive wheel which also has, in the housing, a knife which is manually actuable in the direction of the tape to cut the tape. The device makes it easy to single-handedly separate from the supply reel a desired length of tape.

Abstract: A device for automatically loading a large-caliber cartridge into the gun bore of a gun carried by a tank turret, comprises a revolving magazine mounted for rotation about the rotational axis of the turret, and independently of the rotation of the turret. The revolving magazine includes two vertical levels of magazine compartments lying radially in the magazine with cartridges facing toward the rotational axis. The revolving magazine includes an elevator which can lift a cartridge from the uppermost level of magazine compartments into a breach opening area of the gun barrel whereat the cartridge can be rammed into the gun barrel bore. In a forward trough area of the tank carrying the tank turret, a second magazine is provided having a plurality of chutes each with at least three cartridges stacked one on top of the other.

Abstract: A brake booster having a constant pressure chamber and a variable pressure chamber formed respectively at both front and rear sides of a power piston within a housing, characterized in that a hollow expansion body expansible axially of the power piston is disposed within the constant pressure chamber and one end of the hollow expansion body is secured fixedly to the housing while the other end of the expansion body is connected to a push rod so that the force magnifying ratio of the brake booster is varied by adjusting the internal pressure in the hollow expansion body.

Abstract: A method of applying an insulation coating to a wall surface comprises applying strips of a length or height of the insulation to be applied to the wall surface so that they are deposed outwardly of the wall surface up to the desired thickness of the insulating coating, spraying the coating between adjacent strips of a thickness up to the surface of the strips, and thereafter smoothing the coating surface which has been applied. The invention also includes a chainsaw construction for smoothing the surface in which the saw has a blade length at least as long as the expected coating widths and the spacing of the strips which includes a plurality of chain links having cutting tips and advantageously small brushes a affixed to the links to further smooth or remove the dust from the coated surfaces.