Abstract: The present invention discloses a frequency-modulated dimming control system of a discharge lamp. The frequency-modulated dimming control system of a discharge lamp includes including a voltage regulator having a variable output voltage for converting an input voltage into a bus voltage, wherein a level of the bus voltage is a predetermined ratio of the input voltage, for example 10% of the input voltage, and a ballast circuit for driving the discharge lamp by detecting a variation of the bus voltage and then providing a current to the discharge lamp in response to a frequency modulation of the ballast circuit and the variation of the bus voltage so as to control a light intensity of the discharge lamp.

Abstract: A vibration absorbing material preferably includes a first elastomeric layer of vibration absorbing material which is substantially free of voids therein. A second elastomeric layer includes an aramid material therein and is disposed on the first elastomeric layer. The amramid material distributes vibration to facilitate vibration dampening. A third elastomeric layer is disposed on the second elastomeric layer.

Abstract: An improved base station which cancels the effects of known fixed interference sources produces a signal substantially free from the interference sources thereby increasing total channel capacity. The adaptive interference canceler system includes a main antenna for receiving signals from other communication stations and at least one directional antenna directed toward an interference source. The main and directional antennas are coupled together such that an output signal substantially free from the interference is generated.

Abstract: An inverter for converting a DC input voltage into an AC output voltage using the sigma-delta modulation (SDM) is provided which includes: a SDM controller for producing a modulated output voltage signal according to a reference voltage signal, a driving circuit electrically connected to the SDM controller for producing a driving signal according to the modulated output voltage signal, and a power inversion stage circuit electrically connected to the driving circuit for producing the AC output voltage according to the driving signal. A controller for producing a modulated output voltage signal according to a reference voltage signal is also provided which includes: an integrator circuit, a sample-and-hold circuit electrically connected to the integrator circuit, and a quantizer circuit electrically connected to the sample-and-hold circuit and electrically connected to an input terminal of the integrator circuit through an output terminal thereof.

Abstract: The power converters employing the provided methods and controllers are proposed. The controller includes: a signal preprocessor for generating a current signal according to a sensed current of the transformer, an integrator electrically connected to the signal preprocessor for integrating the current signal and offering an integrated signal, a synthesizer electrically connected to the integrator for receiving and synthesizing the integrated signal and a slope compensation signal to generate a synthesized signal, an operational amplifier of a control loop for generating an amplified error signal, and a PWM comparator electrically connected to the operational amplifier and the synthesizer for comparing the amplified error signal and the synthesized signal and generating a PWM signal to turn on and off a switch of the transformer accordingly.

Abstract: A cross regulation controller and the methods for controlling a boost converter are proposed. The boost converter includes the first and second switch elements, and the first and second output capacitors. The cross regulation controller includes a first feedback control circuit for processing the second voltage, a sampling of the voltage across the second output capacitor, with a reference voltage to produce a third voltage and to transform the third voltage to generate a first pulse signal to drive the first switch element, and a second feedback control circuit for processing the first voltage, a sampling of the voltage across the first output capacitor, with a reference voltage to produce a fourth voltage and to transform the fourth voltage to generate a second pulse signal to drive the second switch element so as to achieve a balancing status between the first voltage and the second voltage.

Abstract: A system for automatic gain control prevents input overload by precisely controlling the input level of a received, digitally modulated signal without using a variable gain amplifier. A limiting amplifier in conjunction with a logarithmic detector splits an input signal path in two, providing separate phase and amplitude information for downstream digital signal processing, where the separate phase and amplitude information is processed without variable gain artifacts. The separated phase information may further be divided into I and Q signals.

Abstract: A wireless communication system implements wireless communications between a base station and a plurality of User Equipments (UEs) including paging of UEs by initially processing paging indicator information. A first embodiment involves a UE's physical layer L1 being configured for interpreting a paging indicator (PI) to activate a preset decoding configuration to process paging data in a pre-specified paging channel (PCH). A second embodiment involves the physical layer control of a next higher level, L2, interpreting the paging indicator and configuring the physical layer L1 to process paging data in a pre-specified PCH.

Abstract: A coagulation clamp (1) has clamp jaws (4) and two projections (2b or 2c, 2d) that impinge on these jaws directly or indirectly and that can be pivoted relative to one another on a common joint (2) with the aid of hand grips (3). The projections are insulated in the area of the joint and each connected directly or indirectly with a high-frequency terminal (HF). Here, the joint openings (6) are coated with an insulation that surrounds the joint axle (7) in the position of use, this insulation usefully being formed by a respective insulating sleeve (8). The joint axle (7) is made up of a sleeve (71) and an insert (72) that can be placed therein in telescoping fashion and that has a press-fit seating and that, on the side of sleeve (71) facing away from the insertion side, extends up to or into an opening (9a) of a termination (9) of this sleeve (71) and is fixedly connected with this sleeve termination (9), preferably being welded thereto. This results in a stable joint (2) that can absorb large forces.

Abstract: A wireless time division duplex communication system using code division multiple access has a base station and user equipments. The system communicates using communication bursts. Each communication burst has a unique channelization code and a midamble code. Each midamble code is mapped to a set of at least one channelization code. For each communication burst to be transmitted in a time slot from the base station, the midamble code mapped to that burst's channelization code is determined. Communication bursts are generated and transmitted in the time slot. Each burst has the determined midamble code for its channelization code. The user equipment receives the bursts and determines each received midamble code. The user equipment determines the channelization codes of the transmitted communication bursts based on in part a result of the determining of each received midamble code.

Abstract: A method and system for positioning mobile units using angle measurements taken by neighboring mobile units is disclosed. A selected mobile unit and mobile units in the vicinity of the selected mobile unit are selectively instructed to measure and report information related to the position of the selected mobile unit. The reported information is used to compute a position of the selected mobile unit.

Abstract: A distributed shared memory (DSM) system includes at least a first and a second nodes. The first node includes an external cache for storing a data from a local memory of the second node and at least two processors optionally accessing the data from the external cache. Whether the data has been modified into a modified data by a first certain one of the at least two processors is first determined. If positive, whether a second certain one of the at least two processors is allowed to share the modified data is further determined. If the second certain processor is allowed to share the modified data, it may directly request the modified data from the first certain processor via a bus inside the first node.

Abstract: A CDMA wireless digital communication system which supports all types of voice and data communications while utilizing the minimum amount of bandwidth for the particular application. The system efficiently allocates ISDN bandwidth on demand by a subscriber. Upon initialization of the subscriber unit, the system establishes a channel and generates the necessary spreading codes to support the highest capacity channel desired by the subscriber unit. Portions of the communication spectrum bandwidth are not reserved until actually required by the subscriber unit. Since the call setup is performed at the beginning of a call from that subscriber unit, including the assignment of spreading codes, a subscriber unit can quickly gain access to the portion of the spectrum that is required to support the particular application.

Abstract: An electromagnetic hydraulic valve (1), which including an electromagnet (2) with an armature (3) and of a valve housing (4) with an axial bore (5) and a piston valve (6) located therein is provided. The valve housing (4) includes several annular grooves (8, 9, 10) in which several radial openings (11, 12, 13) are located, which open into the axial bore (5), through which the hydraulic valve (1) has a fluid connection with a pressure connection (P), a tank connection (T) and two consumer connections (A, B). The piston valve (6) is acted upon by the armature (3) of electromagnet (2) and includes two ring-shaped control sections (14, 15), which connect alternatively the pressure connection (P) and the tank connection (T) with one of the consumer connections (A, B) through axial movement of piston valve (6). According to the invention, the radial openings (11, 12, 13) in valve housing (4) are provided as windows having a rectangular cross section.

Abstract: A system, components and methods provide FEC decoding in a wireless communication system in which signal to noise ratio estimation is used for scaling information captured by a demodulator in processing received wireless communication signals. A preferred wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) has a channel rate estimation device configured to process the received communication signals for the particular communication channel and to produce channel change rate estimates. A signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimation device of the WTRU is configured to produce SNR estimates based on observation windows of a calculated number of samples of the received signal where the number of samples used for each observation window is calculated a function of the channel change rate estimates produce by the channel rate estimation device.

Abstract: A fiber measurement system for obtaining a fiber bending loss data of a moving fiber when compared with a static fiber is provided.

Abstract: Filtration cells capable of direct sampling of a fluid from a container and which may be used for microfiltration of both small and large microvolumes of a fluid to be filtered are provided. Also a process for directly transferring a fluid to be filtered from a container to a filtration cell is described. The filtration cells have one or more reservoirs and are in communication with fluid in a container to be filtered through a piercing instrument connected to a base and support for a reservoir that receives the fluid to be filtered after it passed across a filter membrane. The filtration cell may then be pressurized and vented to allow fluid to be filtered to reciprocally and tangentially pass across a filter membrane between either a container having a fluid to be filtered and a single reservoir for small volume filtrations or between two reservoirs after pressurizing a fluid to be filtered into the reservoirs from a container using a piercing instrument.

Abstract: Data from a plurality of communications is transmitted in a code division multiple access communication system. The transmitted communications are received. Gain factors are determined for at least one of the received communications. Data of the received communications is detected using a scaling factor derived from the determined gain values.