Abstract: A process for the manufacture of 2-hydroxy-naphthalene-3-carboxylic acid by heating sodium .beta.-naphtholate or a mixture of potassium .beta.-naphtholate and sodium .beta.-naphtholate with nitrogen compounds and/or polyphosphates containing at least 3 phosphorus atoms per molecule to a temperature of at least 180.degree. C, reaction with carbon dioxide and subsequent reaction of the resulting salt with acid. The 2-hydroxy-naphthalene-3-carboxylic acid obtainable by the process of the invention is a starting material for the manufacture of dyes, a coupling component for dye lakes and for chrome dyes, and a developer for diazotizable dyes.

Abstract: A finned tube heat exchanger for isolating sublimates, especially phthalic anhydride, in which the finned tubes arranged in parallel alongside one another and above one another and connected by headers and tube bends permit flow through them successively in the first, then the third, then the second and then the fourth row, and that the transverse fins are arranged in rows staggered laterally in opposite directions by an amount corresponding to from half the spacing to the whole spacing between adjacent fin edges.

Abstract: Anthraquinone is manufactured by oxidation of diphenylmethane compounds in the gas phase, in the presence of vanadium(V) oxide and titanium dioxide in a specific weight ratio. The anthraquinone which may be manufactured by the process of the invention is a valuable starting material for the manufacture of dyes and pesticides.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of graft copolymers based on methyl methacrylate polymers. The methyl methacrylate polymer is reacted with a high molecular weight organic compound containing at least one alkylene oxide unit having an alkali metal alcoholate end group, during which reaction transesterification occurs to eliminate alkali metal methoxide and cause chain joining. The graft copolymers may be used for the production of shaped articles or coating compositions and as additives, antistatic agents or adhesion promoters for plastics materials.

Abstract: An extraction tube for the continuous removal of low molecular weight components of polylactam granules by means of hot water by the countercurrent principle of operation, the water being fed upwardly and the granules downwardly, the tube being provided with inlets and outlets for the granules and the water and exhibiting baffles within the tube, wherein there is provided, within the tube, a heat exchanger whichA. divides the tube into two sections bearing a ratio to each other of from 50:50 to 85:15 by volume, the smaller section being at the top of the tube,B. exhibits ducts for the granules over the entire cross-section of the tube andC. has top surfaces facing the stream of granules, which surfaces are inclined toward the ducts to an angle .beta. to the horizontal, this angle being equal to or greater than the angle of repose of the granules but less than 90.degree.,Further similar heat exchangers being provided beneath said heat exchanger if desired.

Abstract: A process for isolating carboxylic acids from residues of the oxo reaction which are obtained as residues, on hydroformylation of ethylene or propylene, optionally after removing a part of the aldehydes produced, subsequent hydrogenation, treatment with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solutions and subsequent distillation, wherein the residues are acidified with strong mineral acids to a pH of from 2-4, the acidified mixture not containing more than 5 parts by weight of water per part by weight of the carboxylic acids contained in the mixture, the organic phase is then separated off and the carboxylic acids are isolated therefrom by distillation at pressures below 150 mbar. The carboxylic acids obtained can be used as solvents or for the manufacture of esters.

Abstract: .gamma.,.delta.-Unsaturated non-cyclic aliphatic ketones are prepared by reacting specific .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones with vinylmagnesium halide in the presence of inorganic copper compounds at temperatures below 0.degree. C. The reaction products are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of a number of perfumes. For example, the compound 3,3-dimethyl-1-hexen-5-one which may be prepared from mesityl oxide and vinylmagnesium chloride is an intermediate for lavandulyl compounds such as lavandulol and lavandulyl acetate.

Abstract: Improved film-forming organic resin plant aqueous binder replenishment concentrated compositions adapted for dispersing in an aqueous electrocoating bath containing sufficient additional water-soluble amino compound to impart anionic polyelectrolyte behavior in the bath to the resin in the binder concentrate compositions, the binder concentrate compositions comprising:40-70 percent by weight of cyclized rubber in 60-30 percent by weight of a binder mixture wherein the binder mixture comprises:I. about 10-50 percent by weight of a non-heat reactive phenol-aldehyde resin; andIi. about 50-90 percent by weight of a copolymer, said copolymer comprising:A. about 50-85 percent by weight of an ester of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid with an alcohol having 1-10 carbon atoms;B. about 5-20 percent by weight of drying oils or drying oil fatty acids containing olefinically unsaturated fatty acids;C. about 5-15 percent by weight of an .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3-5 carbon atoms;D.

Abstract: New and valuable carbothiolates of azetidines having a good herbicidal action, herbicides containing these compounds, and a process for controlling the growth of unwanted plants with these compounds.

Abstract: Continuous manufacture of phthalimide by reaction of phthalic anhydride with ammonia and washing the offgas with a melt containing phthalimide. The product is a starting material for the manufacture of dyes, pesticides and pigments, especially copper phthalocyanines.

Abstract: Block or graft copolymers consisting of a substantially linear elastomer block B and one or more copolymer blocks A of alternating structure. The ends of block B are joined to the blocks A by divinyl- or divinylidene-aromatic monomer units. The block or graft copolymers may be used as impact-resistant thermoplastic molding compositions for the manufacture of shaped articles or as emulsifiers in the solution graft polymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile to a rubber.

Abstract: Aqueous suspensions of polyolefin fibrids are prepared. To avoid foam formation and improve fiber-bonding, small amounts of anionic agents are added to the suspensions. The suspensions are suitable for the manufacture of paper-like or textile-like web structures distinguished by very good fiber bonding and good initial wet strength.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the manufacture of magnetic discs in which the preferred direction of particle orientation is parallel to the plane of the disc and tangential to its circumference. The base discs coated with the still fluid magnetic dispersion, are introduced into a zone of magnetic flux bounded by conductors, the conducting boundary being so arranged that the current flow on one side of the base disc runs radially outwards and on the other side runs radially inwards.

Abstract: A palladium catalyst for the maufacture of butene-2-diol-1,4 from technical butynediol obtained by reacting acetylene and formaldehyde by the Reppe method in contact with copper catalysts and not specially purified contains (in addition to palladium) both zinc and cadmium, or either zinc or cadmium together with bismuth or tellurium.

Abstract: The production of 3-monochloro and 3,6-dichloro derivatives of 2,4,5-trialkylbenzophenones by reaction of 2,4,5-trialkylbenzophenones with chlorine, and the new 3-monochloro-2,4,5-trialkylbenzophenones and 3,6-dichloro-2,4,5-trialkylbenzophenones themselves. The products are starting materials for the production of dyes and pesticides.

Abstract: Soiled hot end coated glassware having a substantially colorless and transparent thin protective coating thereon including an organic coating material is washed in an inhibited aqueous caustic soda cleaning solution to inhibit the deleterious effects of repeated washings and thereby increase the effective life of the protective coating. The cleaning solution comprises on a weight basis from 0.3 percent to 6 percent of caustic soda, from 0.01 percent to 0.3 percent of at least one soluble zinc containing compound when calculated as zinc oxide, and the remainder water. Other ingredients which may be present include from 0.002 percent to 0.05 percent of a synthetic organic phosphate ester anionic surfactant having hydrotrophic properties, from 0.001 percent to 0.03 percent of a low foaming synthetic alkoxylated nonionic surfactant, and from 0.008 percent to 0.2 percent of a hard water conditioning sequesterant.

Abstract: 2,6,10-Trimethyl-dodecan-1-al and its 4,8-diene and processes for their manufacture. The new compounds are manufactured by vinylation or ethynylation and subsequent partial hydrogenation of 2-methyl-butan-1-al, reaction of the resulting 4-methyl-hex-1-en-3-ol with a propenyl ether in the presence of an acid catalyst at elevated temperatures, or reaction of the resulting 4-methyl-hex-1-en-3-ol with an .alpha.-formyl-propionic acid ester at elevated temperatures, subsequent vinylation of ethynylation and partial hydrogenation of the resulting 2,6-dimethyl-oct-4-en-1-al, renewed reaction with a propenyl ether or an .alpha.-formyl-propionic acid ester and -- if desired -- catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting 2,6,10-trimethyl-dodeca-4,8-dien-1-al. The organoleptic properties of the new compounds greatly resemble those of the natural scents and aromas of oranges, namely .alpha.- and .beta.-sinensal.

Abstract: New and valuable sulfites of glycolic anilides having a good herbicidal action, and a process for controlling the growth of unwanted plants with these compounds.

Abstract: Stabilized, aqueous formaldehyde solutions and a process for their manufacture by addition of isophthalobis-guanamine and/or terephthalo-bis-guanamine. The formaldehyde solution of the invention is used as a disinfectant, tanning agent or reducing agent, and as a starting material for the manufacture of synthetic resins, adhesives and plastics.

Abstract: New and valuable fungicides containing pyridinecarboxylic acid derivatives and a process for controlling fungi with these compounds.